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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Antimony & Compounds (as Sb) |
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General Description
Synonyms: Varies depending upon specific compound
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0230
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7440-36-0
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: CC4025000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1549 157 (inorganic compounds, n.o.s.); 2871 170 (powder); 3141 157 (inorganic liquid compounds, n.o.s.)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Antimony: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.5 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 2B - Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans (Listed under Antimony Trioxide)
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) carcinogenic classification: Group A2 - Suspected Human Carcinogen (Listed under Antimony trioxide production)
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 50 mg/m3
Potential symptoms: Eye, skin, nose, throat, mouth irritation; ulceration of nasal septum and larynx; dermatitis (antimony spots); cough; dizziness; seizures; headache; anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; stomach cramps; insomnia; inability to smell properly; cardiovascular disturbances (QT interval prolongation with trisulfide and medical salts); pulmonary edema (acute pentachloride exposure), pharyngitis, tracheitis, pneumoconiosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; INGES ACUTE: Metallic taste; abdominal pain; burning sensation; bloody stools; slow shallow respiration, coma and death.
Health Effects: Chronic (Cumulative) toxicity---Cumulative heart and lung damage (HE3).
Affected organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, cardiovascular system
Note: Antimony potassium tartrate was used to treat the parasitic disease leishmaniasis, but has largely been replaced by the less toxic antimonials, sodium stibogluconate (sodium antimony gluconate; Pentostam) and meglumine antimonate (Glucantime).
Date Last Revised: 05/11/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Antimony
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Antimony.
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Antimony Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- Blum, J., Desjeux, P., Schwartz, E., Beck, B. and Hatz, C.: Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis among travellers. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 53(2): 158-166, 2004.
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Cutaneous leishmaniasis in U.S. military personnel - Southwest/Central Asia, 2002-2003. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 52(42): 1009-1012, 2003.
- Gallicchio, L., Fowler, B.A. and Madden, E.F.: Arsenic, antimony and bismuth (Chapter 36). In Patty's Toxicology, Fifth Edition, Vol. 2, E. Bingham, B. Cohrssen and C.H. Powell (eds.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001, pp. 747-800.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Antimony. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 218-221.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Mixed Cellulose Ester Filter (MCEF) 0.8 microns
maximum volume: 960 Liters minimum volume: 480 Liters maximum flow rate: 2.0 L/min
current analytical method: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy; AAS
current method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-121)
current method classification: Fully Validated
alternative analytical method: Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma; ICP/AES
alternative method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-125G & OSHA ID-206)
alternative method classification: Fully Validated
note: If the filter is not overloaded, samples may be collected up to an 8-hour period.
Wipe sampling: Yes, with Whatman smear tab Filter. SOLVENT: Distilled water
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