Outcome
Effect on all-cause mortality:
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 1%: No change
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 3%: No change
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 5%: No change
CHD events avoided, n:
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 1%: 3 (1 to 4)
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 3%: 8 (4 to 12)
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 5%: 14 (6 to 20)
Ischemic strokes avoided, n:
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 1%: 0
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 3%: 0
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 5%: 0
Hemorrhagic strokes precipitated, n:
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 1%: 1 (0 to 2)
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 3%: 1 (0 to 2)
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 5%: 1 (0 to 2)
Major gastrointestinal bleeding events precipitated, n:
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 1%: 3 (2 to 4)
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 3%: 3 (2 to 4)
Estimated 5-Year Risk for CHD Events at Baseline, 5%: 3 (2 to 4)
*Estimates based on 1,000 patients receiving aspirin for 5 years and a relative risk reduction of 28 percent for coronary heart disease (CHD) events in those who received aspirin. CHD events indicate nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, fatal CHD. Values in parentheses are 95 percent CIs.
The following caveats apply to these estimates. (1) Reduction in CHD risk may be smaller in women, but data are limited. (2) For elderly people, absolute risk for hemorrhagic stroke and major gastrointestinal bleeding may be two to three times higher in patients receiving aspirin; however, aspirin may provide benefit in elderly people by reducing ischemic stroke, the incidence of which increases with age. Aspirin does not appear to improve incidence of ischemic stroke in middle-aged patients. (3) Risk for hemorrhagic stroke may be greater with larger doses of aspirin. (4) Aspirin may not prevent myocardial infarction in patients with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 150 mm Hg). (5) Long-term outcomes (> 5 to 7 years) are unknown. (6) Patients at high risk (> 10 percent 5-year risk) may derive greater benefit from aspirin, including a 15 percent to 20 percent reduction in ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality, because their risk is similar to that of patients with known CHD.