CFSAN/Office of Food Safety
August 1, 2008
Under regulatory monitoring, 5,512 samples were analyzed. Of these, 1,260 were of domestic foods and 4,252 were imported foods.
Figure 1 shows the percentage of the 1,260 domestic samples by commodity group with "No Residues Found," "Residues Found; No Violation," and "Violative" (a violative residue is defined in this report as a residue which exceeds an EPA tolerance or formal FDA Action Level, or a residue at a level of regulatory significance for which no tolerance has been established in the sampled food.)
Figure 1 - Results of Domestic Samples by Commodity Group for FY 2006
Group Sample Totals: Grains & Grain Products, 160; Milk/Dairy/Eggs, 21; Fish/Shellfish, 34; Fruit, 344; Vegetables, 672; Other Foods, 29.
As in earlier years, fruits and vegetables accounted for the largest proportion of the domestic commodities analyzed in FY 2006; these two commodity groups comprised 80.6 % of the total number of domestic samples. In FY 2006, 98.2% of all domestic foods analyzed by FDA were in compliance with EPA's established residue tolerances and FDA formal action levels. The compliance rate for domestic foods for FYs 1996 to 2005 was between 97.6% and 99.3%.
Appendix A contains more detailed data on domestic monitoring findings by commodity, including the total number of samples analyzed, the percent samples with no residues detected, and the percent violative samples including the nature of the violation (over-tolerance vs. no tolerance). Of the 1,260 domestic samples, 68.8 % had no detectable residues and 1.6% had violative residues. In the largest commodity groups, fruits and vegetables, 44.2 % and 73.8 % of the samples, respectively, had no residues detected; 0.9 % of the fruit samples and 2.4 % of the vegetable samples contained violative residues (Figure 1). In the grains and grain products group, 86.9 % of the samples had no residues detected, and there were no samples with violative residues. In the fish/shellfish/other aquatic products group, 94.1 % had no detectable residues, and there were no samples with violative residues. In the milk/dairy products/eggs group, all 21 samples analyzed had no detectable residues. In the "Other" foods group that covers nuts, seeds, honey, spices, and animal feeds among other foods, 93.1 % of the samples had no detectable residues and there were no samples with violative residues.
Findings by commodity group for the 4,252 import samples are shown in Figure 2. Fruits and vegetables accounted for 84.3 % of import samples. Overall for all imported foods, 94.9 % of the samples analyzed in FY 2005 were in compliance with EPA tolerances and FDA formal action levels. This compares with a compliance rate for imported foods for FYs 1996 to 2005 of 93.8 % to 98.4 %.
Appendix B contains detailed data on import samples. Of the 4,252 import samples analyzed, 66.6 % had no residues detected, while 5.1 % had violative residues. Imported fruits had 70.4% of samples with no residues detected and 3.6 % samples with violative residues. Imported vegetables had 60.4 % of samples with no residues detected and 5.4% samples with violative residues. No residues were found in 75.0 % of the imported milk/dairy products/eggs group and no violative residues were reported. No residues were found in 82.4 % of the imported fish/shellfish group and 3 violations (2.2 %) were found in this food group. In the imported grains and grain products group, 85.5% had no detectable residues, and 2.2 % of the samples had violative residues. In the "Other" foods group consisting largely of nuts, oils, spices, and dietary supplements, 82.4 % of the samples analyzed had no residues detected, while 10.1 % of the samples contained violative residues.
Figure 2 - Results of Import Samples by Commodity Group FY 2006
Group Sample Totals: Grains & Grain Products, 138; Milk/Dairy/Eggs, 20; Fish/Shellfish, 136; Fruit, 1136; Vegetables, 2447; Other Foods, 375.
Pesticide monitoring data collected under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in FY 2006 are available to the public as a computer database. This database summarizes FDA 2006 regulatory monitoring coverage and findings by country/commodity/pesticide combination. The database also includes monitoring data by individual sample from which the summary information was compiled. Information on how to obtain this database as well as those for 1992-2005 is provided in the "Acknowledgements" section of this report.
Domestic:A total of 1,260 domestic samples were collected in FY 2006 from 41 states and Puerto Rico. The largest numbers of samples are usually collected from those states that are the largest producers of fruits and vegetables, although California, often the state with the greatest number of samples, dropped to ninth in FY 2006. This was believed to be due to the re-direction of local FDA resources to respond to the outbreaks that occurred that year. Table 1 lists the numbers of domestic samples from each state, in descending order.
Note - for Table 1, domestic samples with no state recorded in the "Sample 2006" file were attributed through other documentation.
Oregon | 120 | Ohio | 40 | Pennsylvania | 15 | Connecticut | 4 |
Minnesota | 115 | Arizona | 34 | Delaware | 11 | Nebraska | 4 |
Louisiana | 110 | Washington | 30 | Massachusetts | 10 | New Hampshire | 4 |
New York | 104 | Nort Carolina | 28 | Kentucky | 8 | South Carolina | 4 |
Florida | 69 | New Jersey | 28 | North Dakota | 8 | Vermont | 2 |
Illinois | 68 | Iowa | 27 | Georgia | 7 | West Virginia | 2 |
Virginia | 66 | Indiana | 25 | Maine | 6 | Colorado | 1 |
Michigan | 65 | Kansas | 18 | Alaska | 5 | Arkansas | 1 |
California | 59 | Montana | 16 | Rhode Island | 5 | Maryland | 1 |
Missouri | 58 | Idaho | 15 | South Dakota | 5 | New Mexico | 1 |
Wisconsin | 49 |
Puerto Rico - 12 samples. States of Alabama, Hawaii, Mississippi, Nevada, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming, and the District of Columbia - no samples collected.
Note - for Table 1, 70 domestic samples with no state recorded in "Sample 2006" file were attributed through other data as: Oregon 30; Illinois 8; Missouri 8; Virginia 8; Kansas 5; Pennsylvania 5; Kentucky 3; and California, Colorado, Indiana 1 each.
Imports: A total of 4,252 samples representing food shipments from 85 countries (excluding U.S. goods sampled in import status) were collected in FY 2006. Table 2 lists the number of samples collected from each country. Mexico, as in the past, was the source of the largest number of samples, reflecting the volume and diversity of commodities imported from that country, especially during the winter months. Table 2A lists the countries of origin that had ten or fewer samples collected in FY 2006.
Mexico | 1936 | Iran | 26 |
China, Peoples Rep. | 394 | Vietnam | 26 |
Canada | 343 | France | 22 |
Dominican Republic | 204 | Poland | 22 |
Chile | 129 | Australia | 19 |
Peru | 92 | Italy | 19 |
India | 80 | Greece | 18 |
Netherlands | 78 | Korea, Republic of (South) | 17 |
Guatemala | 74 | Egypt | 16 |
Ecuador | 71 | Israel | 16 |
Turkey | 49 | Jordan | 16 |
Costa Rica | 41 | Denmark | 15 |
Spain | 37 | South Africa | 13 |
New Zealand | 35 | Brazil | 12 |
Thailand | 34 | Colombia | 12 |
Argentina | 33 | Pakistan | 12 |
Lebanon | 31 | Germany, Fed Rep | 11 |
Syrian Arab Republic | 30 | Countries (48) w 10 or Fewer | 165 |
Taiwan, Republic of | 27 | Unspecified 1 | 51 |
Belgium | 26 |
1Note: Unspecified samples consisted primarily of U.S. Goods Returned (U.S. products originally exported and subsequently returned). An additional 10 samples reported as unspecified in Table "Sample 2006" were attributed to individual countries and are reflected in Tables 1 and 2.
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In FY 2006, 1,260 domestic and 4,252 import samples were collected and analyzed. Pesticide residues were detected in 31.2 % of the domestic samples and in 33.4 % of the import samples. Just 1.6 % of the domestic samples and 5.1 % of the import samples were found to contain violative residues. Among grains and grain products, the violation rate was zero for domestic samples and 2.2 % for imports. No violations were found in the milk/dairy products/eggs group for either domestic or import samples. No violations were found for the domestic fish/shellfish/other aquatic products group, and only 2.2 % for the import samples of this group. Of domestic fruit samples, 0.9 % contained violative residues while 3.6 % of imports did. For vegetables, 2.4% of domestic samples and 5.4 % of import samples contained violative residues. In the category "Other" (mostly nuts, edible seeds, honey, spices, and dietary supplements), the violation rates for domestic and import samples were zero and 5.1 %, respectively. As in FY 2005, ginseng and spices accounted for most of the samples with violative residues for the import "Other" foods group.
Of the domestic violative samples, two of the 19 violations (10.5 %) were for residues found to be over an established EPA tolerance or FDA formal action level. The balance, 17 or 89.5 %, were for residues found in foods with no established EPA tolerance. Of the import samples with violative residues, 8 of 217 violations (3.7 %), were for residues found to be over an established EPA tolerance of FDA formal action level. The balance of import violations, 209 or 96.3 %, were for residues found in foods with no established EPA tolerance.
Table 3 lists the 279 pesticides that were detectable by the methods used in FY 2006; each of the 135 pesticides that were actually found is indicated by an asterisk (*). Residues not previously looked for, or detected, are noted by a "+".
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1The list of pesticides detectable is expressed in terms of the parent pesticide. However, monitoring coverage and findings may have included metabolites, impurities, and alteration products.
2Some of these pesticides are no longer manufactured or registered for use in the United States.
3Chemicals indicated by a (+) were not looked for by methods used in previous years.
4Chemical was detectable by FDA methods, but does not appear in the downloadable CFSAN database files.
In FY 2006, 335 feed samples (264 domestic surveillance and 71 import) were analyzed for pesticides by the FDA (Table 4). Of the 264 domestic surveillance samples, 196 (74.2 %) contained no detectable pesticide residues, 66 (25.0 %) contained residues at levels not exceeding regulatory guidance, and 2 (0.8%) contained residues which exceeded regulatory guidance. Of the 71 import samples, 68 (95.8 %) contained no detectable pesticide residues, 3 (4.2 %) contained residues at levels not exceeding regulatory guidance, and 0 (0.0 %) contained a residue which exceeded regulatory guidance.
During FY 2006, 2 domestic surveillance samples of animal feed contained 2 residues that likely exceeded regulatory guidance. A vitamin premix sample collected by the New England District Office and manufactured in Canada contained 82,070 ppm of ethoxyquin. If this domestic import sample were added at ≥ 3.66 pounds per ton of a complete ration, then the complete ration would be expected to contain > 150 ppm of ethoxyquin (82,070 ppm x 3.66/2000 = 150.2 ppm). Levels above 150 ppm would exceed the feed additive tolerance for ethoxyquin in animal feed that was established by the FDA in 21 CFR 573.380.
In addition, a sample of tallow collected by the Chicago District Office contained 0.069 ppm of o-phenylphenol. Although the EPA has established tolerances ranging from 5 to 125 ppm on 22 different commodities for this fungicide in 40 CFR 180.129, no tolerances have been established for o-phenylphenol in animal fat.
In the 68 domestic surveillance and 3 import samples of animal feed in which one or more pesticides were detected, there were 99 residues (82 quantifiable and 17 trace). Malathion and ethoxyquin were the most frequently found and accounted for 60.6% of all residues detected (Table 5).
Type of Feed | Number of Samples |
Samples with No Pesticide Residues |
Samples Exceeding Regulatory Guidance | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | % | # | % | ||
Whole/Ground Grains | 138 | 122 | 88.4 | 0 | 0.0 |
Plant By-products | 92 | 71 | 77.2 | 0 | 0.0 |
Mixed Feed Rations | 66 | 41 | 62.1 | 0 | 0.0 |
Animal By-products | 14 | 8 | 57.1 | 1 | 7.1 |
Supplements/Misc. | 14 | 12 | 85.7 | 1 | 7.7 |
Hay & Hay Products | 11 | 10 | 90.9 | 0 | 0.0 |
TOTALS | 335 | 264 | (78.8) | 2 | (0.6) |
Pesticide | Number of Samples with | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Trace1 Amounts |
Quantifiable Levels |
Range2 (ppm) |
Median2 (ppm) | |
Malathion | 2 | 41 | 0.012 - 2.29 | 0.073 |
Ethoxyquin3 | 1 | 16 | 0.015 - 82,070 | 0.099 |
Chlorpyrifos-methyl | 2 | 4 | 0.016 - 1.16 | 0.111 |
Diazinon | 0 | 5 | 0.013 - 0.064 | 0.020 |
DEF | 0 | 3 | 0.069 - 2.33 | 1.50 |
Chlorpyrifos | 1 | 2 | 0.028 - 6.00 | |
DDE+TDE+DDT | 1 | 2 | 0.052 - 0.43 | |
Permethrin (cis+trans) | 1 | 2 | 0.019 - 0.98 | |
Pirimiphos-methyl | 1 | 1 | 0.008 | |
Methoxychlor (p,p′+o,p′) | 2 | 0 | ||
All others4 | 6 | 6 | 0.028 - 0.39 | 0.070 |
1 The residue found is below that normally quantifiable, but its presence and identity are known.
2 In samples containing quantifiable levels.
3 Ethoxyquin is approved as a pesticide (plant regulator) at levels up to 3 ppm in 40 CFR 180.178. Ethoxyquin is also a feed additive (anti-oxidant) that is approved at levels up to 150 ppm in a finished article (21 CFR 573.380).
4 N=1 for 2,6 DIPN (trace), azoxystrobin (trace), bitertanol (trace), cyprodinil (.063), diniconazole (trace), endosulfan I (.028 ppm), fenpropathrin (.39), o-phenylphenol (.069 ppm), piperonyl butoxide (.086 ppm), tetraconazole (trace), trifluralin (.071 ppm) and vinclozolin (trace).
As previously described, FDA conducts "focused sampling" by means of short-term, regulatory based, field assignments. In FY 2006, there was one pesticide-related field assignment issued and it was "Sample Collection and Analysis of Imported Dietary Supplement and Botanical Products for Pesticides and Toxic Elements." Samples of imported dietary supplement products, including Ginkgo, Garcinia cambogia, Angelica, Kava kava, and St John's wort were to be collected. Sampling districts were also asked to continue collection of Citrus aurantium, Milk thistle, Echinacea, and Saw palmetto from a FY 2004 assignment to obtain additional samples of these products. The supplement products to be collected were to be in bulk dried, powdered, or ground forms, or bulk finished dosage form supplements such as capsules and tablets.
Results: Eighty-seven samples were collected and analyzed and consisted of Angelica (19 samples), Milk thistle (18), St. John's wort (13, Ginkgo (13), Kava kava (10), Echinacea (7), Garcinia cambogia (4), Citrus aurantium (2), and Saw palmetto (1). Two samples were found to contain violative pesticide residues - a sample of St. John's wort extract from Canada for permethrin and a sample of Echinacea tablets from Australia for dieldrin and p,p' DDT. Detailed results for these samples can be found in the Access database tables provided on FDA's internet website (see "Acknowledgments" section). The tables accompany this FY 2006 narrative report on the web.
Of the over 300 chemicals that can be determined for the analytical methods used, residues of 112 individual compounds were found in the foods analyzed in the four market baskets reported here for FY 2006 (Market Baskets 05-4, 06-1, 06-2, and 06-3). The 112 individual compounds detected consisted of 84 parent pesticides of which 32 had one or more related compounds (e.g., isomers, metabolites) detected as well.
Table 6 lists the 25 most frequently found residues in the TDS foods other than baby foods (those found in 2% or more of the samples), the total number of findings, and the percent occurrence in the four market baskets analyzed in FY 2006 (916 total samples). The five most frequently observed chemicals were: DDT, malathion, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and dieldrin, and are the same as those observed for the past several years. The levels of these and other residues listed in Table 6 were typically below regulatory limits.
Pesticide2 | Total No. of Findings | Occurrence, % | Range, ppm |
---|---|---|---|
DDT | 232 | 25 | 0.0001 - 0.109 |
Endosulfan | 147 | 16 | 0.0001 - 0.0756 |
Malathion | 147 | 16 | 0.0002 - 0.069 |
Chlorpyrifos methyl | 136 | 15 | 0.0001 - 0.028 |
Dieldrin | 122 | 13 | 0.0001 - 0.022 |
Chlorpyrifos | 68 | 7 | 0.0001 - 0.044 |
Permethrin | 62 | 7 | 0.0003 - 1.796 |
Chlorpropham | 54 | 6 | 0.0005 - 1.513 |
Thiabendazole3 | 46 | 5 | 0.001 - 0.508 |
Carbaryl4 | 45 | 5 | 0.001 - 0.217 |
Quintozene | 25 | 3 | 0.0001 - 0.0149 |
Cypermethrin | 23 | 3 | 0.001 - 0.169 |
Lindane | 21 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.0007 |
Dicamba5 | 21 | 2 | 0.0003 - 0.011 |
Phenylphenol, o- | 20 | 2 | 0.005 - 0.754 |
Methamidophos | 20 | 2 | 0.0009 - 0.092 |
Captan | 19 | 2 | 0.0003 - 1.818 |
Acephate | 19 | 2 | 0.001 - 0.436 |
Heptachlor | 19 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.002 |
Hexachlorobenzene | 18 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.0006 |
Dicofol | 17 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.006 |
Pirimiphos methyl | 17 | 2 | 0.0009 - 0.525 |
Clopyralid5 | 16 | 2 | 0.0004 - 0.012 |
DCPA | 16 | 2 | 0.0002 - 0.007 |
Toxaphene | 15 | 2 | 0.0007 - 0.059 |
1 Based on 4 market baskets consisting of 916 total items.
2 Isomers, metabolites, and related compounds are included with the 'parent' pesticide
3 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 67 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 268 total items) were analyzed for Benzimidazole fungicides.
4Reflects overall incidence; however, only 82 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 328 total items) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamates.
5Reflects overall incidence; however, only 16 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 64 total items) were analyzed for Chlorophenoxy acids.
The TDS program also collects and analyzes infant and toddler foods. Table 7 provides the frequency of occurrence of the 25 pesticide residues found in 2% or more of these samples in the four collections of these foods (215 samples total) in FY 2006 and the ranges of levels found.
Pesticide2 | Total No. of Findings | Occurence, % | Range, ppm |
---|---|---|---|
Thiabendazole3 | 48 | 22 | 0.001 - 0.343 |
Endosulfan | 36 | 17 | 0.0001 - 0.0068 |
Carbaryl4 | 31 | 14 | 0.001 - 0.034 |
Phenylphenol, o- | 23 | 11 | 0.001 - 0.075 |
Chlorpropham | 22 | 10 | 0.0008 - 0.028 |
DDT | 21 | 10 | 0.0001 - 0.003 |
Chlorpyrifos | 21 | 10 | 0.0001 - 0.002 |
Permethrin | 20 | 9 | 0.0003 - 0.035 |
Dieldrin | 15 | 7 | 0.0001 - 0.0007 |
Chlorpyrifos methyl | 13 | 6 | 0.0002 - 0.022 |
Malathion | 13 | 6 | 0.001 - 0.058 |
Diphenylamine | 12 | 6 | 0.002 - 0.023 |
Benomyl3 | 12 | 6 | 0.010 - 0.042 |
Captan | 11 | 5 | 0.024 - 0.119 |
Dichloran | 7 | 3 | 0.0002 - 0.014 |
Quinclorac5 | 7 | 3 | 0.0005 - 0.001 |
Ethylenethiourea6 | 6 | 3 | 0.001 - 0.013 |
Lambda-cyhalothrin | 6 | 3 | 0.001 - 0.003 |
Cyprodinil | 6 | 3 | 0.001 - 0.127 |
Fenpropathrin | 5 | 2 | 0.005 - 0.020 |
Quintozene | 4 | 2 | 0.0001 - 0.002 |
Phosmet | 4 | 2 | 0.004 - 0.012 |
Piperonyl butoxide | 4 | 2 | 0.002 - 0.011 |
Methamidophos | 4 | 2 | 0.004 - 0.017 |
Fenvalerate | 4 | 2 | 0.003 - 0.013 |
1 Based on 4 market baskets consisting of 215 total items.
2 Isomers, metabolites, and related compounds are included with the 'parent' pesticide
3 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 35-36 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 142 total items) were analyzed for Benzimidazole fungicides.
4 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 35-36 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 142 total items) were analyzed for N-methylcarbamate pesticides.
5 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 6-7 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 27 total items) were analyzed for Chlorophenoxy acids.
6 Reflects overall incidence; however, only 29-30 selected foods per market basket (i.e. 119 total items) were analyzed for Ethylenethiourea.
A total of 5,512 samples of domestically produced food and imported food from 85 countries were analyzed for pesticide residues in FY 2006. No residues were found in 68.8 % of domestic and in 66.6 % of import samples (Figure 3) analyzed under FDA's regulatory monitoring approach in FY 2006. Only 1.6 % of domestic and 5.1 % of import samples had residue levels that were violative. The findings for FY 2006 demonstrate that pesticide residue levels in foods are generally well below EPA tolerances, corroborating results presented in earlier reports (6).
FDA also collected and analyzed 264 domestic and 71 import animal feed samples for pesticides. No residues were found in 74.2 % of the domestic feed samples and in 95.8 % of the import feed samples.
Figure 3 - Summary of Results of Domestic vs. Import Samples for FY 2006
In FY 2006, the types of pesticide residues found and their frequency of occurrence in TDS were generally consistent with those given in previous FDA reports. The pesticide residue levels found were well below regulatory standards. Results of baby foods tested in FY 2006 (and earlier years) also provide evidence of only small amounts of pesticide residues in these foods.
Commodity Group | Total Samples Analyzed |
Samples With No Residues % |
Samples Violative1 % |
Violations Over Tolerance # |
Violations No Tolerance # | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Grains and Grain Products |
Barley & barley products | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Corn & corn products | 52 | 94.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oats & oat products | 5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Rice & rice products | 13 | 69.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soybeans & soybean products | 14 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Wheat & wheat products | 62 | 79.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other grains & grain products | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breakfast cereals | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bakery products, crackers, etc. | 6 | 83.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Snack Foods | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 160 | 86.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
Cheese & cheese products | 13 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eggs | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Milk/cream & milk products | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 21 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
C. Fish/Shellfish/Other Aquatic Products |
Fish and Fish Products | 13 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Shellfish & Crustaceans | 17 | 94.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Aquaculture Seafood | 4 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 34 | 94.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
D. Fruits | Blackberries | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Blueberries | 16 | 81.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Boysenberries | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cranberries | 16 | 62.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grapes, raisins | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Raspberries | 4 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Strawberries | 38 | 44.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grapefruit | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lemons | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oranges | 21 | 42.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other citrus fruit | 4 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apples | 123 | 34.1 | 0.8 | 0 | 1 | |
Pears | 15 | 46.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other core fruit | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apricots | 1 | 0.0 | 100 | 0 | 1 | |
Avocadoes | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cherries | 6 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nectarines | 6 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Peaches | 48 | 20.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Plums | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Olives | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bananas, plantains | 5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cantaloupe | 4 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Watermelon | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other melons | 3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruits | 7 | 57.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apple juice | 10 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Orange juice | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruit juices | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fruit jams/jellies/pastes/toppings | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 344 | 44.2 | 0.9 | 0 | 3 | |
E. Vegetables | Corn | 44 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) | 20 | 90.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 2 | |
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) | 34 | 73.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bean & Pea Sprouts | 3 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other beans & peas & products | 64 | 92.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cucumbers | 25 | 80.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Eggplant | 7 | 85.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Okra | 5 | 80.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Peppers, hot | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peppers, sweet | 15 | 73.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Squash/pumpkins | 58 | 67.2 | 3.4 | 12 | 1 | |
Tomatoes | 44 | 79.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruiting vegetables | 4 | 25.0 | 75.0 | 0 | 3 | |
Asparagus | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage | 2 | 0.0 | 50.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Broccoli | 9 | 88.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cabbage | 22 | 77.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cauliflower | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Celery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Collards | 4 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Endive | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kale | 4 | 50.0 | 1 | 12 | 0 | |
Lettuce, head | 7 | 85.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lettuce, leaf | 37 | 43.2 | 2.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Mustard greens | 3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spinach | 12 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other leaf & stem vegetables | 18 | 66.7 | 5.6 | 0 | 1 | |
Mushrooms and Truffles | 13 | 84.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Carrots | 9 | 55.6 | 22.9 | 0 | 2 | |
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots | 20 | 85.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Potatoes | 86 | 61.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Radishes | 5 | 0.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Red beets | 13 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 0 | 1 | |
Sweet potatoes | 15 | 86.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Turnips | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other root & tuber vegetables | 30 | 70.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Vegetables, dried or paste | 20 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other vegetables/vegetable products | 13 | 84.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 672 | 73.8 | 2.4 | 2 | 14 | |
F. Other | Almonds | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Beverages & water | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ginseng (including teas) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Beet Sugar | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peanuts | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pecans | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spices, condiments, & flavors | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other nuts, edible seeds | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Baby/Infant Foods | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Multiple foods (dinners, soup) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nonfood items (animal feed) | 3 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 29 | 93.1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total A-F | 1260 | 68.8 | 1.6 | 2 | 17 |
1 Includes samples with residues over an established tolerance or action level, and samples with residues that have no established tolerance for the commodity.
2 Sample contained both a residue over an established tolerance or action level and a residue that has no established tolerance for the commodity.
Commodity Group | Total Samples Analyzed |
Samples Without Residues (%) |
Samples Violative1 (%) |
Violations Over Tolerance # |
Violations No Tolerance # | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. Grains and Grain Products |
Barley & barley products | 9 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Corn & corn products | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oats & oat products | 12 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Rice & rice products | 25 | 72.0 | 12.0 | 0 | 3 | |
Wheat & wheat products | 21 | 90.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other grains & grain products | 21 | 76.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breakfast cereals | 8 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bakery products, crackers, etc. | 23 | 82.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pasta and noodles | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Snack foods | 7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 138 | 85.5 | 2.2 | 0 | 3 | |
B. Milk/Dairy Products/Eggs |
Cheese & cheese products | 4 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Eggs (includes duck & quail) | 7 | 57.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Milk/cream & milk products | 9 | 88.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 20 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
C. Fish/Shellfish/Other Aquatic Products |
Fish and Fish Products | 107 | 86.9 | 2.8 | 0 | 3 |
Shellfish & Crustaceans | 5 | 40.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other Aquatic Animals & Products | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Aquaculture Seafood | 23 | 73.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 136 | 82.4 | 2.2 | 0 | 3 | |
D. Fruits | Blackberries | 50 | 56.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 5 |
Blueberries | 33 | 75.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cranberries | 7 | 71.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Grapes, raisins | 24 | 33.3 | 4.2 | 0 | 1 | |
Raspberries | 41 | 58.5 | 2.4 | 0 | 1 | |
Strawberries | 105 | 56.2 | 1.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Other berries | 9 | 44.4 | 22.2 | 0 | 2 | |
Clementines | 6 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 0 | 2 | |
Grapefruit | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lemons | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Limes | 6 | 66.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oranges | 10 | 30.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other citrus fruit | 2 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apples | 31 | 22.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Pears | 28 | 75.0 | 3.6 | 0 | 1 | |
Other pome fruit | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apricots | 8 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Avocadoes | 17 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cherries | 17 | 52.9 | 11.8 | 0 | 2 | |
Dates | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Nectarines | 4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Olives | 17 | 88.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peaches | 21 | 71.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Plums/Prunes | 10 | 30.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other pit fruit | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Ackees, lychees, longans | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bananas, plantains | 24 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Breadfruit, jackfruit | 9 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Figs | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Guavas | 4 | 75.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kiwi fruit | 5 | 80.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mangoes | 24 | 83.3 | 8.3 | 0 | 2 | |
Papaya | 67 | 44.8 | 11.9 | 1 | 7 | |
Pineapple | 33 | 45.5 | 3.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Pepinos | 37 | 56.8 | 10.8 | 0 | 4 | |
Other sub-tropical fruit | 10 | 80.0 | 10.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Bitter melon | 26 | 73.1 | 15.4 | 0 | 4 | |
Cantaloupe | 4 | 25.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Honeydew | 5 | 40.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Watermelon | 5 | 80.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other melons | 5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Apple juice | 52 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Citrus juice | 38 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Subtropical juice/milk/drink/nectar | 60 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other fruit juices | 71 | 93.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Fruit jams/jellies/pastes/toppings | 174 | 83.9 | 1.7 | 0 | 3 | |
Other fruits and fruit products | 18 | 77.8 | 16.7 | 0 | 3 | |
Total | 1136 | 70.4 | 3.6 | 1 | 40 | |
E. Vegetables | Corn | 15 | 93.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bean sprouts and seeds | 5 | 80.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Peas (green/snow/sugar/sweet) | 91 | 63.7 | 12.1 | 0 | 11 | |
Kidney beans | 14 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mung beans | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Soybeans | 11 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
String beans (green/snap/pole/long) | 97 | 56.7 | 6.2 | 0 | 6 | |
Other beans & peas & products incl dried/paste | 166 | 84.9 | 3.0 | 0 | 5 | |
Cucumbers | 108 | 44.4 | 2.8 | 0 | 3 | |
Eggplant | 31 | 90.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Okra | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peppers, hot | 501 | 45.3 | 7.2 | 1 | 35 | |
Peppers, sweet | 160 | 45.0 | 5.0 | 0 | 8 | |
Squash/pumpkins | 190 | 48.4 | 1.1 | 0 | 2 | |
Tomatoes/Tomatillos | 189 | 61.4 | 2.6 | 0 | 5 | |
Choyote | 24 | 79.2 | 4.2 | 0 | 1 | |
Other fruiting vegetables | 49 | 71.4 | 10.2 | 0 | 5 | |
Artichokes | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Asparagus | 37 | 89.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bamboo shoots | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Bok choy & Chinese cabbage | 12 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 1 | 0 | |
Broccoli | 43 | 79.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cabbage | 16 | 81.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Cauliflower | 10 | 80.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Celery | 14 | 57.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Collards | 1 | 0.0 | 100 | 12 | 0 | |
Endive | 7 | 85.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Kale | 4 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Lettuce, head | 20 | 70.0 | 5.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Lettuce, leaf | 7 | 42.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Mustard greens | 7 | 42.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Radicchio | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spinach | 25 | 68.0 | 4.0 | 0 | 1 | |
Other leaf & stem vegetables | 131 | 74.0 | 7.6 | 0 | 10 | |
Mushrooms and Truffles | 23 | 91.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Carrots | 42 | 78.6 | 2.4 | 0 | 1 | |
Cassava | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Onions/leeks/scallions/shallots | 120 | 62.5 | 2.5 | 0 | 3 | |
Potatoes | 25 | 60.0 | 8.0 | 0 | 2 | |
Radishes | 14 | 35.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Red beets | 14 | 35.7 | 21.4 | 0 | 3 | |
Sweet potatoes | 6 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Taro | 15 | 80.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Turnips | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Water chestnuts | 7 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other root & tuber vegetables | 29 | 75.9 | 3.4 | 0 | 1 | |
Vegetables with sauce | 9 | 88.9 | 11.1 | 0 | 1 | |
Other vegetables, dried or paste | 113 | 54.0 | 19.5 | 2 2 | 20 | |
Other vegetables/vegetable products | 12 | 83.3 | 16.7 | 0 | 2 | |
Total | 2447 | 60.4 | 5.4 | 5 | 127 | |
F. Other | Cashews | 12 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Coconut & coconut products | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Peanuts & peanut products | 5 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Other nuts & nut products | 26 | 92.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Edible seeds & seed products | 30 | 83.3 | 6.7 | 0 | 2 | |
Vegetable oil, crude | 3 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Vegetable oil, refined | 17 | 94.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Oil Seed Stock | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Spices & condiments & flavors | 36 | 52.8 | 38.9 | 0 | 143 | |
Beverages & water | 6 | 83.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Beverage bases | 9 | 77.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Coffee/tea/wine | 17 | 94.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Candy, chocolate, cocoa products | 20 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Honey & other sweeteners | 26 | 92.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Baby foods/formula | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Dietary supplements | 145 | 79.3 | 14.5 | 2 2 | 19 | |
Other food products, incl. prepared foods | 16 | 68.8 | 6.2 | 0 | 1 | |
Nonfood items | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 375 | 82.4 | 10.1 | 2 | 36 | |
Totals A-F | 4252 | 66.6 | 5.1 | 8 | 209 |
1 Includes samples with residues over an established tolerance or action level, and samples with residues that have no established tolerance for the commodity.
2 Sample contained both residues with no tolerance and residues over tolerance.
3 Includes 12 paprika samples from a single country.
FDA Pesticide Program Residue Monitoring 2004-2006 June 1, 2008