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Sample Collection
The sampling crew follows a flowchart and field protocol to ensure all samples are collected. A checklist (example ) is also used to track the completion of each field task.
Samples are kept chilled in the field during transport to the processing lab. The processing lab is based either in the field or in Fairbanks depending on logistics.
The processing crew follows a flowchart and lab protocol to ensure all samples are processed according to protocol. A checklist (checklist example spreadsheet ) is also used to track the completion of each lab task.
Summary of standard analytical methods and references
Parameter Publication Method of Analysis Solids, Residue, dissolved Fishman and others Gravimetric, Residue on Evaporation @ 180ºC (1994) Turbidity Fishman & Friedman Nephelometry (1989) Sediment, suspended Guy (1969) Gravimetric, separation by filtration/evaporation Oxygen, dissolved USGS (1997-99) Amperometric pH, whole water USGS (1997-99) Electrometric electrode Specific Conductance USGS (1997-99) Wheatstone Bridge UV Absorbance, 254 nm Chin and others (1994) UV Absorbance, 254 mn UV Absorbance, 280 mn Chin and others (1994) UV Absorbance, 280 mn Major ions Calcium, dissolved Fishman (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry Magnesium, dissolved Fishman (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry Potassium, dissolved Fishman and Friedman Flame Atomic absorption (1989) Sodium, dissolved Fishman (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry Alkalinity Dis fet lab, as CaCO3 USGS (1997-99) Fixed end point titration Alkalinity, Dis tot IT, field USGS (1997-99) Incremental endpoint point titration Bicarbonate Dis IT, field USGS (1997-99) Calculated Carbonate Dis IT, field USGS (1997-99) Calculated Chloride, dissolved Fishman and Friedman Ion Chromatography (1989) Fluoride, dissolved Fishman and Friedman Automated Segmented Flow-Ion-Selective Electrode (1989) Silica, dissolved Fishman (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry Sulfate, dissolved Fishman and Friedman Ion Chromatography (1989) Nutrients Nitrogen, ammonia dissolved Fishman (1993) Colorimetry, Automated Segmented Flow - Salicylate- hypochlorite Nitrogen, ammonia+organic Patton and Truitt (2000) Colorimetry, Automated Segmented Flow - Microkjeldahl dissolved Digestion Nitrogen, ammonia+organic total Fishman and others Colorimetry, Block digestor Salicylate-hypochlorite (1994) Nitrogen, nitrite+nitrate, Fishman (1993) Colorimetry, Automated Segmented Flow - Cadmium dissolved Reduction-Diazotization Nitrogen, nitrite, Fishman and Friedman Ion Chromatography dissolved (1989) Nitrogen, particulate, Zimmerman and others Elemental analysis Suspended (TPN) (1997) Phosphorus, dissolved Patton and Truitt (1992) Colorimetry, Automated Segmented Flow - Microkjeldahl Digestion Ortho-phosphorus Fishman (1993) Colorimetry, Automated Segmented Flow - Phosphomolybdate Phosphorus, total Patton and Truitt (1992) Colorimetry, Automated Segmented Flow - Microkjeldahl Digestion Carbon, inorganic+organic, Zimmerman and others Elemental analysis Particulate total (TPC) (1997) Carbon, inorganic, Zimmerman and others Elemental analysis Particulate total (PIC) (1997) Carbon, organic, Brenton and Arnett Wet-Chemical Oxidation, Nondispersive Infrared Detector Dissolved (DOC) (1993) Carbon, organic, Zimmerman and others Elemental analysis Particulate (POC) (1997) Trace Elements Aluminum, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Antimony, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Arsenic, dissolved Garbarino (1999) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Barium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Beryllium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Boron, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Cadmium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Chromium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Cobalt, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Copper, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Iron, dissolved Fishman (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry Lead, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Lithium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Manganese, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Molybdenum, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Nickel, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Selenium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Silver, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Strontium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Vanadium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Zinc, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry Uranium, dissolved Faires (1993) Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry
