The Chemistry Group Resources Section participates in chemistry-related aspects of NTP and DIR studies through the synthesis and application of existing information and through contracted chemistry laboratories. Its areas of involvement include the development of vehicles, study design, analytical methods development, and logisitical support such as chemical procurement, shipping, and storage. The purpose of the section is to ensure the defendability of the chemistry included in NTP and DIR studies and to develop better tools with which to increase our understanding of dose/response relationships.
Preliminary chemistry studies are often performed to provide new information important for study design. These studies include the evaluation of literature and consultation with outside experts along with experimental determination of solubility, suspendability, and syringeability of the study chemicals in dose vehicles. Palatability studies are conducted for studies using feed or drinking water vehicles. Toxicokinetic studies are often performed to characterize internal dose, clearance, and absorption of test chemicals.
Analytical methods development research includes the application of state-of-the-art analytical tools, available under contract, to both chemical characterization and quantitative analysis. Characterization activities include establishing the unequivocal identity of test articles, determination of biomarkers of exposure and effect, and identification and quantitation of metabolites. Quantitation of test articles in dose formulations and tissue samples and metabolites in tissue samples often involve the development of novel approaches for recovery of analytes from complex matrices. Techniques employed for qualitative and/or quantitative analysis include GC/FID, GC/ECD, HPLC/UV, HPLC/RI, IC, FTIR, GC/MS, LC/MS, LC/MS/MS, and HRMS.
Selected Publications
Weber, HA, Zart, MK, Hodges, AE, White, KD, Barnes, SM, Moody, LA, Clark, AP, Harris, RK, Overstreet, JD, and Smith, CS. Method Validation for Determination of Alkaloid Content in Goldenseal Root Powder. J. AOAC Int. 86(3):476 (2003).
Weber, HA, Zart, MK, Hodges, AE, Molloy, HM, O’Brien, BM, Moody, LA, Clark, AP, Harris, RK, Overstreet, JD, and Smith, CS. Chemical Comparison of Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) Root Powder from Three Commercial Suppliers. J. Agric. Food Chem., 51: 7352 (2003).
Johnson JD, Reichelderfer DL, Burback BL, Walters DL, Zutshi A, Graves SW, and Smith CS. Toxicokinetics of 2-Methylimidazole in Male and Female F344 Rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 65 (12): 869 (2002).
Weber, HA, Zart, MK, Ferguson, SL, Greaves, JG, Clark, AP, Harris, RK, Overstreet, JD, and Smith, CS. Separation and Quantitation of Isoquinoline Alkaloids Occuring in Goldenseal. J. Liq. Chrom. & Rel. Technol., 24(1): 87 (2001).
Tully DB, Collins BJ, Overstreet JD, Smith CS, Mumtaz MM, and Chapin RE. Identification of Biomarkers of Toxicity for Four High Priority Heavy Metal Pollutants in Recombinant HepG2 Cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 168, 79 (2000).
M. Yan, Moore RJ, Wagnon KB, Pierce JT, Debban KH, Smith CS, Dill JA, and Fuciarelli AF. Analysis of ?2?-Globulin in Rat Urine and Kidneys by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chem. Res. Tox, 11(9): 953, 1998.
Voyksner RD, Smith CS and Knox PC. Optimization and Application of Particle Beam High-Performance Liquid-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry to Compounds of Pharmaceutical Interest. Biomed. and Environ. Mass Spectrometry, 19(9):523, 1990.
Raymer JH, Smith CS, Pellizari ED, and Velez G. Pyrolysis Coupled with Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. .13(7): 11261, 1990.
Smith CS, Morgan SL, Parks CD, and Fox A. Discrimination and Clustering of Streptococci by Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry and Multivariate Data-Analysis. J. Anal. and App. Pyrolysis. 18(2):97, 1990.
Voyksner RD, Williams FP, Smith CS, Koble DL, and Seltzman HH. Analysis of Cyclodextrins Using Fast Atom Bombardment/Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Biomed. Environ. Mass Spectrom. 18:1071, 1989.
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