FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: FOR RELEASE:
Cheryl Abbot July 11, 2007
Regional Economist
(214) 767-6970
http://www.bls.gov/ro6/
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
DALLAS-FORT WORTH-ARLINGTON, TEXAS, MAY 2006
Workers in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area had an average (mean) hourly
wage of $19.20 during May 2006, compared with the nationwide average of $18.84, according to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. Regional Commissioner Stanley W.
Suchman noted that, after testing for statistical significance, wages in the local area were
higher than their respective national averages in 6 of the 22 major occupational groups and lower
in 7 others. In addition, when compared to the nationwide distribution, local employment was more
highly concentrated in 9 of the 22 occupational groups, while 11 groups had employment shares
significantly below their national representation. (See table A and box note at end of release.)
These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey, a federal-
state cooperative program between BLS and State Workforce Agencies, in this case the Texas
Workforce Commission. The OES survey provides estimates of employment and hourly and annual wages
for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups and up to 801 non-military detailed
occupations for the nation, states, and 409 metropolitan areas, including Dallas-Fort Worth-
Arlington, Texas.
Occupational wages in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington area
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paid occupational groups in the
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington area in May 2006, with those in management averaging $45.99 an hour
and those in legal occupations, $41.86. (See chart A and table A.) Nationwide, these were also
the two highest-paying groups, with earnings of $44.20 in management and $41.04 in legal
occupations. The average wage for workers in management in the Dallas area was significantly
above that for the nation. Locally, hourly wages varied widely within the management group.
Three occupations had hourly rates over $52.00 (chief executives; engineering managers; and
computer and information systems managers) and three had rates under $22.00 (property, real estate
and community association managers; funeral directors; and education administrators, preschool and
child care center/program managers). In the legal occupational grouping, lawyers were among the
highest paid at $58.57 an hour, while law clerks were at the lower end of the wage scale and
averaged $15.97 an hour. (Detailed occupational data are presented in table 1.)
Three occupational groups in the Dallas-Fort Worth area had pay levels clustered between
$30.00 and $34.00 per hour in May 2006; statistically, these wages were significantly above their
respective national averages. Computer and mathematical occupations averaged $34.04 an hour, and
architecture and engineering, $33.42. Healthcare practitioners and technical workers earned
$30.89. Within this healthcare grouping, wages varied widely. For example, family and general
practitioners ($78.77), and dentists, general ($78.96), were among the highest-paid occupations,
while pharmacy technicians ($13.67) and veterinary technologists and technicians ($11.47) were
among the lowest paid.
Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area, and measures of statistical significance, May 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employment share | Average (mean) hourly wage
(percent of total) |
----------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------
Dallas- Signifi- | Dallas- Signifi-
United Fort Worth- cant Diff-| United Fort Worth- cant Diff-
Major occupational group States Arlington erence (1)| States Arlington erence (1)
----------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------
Management 4.4% 5.1% Yes | $44.20 $45.99 Yes
Business & financial operations 4.4 4.9 Yes | 28.85 29.00 No
Computer and mathematical 2.3 3.4 Yes | 33.29 34.04 Yes
Architecture and engineering 1.8 2.3 Yes | 31.82 33.42 Yes
Life, physical, & social science 0.9 0.7 Yes | 28.68 28.60 No
Community and social services 1.3 0.6 Yes | 18.75 18.92 No
Legal 0.7 0.8 Yes | 41.04 41.86 No
Education, training, & library 6.2 5.5 Yes | 21.79 19.44 Yes
Arts, design, entertainment, |
sports, and media 1.3 1.3 No | 22.17 21.71 No
Healthcare practitioners and |
technical 5.1 4.1 Yes | 29.82 30.89 Yes
Healthcare support 2.6 1.8 Yes | 11.83 11.73 No
Protective service 2.3 2.0 Yes | 17.81 17.60 No
Food preparation and |
serving related 8.3 7.9 Yes | 8.86 8.14 Yes
Building and grounds cleaning |
and maintenance 3.3 2.7 Yes | 10.86 9.68 Yes
Personal care and service 2.5 2.2 Yes | 11.02 12.20 No
Sales and related 10.6 11.5 Yes | 16.52 18.02 Yes
Office & administrative support 17.4 19.2 Yes | 14.60 14.87 Yes
Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.3 0.1 Yes | 10.49 9.30 Yes
Construction and extraction 5.0 4.3 Yes | 18.89 14.80 Yes
Installation, maintenance, |
and repair 4.0 4.2 Yes | 18.78 18.32 Yes
Production 7.7 7.5 No | 14.65 13.58 Yes
Transportation & material moving 7.3 7.7 Yes | 14.16 14.41 No
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Statistical significance testing at the 90-percent confidence level.
Sales and related workers, at $18.02 per hour, registered significantly higher earnings
than their nationwide counterparts who averaged $16.52. Local pay levels within this group ranged
from $47.37 an hour for real estate brokers to $8.42 an hour for cashiers.
Construction and extraction workers in the Dallas-Fort Worth area earned $14.80 an hour,
which was significantly below the U.S. average of $18.89. In fact, the local wage was more than
20 percent below the national wage rate in this occupational group, giving construction and
extraction workers the largest negative pay differential in Dallas-Fort Worth.
Food preparation and serving related workers were the lowest-paid group locally at $8.14;
this wage was significantly below the national average of $8.86. Within this group in Dallas-Fort
Worth, chefs and head cooks were among the highest paid workers, earning $18.98 an hour, while
fast food cooks, earning $7.10, were at the lower end of the pay scale. Two other occupational
groups earned less than $10 an hour in Dallas-Fort Worth: building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance ($9.68); and farming, fishing, and forestry ($9.30). Wage levels for these two groups
fell below the respective U.S. averages of $10.86 and $10.49 an hour.
Chart A. Average hourly wages in the United States and the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington
metropolitan area by major occupational group
Occupational employment in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington area
Office and administrative support workers were the largest major occupational group in the
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area, with 538,040 workers representing 19.2 percent of
local employment. (See table A and chart B.) The local share for the office and administrative
support occupational group was notably higher than their representation in the national workforce
of 17.4 percent. Even so, this was the largest occupational group in the nation. In the Dallas-
Fort Worth area, customer service representatives (73,630); general office clerks (53,310);
executive secretaries and administrative assistants (42,080); and bookkeeping, accounting, and
auditing clerks (39,350) accounted for the largest number of workers in office and administrative
support.
Sales and related workers represented the second largest occupational group in the Dallas-
Fort Worth area with an 11.5-percent share of the local workforce, compared to a 10.6-percent
national share. The relatively low-paid positions of retail salespersons ($11.49) and cashiers
($8.42) accounted for one-half of local employment in this group, with 94,910 and 66,180 workers,
respectively. Wholesale and manufacturing sales representatives (except technical and scientific
products), with 41,300 workers, was another large occupation in the sales field, averaging $29.10
an hour.
Computer and mathematical occupations also had a local employment share above the national
average, accounting for 3.4 percent of area employment versus 2.3 percent nationally. Locally,
computer programmers (16,080) and computer systems analysts (15,840) made up one-third of this
group’s workers. Another highly technical group, architecture and engineering workers, also
demonstrated a stronger local presence with 2.3 percent of local employment compared to 1.8
percent nationwide.
Among the occupational groups with lower-than-average employment shares in the Dallas-Fort
Worth area were the two healthcare-related groups. Healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations represented 4.1 percent of local employment compared to 5.1 percent nationally.
Healthcare support jobs accounted for 1.8 percent of the Dallas-Fort Worth workforce versus 2.6
percent nationwide. The most prevalent detailed occupations in these groups were registered
nurses (38,740); nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants (20,370); and licensed practical and
vocational nurses (13,860).
The education, training, and library occupational group also had a lower concentration of
employment in Dallas-Fort Worth. Locally, the education, training, and library group made up 5.5
percent of the workforce compared to 6.2 percent nationally. Still, excluding special and
vocational education teachers, there were more than 70,000 elementary, middle, and secondary
school teachers employed in the Dallas-Fort Worth area in May 2006; an additional 18,100 were
employed as teacher assistants.
Chart B. Employment distribution in the United States and the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington
metropolitan area by major occupational group
------------------------------------------------
(1) The Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Collin,
Dallas, Delta, Denton, Ellis, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, Tarrant, and Wise
Counties, Texas. Dallas-Fort Worth, the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area, and other such
abbreviations, are used interchangeably to refer to the officially designated MSA.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| The OES wage and employment data for the 22 major occupational groups in the Dallas- |
|Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area were compared to their respective national averages |
|based on statistical significance testing. Only those occupations with wages or employment |
|shares above or below the national wage or share after testing for significance at the 90 |
|percent confidence level meet the criteria. NOTE: A value that is statistically different |
|from another does not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical |
|significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the ability to make confident |
|statements about a universe based on a sample. It is entirely possible that a large |
|difference |between two values is not significantly different statistically, while a small |
|difference is, |since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample affect the relative error |
|of the data being tested. |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail survey measuring
occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in
the United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are surveyed, but their data
are not included in this release. OES estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2
million establishments. Forms are mailed to approximately 200,000 establishments in May and
November of each year for a 3-year period. The nationwide response rate for the May 2006 survey
was 78.1 percent based on establishments and 73.4 percent based on employment. The survey
included establishments sampled in the May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, November 2004, May 2004,
and November 2003 semiannual panels. The sample in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan
area included 14,189 establishments with a response rate of 70 percent.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) occupational classification
system, the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-
required occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES survey categorizes
workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations. Together, these detailed occupations make up 23 major
occupational groups, 22 of which are covered in this release. The one exception is military
specific occupations which are not included in the OES survey.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Web site at http://www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For more
information about NAICS, see the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical support, while the State
Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of the data. BLS produces cross-industry and industry-
specific estimates for the nation, states, and metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Industry-
specific estimates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-digit, and selected 5-digit
industry levels. BLS releases all cross-industry and national estimates; the SWAs release
industry-specific estimates at the state and MSA levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe from which the OES survey
draws its sample. Employment benchmarks are obtained from reports submitted by employers to the
UI program. The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas and
industry. Samples selected in panels prior to May 2005 were stratified using MSA definitions
based on the 1990 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the May 2005 panel, the
sample was stratified using new MSA definitions based on the 2000 Metropolitan Statistical Area
standards.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an
occupation across the industries surveyed. The OES survey defines employment as the number of
workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations
or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers,
executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other
units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of
whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of premium pay. Base
rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including
commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are: back pay,
jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, employer
cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation is the total wages that all
workers in the occupation earn in an hour divided by the total employment of the occupation. To
calculate the mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted hourly wages are summed across
all intervals and divided by the occupation's weighted survey employment. The mean wage for each
interval is based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS Office of Compensation and
Working Conditions for the National Compensation Survey (NCS).
Annual Wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by their employers and may work
more than or less than 40 hours per week. Annual wage estimates for most occupations in this
release are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round, full-time" figure of
2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus, annual wage estimates may not represent the actual
annual pay received by the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours per year. Some
workers typically work less than fulltime, year round. For these occupations, the OES survey
collects and reports either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how the
occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example, teachers, flight attendants, and pilots
may be paid an annual salary, but do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this case, an
annual salary is reported. Other workers, such as entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates,
but generally do not work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage is
reported.
Hourly versus Annual Wage Reporting. For each occupation, respondents are asked to report
the number of employees paid within specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as
hourly rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is
calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of 2,080 hours. The
responding establishment can reference either the hourly or the annual rate for full-time workers,
but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-time workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments. The OES survey is designed
to produce estimates using six panels (3 years) of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million
establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of geography, industry, and
occupation.
Wage Updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by combining six
panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current
panel need no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to be updated to the
current panel’s reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust survey data from prior
panels before combining them with the current panel’s data. The wage updating procedure adjusts
each detailed occupation’s wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according to the average
movement of its broader occupational division. The procedure assumes that there are no major
differences by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the occupational division.
May 2006 OES survey estimates. The May 2006 OES survey estimates are based on all data
collected from establishments in the May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, November 2004, May 2004,
November 2003 semiannual samples.
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a sample survey are subject to two
types of error: sampling and nonsampling. Sampling error occurs when estimates are calculated
from a subset (that is, a sample) of the population instead of the full population. When a sample
of the population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimate of the characteristic of
interest may differ from the population value of that characteristic. Differences between the
sample estimate and the population value will vary depending on the sample selected. This
variability can be estimated by calculating the standard error (SE) of the sample estimate. If we
were to repeat the sampling and estimation process countless times using the same survey design,
approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding and subtracting 1.645 SEs from the
sample estimate would include the population value. These intervals are called 90-percent
confidence intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative standard error (RSE) of
a sample estimate instead of its SE to measure sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a
sample estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This statistic provides the user with a
measure of the relative precision of the sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both
occupational employment and mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment RSEs are calculated
using a subsample, random group replication technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs
are calculated using a variance components model that accounts for both the observed and
unobserved components of the wage data. The variances of the unobserved components are estimated
using wage data from the BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on many
establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few establishments. If the distributional
assumptions of the models are violated, the resulting confidence intervals may not reflect the
prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of which are directly connected to
sampling. Examples of nonsampling error include: nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the
respondent, mistakes made in entering collected data into the database, and mistakes made in
editing and processing the collected data.
Additional information
The May 2006 OES national data by occupation, comparable to data in table 1, are available
on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/oes. Users also may access each occupation's definition
and percentile wages. The May 2006 cross-industry data for states and metropolitan areas are also
available on the BLS Web site, as are the industry staffing patterns at the sector, 3-, 4-, and
selected 5-digit NAICS levels. These data include industry-specific occupational employment and
wage data. A more detailed technical note for OES is available at
http://www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.tn.htm.
OES data are available on our regional web page at http://www.bls.gov/ro6/. If you
have additional questions, contact the BLS Southwest Economic Analysis and Information Unit at
214-767-6970. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals
upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone number:
1-800-877-8339.
=================================================================================================
Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey,
by occupation, Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX, Metropolitan Statistical Area, May 2006
=================================================================================================
Median
Mean wages hourly
Occupation Employment Hourly Annual(1) wages
=================================================================================================
All occupations 2,808,880 $19.20 $39,930 $14.54
Management occupations 142,910 45.99 95,660 40.06
Chief executives 4,670 78.93 164,170 (2)
General and operations managers 50,660 51.36 106,830 43.97
Legislators 140 (3) 21,100 (3)
Advertising and promotions managers 770 48.30 100,470 41.15
Marketing managers 3,840 51.73 107,600 48.03
Sales managers 8,580 50.27 104,570 45.69
Public relations managers 680 45.33 94,280 42.33
Administrative services managers 7,580 37.53 78,070 35.29
Computer and information systems managers 6,190 52.60 109,400 50.94
Financial managers 9,730 50.26 104,530 45.83
Compensation and benefits managers 1,210 45.99 95,650 43.34
Training and development managers 550 44.19 91,920 41.33
Human resources managers, all other 650 51.85 107,860 49.14
Industrial production managers 3,790 46.51 96,740 42.66
Purchasing managers 1,470 47.14 98,050 44.49
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 2,660 36.37 75,660 33.53
Construction managers 6,980 30.37 63,170 29.29
Education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program 980 17.43 36,260 16.09
Education administrators, elementary and secondary
school 4,230 (3) 68,190 (3)
Education administrators, postsecondary 690 45.40 94,440 38.02
Education administrators, all other 450 24.89 51,780 22.47
Engineering managers 4,500 57.24 119,050 55.15
Food service managers 4,840 26.90 55,940 24.04
Funeral directors 280 21.28 44,260 19.95
Lodging managers 590 26.45 55,020 23.36
Medical and health services managers 4,910 36.84 76,620 32.41
Natural sciences managers 400 51.57 107,270 50.57
Postmasters and mail superintendents 130 31.83 66,200 32.16
Property, real estate, and community association
managers 5,920 21.44 44,590 18.48
Social and community service managers 1,060 26.86 55,870 24.52
Managers, all other 3,730 44.36 92,260 42.24
Business and financial operations occupations 138,230 29.00 60,330 26.19
Agents and business managers of artists, performers,
and athletes 90 19.04 39,600 13.75
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 110 30.98 64,440 30.31
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 3,780 27.85 57,920 24.60
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm
products 5,800 25.82 53,710 24.04
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 7,120 25.66 53,380 24.65
Insurance appraisers, auto damage (4) 22.57 46,940 22.45
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation 4,700 23.93 49,770 22.11
Cost estimators 5,180 26.69 55,510 25.48
Emergency management specialists 50 27.40 56,990 27.69
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 5,970 22.51 46,830 19.80
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 2,630 25.94 53,960 24.70
Training and development specialists 5,170 25.20 52,410 23.63
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists, all other 5,930 27.46 57,110 25.58
Logisticians 1,890 28.68 59,660 26.67
Management analysts 9,640 35.39 73,610 31.93
Meeting and convention planners 1,230 23.93 49,770 21.40
Business operations specialists, all other 20,650 29.81 62,000 28.05
Accountants and auditors 26,830 29.32 60,980 26.80
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 1,390 33.91 70,530 32.72
Budget analysts 1,030 29.16 60,650 28.48
Credit analysts 2,080 29.18 60,690 25.72
Financial analysts 6,480 38.07 79,180 31.10
Personal financial advisors 2,680 39.83 82,840 33.48
Insurance underwriters 2,380 26.09 54,260 24.70
Financial examiners 730 39.52 82,200 38.54
Loan counselors 1,370 20.00 41,600 16.10
Loan officers 7,710 33.69 70,080 28.34
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 850 29.14 60,620 28.99
Tax preparers 2,640 14.26 29,660 12.01
Financial specialists, all other (4) 29.16 60,640 25.01
Computer and mathematical occupations 95,880 34.04 70,810 33.49
Computer and information scientists, research 250 39.16 81,450 34.32
Computer programmers 16,080 35.97 74,820 35.37
Computer software engineers, applications 12,540 37.54 78,090 37.32
Computer software engineers, systems software 14,570 41.49 86,310 42.23
Computer support specialists 14,480 21.17 44,040 20.00
Computer systems analysts 15,840 36.09 75,070 36.25
Database administrators 4,000 33.88 70,470 33.06
Network and computer systems administrators 8,080 31.90 66,350 30.68
Network systems and data communications analysts 5,050 33.81 70,330 32.60
Computer specialists, all other 2,250 29.37 61,090 28.41
Actuaries 520 42.96 89,360 45.25
Operations research analysts (4) 31.10 64,690 29.88
Statisticians 150 36.79 76,530 39.66
Architecture and engineering occupations 63,870 33.42 69,520 31.95
Architects, except landscape and naval 3,330 33.62 69,940 31.59
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 90 27.49 57,180 27.18
Surveyors 1,130 (5) (5) (5)
Aerospace engineers 3,260 42.52 88,440 42.64
Biomedical engineers (4) 33.19 69,040 31.24
Chemical engineers 540 32.84 68,310 30.01
Civil engineers 4,710 34.08 70,890 31.83
Computer hardware engineers 1,560 46.64 97,020 47.33
Electrical engineers 5,280 39.96 83,110 39.85
Electronics engineers, except computer 5,790 41.70 86,740 40.96
Environmental engineers (4) 36.48 75,880 37.00
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety
engineers and inspectors 320 31.10 64,700 29.96
Industrial engineers 4,250 34.83 72,450 34.49
Materials engineers (4) 40.29 83,790 39.01
Mechanical engineers 4,320 38.49 80,070 37.41
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety
engineers 390 35.94 74,760 34.04
Petroleum engineers 1,090 50.77 105,600 49.38
Engineers, all other 1,560 40.54 84,320 40.66
Architectural and civil drafters 2,270 22.34 46,460 21.42
Electrical and electronics drafters 900 26.52 55,160 23.49
Mechanical drafters 2,360 22.51 46,810 21.24
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians 670 28.50 59,290 28.51
Civil engineering technicians 2,300 18.07 37,580 17.11
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 6,440 26.64 55,410 26.30
Electro-mechanical technicians 490 23.70 49,300 22.50
Environmental engineering technicians 180 22.48 46,760 18.03
Industrial engineering technicians (4) 33.35 69,370 31.02
Mechanical engineering technicians (4) 28.44 59,160 28.91
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 880 21.64 45,010 21.37
Surveying and mapping technicians 1,740 15.57 32,390 14.81
Life, physical, and social science occupations 20,470 28.60 59,500 25.30
Animal scientists (4) 20.79 43,230 19.36
Food scientists and technologists 140 32.37 67,330 33.26
Biochemists and biophysicists 50 42.81 89,050 36.80
Microbiologists 40 25.00 52,000 21.88
Zoologists and wildlife biologists (4) 26.04 54,150 24.42
Biological scientists, all other (4) 30.50 63,430 29.80
Conservation scientists 30 26.83 55,810 27.74
Epidemiologists 40 22.60 47,010 21.96
Life scientists, all other 50 22.43 46,660 18.85
Physicists 60 56.54 117,600 48.79
Atmospheric and space scientists 390 36.85 76,640 38.14
Chemists 870 27.22 56,610 27.00
Materials scientists (4) 35.44 73,710 35.13
Environmental scientists and specialists, including
health 780 33.93 70,580 30.63
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 1,170 40.52 84,280 40.97
Hydrologists 50 30.02 62,430 27.15
Physical scientists, all other 230 40.01 83,220 42.32
Economists 330 41.43 86,160 39.04
Market research analysts 6,850 31.35 65,200 28.85
Survey researchers (4) 22.04 45,840 18.29
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 820 25.19 52,390 25.09
Psychologists, all other 70 36.03 74,940 41.02
Urban and regional planners 380 26.63 55,400 24.80
Social scientists and related workers, all other 330 33.96 70,640 33.57
Agricultural and food science technicians (4) 15.03 31,260 15.02
Biological technicians 190 23.84 49,580 19.89
Chemical technicians 800 19.64 40,860 18.71
Geological and petroleum technicians 460 20.75 43,160 19.56
Social science research assistants 200 18.94 39,390 18.35
Environmental science and protection technicians,
including health 480 24.34 50,620 22.19
Forensic science technicians 370 20.97 43,630 20.55
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all
other (4) 16.47 34,250 14.20
Community and social services occupations 17,760 18.92 39,360 17.95
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 430 16.50 34,320 16.09
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 3,810 24.38 50,710 25.00
Mental health counselors 430 18.58 38,640 17.37
Rehabilitation counselors 790 15.86 32,990 15.95
Counselors, all other 1,030 26.52 55,170 26.40
Child, family, and school social workers 2,680 17.98 37,400 16.97
Medical and public health social workers 1,840 22.12 46,010 20.34
Mental health and substance abuse social workers (4) 14.59 30,340 14.13
Social workers, all other 410 17.66 36,730 14.53
Health educators 660 21.12 43,930 20.03
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists 1,460 15.85 32,980 16.02
Social and human service assistants 2,350 9.29 19,330 7.50
Community and social service specialists, all other 600 20.29 42,210 20.23
Clergy (4) 19.81 41,210 18.77
Directors, religious activities and education 90 16.35 34,010 13.17
Legal occupations 22,870 41.86 87,070 30.54
Lawyers 12,380 58.57 121,820 55.89
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing
officers 140 46.39 96,490 45.91
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators 80 25.06 52,130 20.65
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 440 39.77 82,720 43.38
Paralegals and legal assistants 5,220 22.10 45,970 21.19
Court reporters (4) 26.58 55,300 28.04
Law clerks 570 15.97 33,230 14.83
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 2,830 19.68 40,930 18.42
Legal support workers, all other (4) 19.70 40,970 18.14
Education, training, and library occupations 154,820 19.44 40,430 19.55
Business teachers, postsecondary 1,030 (3) 67,070 (3)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 700 (3) 60,880 (3)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 850 (3) 45,130 (3)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 390 (3) 89,630 (3)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 860 (3) 91,770 (3)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers,
postsecondary 350 (3) 81,160 (3)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 240 (3) 84,830 (3)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 170 (3) 69,380 (3)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 180 (3) 77,050 (3)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 210 (3) 55,000 (3)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 510 (3) 68,410 (3)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 350 (3) 48,990 (3)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 500 (3) 48,120 (3)
Education teachers, postsecondary 720 (3) 52,520 (3)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers,
postsecondary 180 (3) 53,520 (3)
Social work teachers, postsecondary (4) (3) 51,710 (3)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 1,170 (3) 51,800 (3)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 800 (3) 47,240 (3)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 780 (3) 43,180 (3)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 330 (3) 58,540 (3)
History teachers, postsecondary 370 (3) 49,700 (3)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 420 (3) 63,050 (3)
Graduate teaching assistants (4) (3) 26,430 (3)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary 230 (3) 62,800 (3)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 510 (3) 45,260 (3)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 3,030 16.64 34,600 15.39
Preschool teachers, except special education 9,310 10.08 20,960 8.92
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 2,810 (3) 43,130 (3)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 33,530 (3) 44,130 (3)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education 15,440 (3) 45,220 (3)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 260 (3) 46,880 (3)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education 22,710 (3) 43,980 (3)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 1,450 (3) 49,100 (3)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school 3,030 (3) 44,760 (3)
Special education teachers, middle school 1,410 (3) 44,570 (3)
Special education teachers, secondary school 1,380 (3) 45,360 (3)
Self-enrichment education teachers 4,550 16.73 34,800 13.83
Teachers and instructors, all other (4) (3) 21,280 (3)
Archivists 30 19.92 41,440 18.24
Curators 210 22.59 47,000 22.30
Museum technicians and conservators (4) 17.17 35,710 16.78
Librarians 2,610 23.10 48,060 22.92
Library technicians 1,090 12.43 25,860 12.46
Audio-visual collections specialists 230 24.47 50,900 25.19
Farm and home management advisors 40 13.39 27,840 10.95
Instructional coordinators 2,400 28.21 58,670 27.27
Teacher assistants 18,100 (3) 17,920 (3)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 50 20.95 43,580 19.98
Arts, design, entertainment,
sports, and media occupations 35,230 21.71 45,160 18.93
Art directors 790 34.69 72,160 30.27
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and
illustrators 70 20.36 42,340 23.76
Multi-media artists and animators 770 25.54 53,120 22.69
Artists and related workers, all other 30 22.46 46,720 21.37
Commercial and industrial designers 440 28.22 58,700 25.63
Fashion designers (4) 35.30 73,420 34.44
Floral designers 890 10.59 22,020 10.31
Graphic designers 3,620 21.95 45,660 20.06
Interior designers 1,660 20.89 43,440 19.51
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers (4) 13.48 28,030 10.99
Set and exhibit designers (4) 20.62 42,890 19.07
Designers, all other 30 24.15 50,240 23.46
Actors 170 12.64 (6) 7.55
Producers and directors 1,020 32.16 66,880 28.58
Athletes and sports competitors 650 (3) 57,380 (3)
Coaches and scouts 2,970 (3) 29,040 (3)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials (4) (3) 27,040 (3)
Dancers 240 10.03 (6) 7.96
Choreographers 490 18.16 37,780 17.92
Music directors and composers 50 23.25 48,360 11.70
Musicians and singers 570 18.79 (6) 14.09
Radio and television announcers 740 21.36 44,430 13.63
Public address system and other announcers 170 11.22 23,330 9.15
Broadcast news analysts 100 35.92 74,710 23.90
Reporters and correspondents 610 29.84 62,060 24.82
Public relations specialists 5,280 27.14 56,450 24.29
Editors 1,480 27.06 56,280 25.13
Technical writers 1,370 29.32 60,990 27.73
Writers and authors 710 27.30 56,780 26.86
Interpreters and translators 750 16.74 34,830 15.63
Audio and video equipment technicians 500 17.67 36,760 16.12
Broadcast technicians 610 14.82 30,820 11.23
Sound engineering technicians 250 23.47 48,820 16.23
Photographers 1,370 12.76 26,530 9.05
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 290 15.16 31,540 13.91
Film and video editors 430 30.94 64,360 24.63
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 130 32.23 67,040 33.88
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 116,110 30.89 64,250 24.97
Chiropractors 570 28.99 60,300 20.17
Dentists, general 1,630 78.96 164,230 (2)
Orthodontists 80 (2) (2) (2)
Dietitians and nutritionists 560 25.58 53,210 22.91
Optometrists 310 37.02 77,000 35.09
Pharmacists 4,660 47.61 99,020 49.09
Anesthesiologists 500 (2) (2) (2)
Family and general practitioners 2,060 78.77 163,850 (2)
Internists, general 280 87.18 181,340 (2)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 890 (2) (2) (2)
Pediatricians, general 900 85.85 178,560 (2)
Psychiatrists (4) 86.84 180,620 (2)
Surgeons 1,110 (2) (2) (2)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 2,750 87.60 182,210 (2)
Physician assistants 1,160 42.18 87,740 40.75
Podiatrists (4) 64.57 134,310 69.85
Registered nurses 38,740 28.37 59,010 27.46
Audiologists 100 28.49 59,270 27.93
Occupational therapists 1,820 33.02 68,690 31.98
Physical therapists 2,520 36.88 76,720 35.09
Radiation therapists 160 32.96 68,550 33.63
Recreational therapists 130 18.83 39,160 18.86
Respiratory therapists 1,530 22.79 47,400 22.26
Speech-language pathologists 2,420 27.49 57,180 25.35
Therapists, all other 80 24.10 50,130 23.09
Veterinarians 870 37.92 78,860 34.73
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 3,210 22.97 47,780 22.59
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 3,280 14.60 30,370 14.00
Dental hygienists 2,590 32.85 68,330 34.41
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 810 20.52 42,670 20.35
Diagnostic medical sonographers 810 29.97 62,330 29.77
Nuclear medicine technologists 350 30.47 63,370 30.37
Radiologic technologists and technicians 3,510 23.44 48,760 23.83
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 2,010 14.05 29,210 13.78
Dietetic technicians 340 10.80 22,450 10.07
Pharmacy technicians 5,660 13.67 28,420 13.58
Psychiatric technicians 190 12.40 25,800 12.57
Respiratory therapy technicians 540 19.27 40,070 19.35
Surgical technologists 1,440 17.64 36,690 17.75
Veterinary technologists and technicians 1,760 11.83 24,600 11.73
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 13,860 18.81 39,120 18.79
Medical records and health information technicians 2,370 14.00 29,120 12.90
Opticians, dispensing 1,430 14.48 30,110 13.31
Orthotists and prosthetists (4) 32.60 67,810 33.12
Health technologists and technicians, all other 1,600 15.76 32,780 14.53
Occupational health and safety specialists 650 27.92 58,060 27.20
Occupational health and safety technicians 200 18.57 38,630 19.10
Athletic trainers 880 (3) 39,660 (3)
Healthcare support occupations 51,450 11.73 24,390 10.94
Home health aides 7,650 9.55 19,860 9.34
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 20,370 10.39 21,610 10.23
Psychiatric aides 630 10.19 21,200 10.04
Occupational therapist assistants 490 23.14 48,120 23.33
Physical therapist assistants 770 23.51 48,910 22.77
Physical therapist aides 930 10.26 21,330 10.33
Massage therapists 810 13.96 29,030 13.71
Dental assistants 5,380 14.23 29,600 13.92
Medical assistants 9,200 12.87 26,770 12.62
Medical equipment preparers 860 12.94 26,920 12.23
Medical transcriptionists 790 16.74 34,820 16.74
Pharmacy aides 520 11.01 22,900 10.88
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 1,200 10.05 20,890 10.06
Healthcare support workers, all other 1,830 13.45 27,980 12.99
Protective service occupations 57,080 17.60 36,660 15.54
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers 100 26.04 54,160 26.77
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives (4) 36.16 75,220 36.15
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and
prevention workers 260 35.48 73,800 35.71
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service
workers, all other 840 22.38 46,540 18.63
Fire fighters 6,960 23.33 48,520 23.39
Fire inspectors and investigators 270 27.73 57,670 27.67
Bailiffs (4) 16.60 34,520 17.22
Correctional officers and jailers 4,470 14.95 31,090 14.16
Detectives and criminal investigators 1,460 28.20 58,660 25.82
Parking enforcement workers 140 12.52 26,050 12.74
Police and sheriff's patrol officers 13,340 24.00 49,910 23.71
Animal control workers 350 15.19 31,600 14.65
Private detectives and investigators 1,490 18.70 38,890 17.38
Security guards 23,030 12.19 25,360 10.54
Crossing guards 710 8.74 18,170 8.91
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational
protective service workers 2,210 7.87 16,370 7.79
Food preparation and serving related occupations 223,240 8.14 16,920 7.11
Chefs and head cooks 1,390 18.98 39,480 17.12
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers 20,960 12.81 26,650 11.71
Cooks, fast food 7,260 7.10 14,770 6.87
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 5,190 8.80 18,300 8.51
Cooks, restaurant 17,490 9.20 19,130 8.76
Cooks, short order 3,180 9.22 19,180 8.69
Cooks, all other (4) 8.87 18,450 8.48
Food preparation workers 7,700 8.44 17,560 8.21
Bartenders 6,040 8.02 16,680 6.77
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food 67,070 7.20 14,970 6.78
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and
coffee shop 9,280 8.14 16,930 7.21
Waiters and waitresses 48,430 7.20 14,970 6.54
Food servers, nonrestaurant 2,420 7.82 16,270 7.63
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender
helpers 8,660 6.89 14,330 6.66
Dishwashers 7,570 7.07 14,700 6.95
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 8,250 7.12 14,810 6.75
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other (4) 9.80 20,390 9.50
Building and grounds cleaning
and maintenance occupations 77,100 9.68 20,140 8.68
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and
janitorial workers 3,900 15.10 31,420 14.35
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers 2,480 16.64 34,610 15.63
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners 34,220 8.84 18,380 8.26
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 17,120 8.06 16,760 7.96
Building cleaning workers, all other 130 11.66 24,260 10.69
Pest control workers 1,020 17.59 36,590 17.06
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 17,350 9.99 20,780 9.23
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,
vegetation (4) 15.48 32,200 15.31
Tree trimmers and pruners (4) 11.42 23,760 10.47
Grounds maintenance workers, all other 200 (5) (5) (5)
Personal care and service occupations 61,280 12.20 25,380 8.41
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service
workers 2,300 16.18 33,650 15.10
Animal trainers 120 15.05 31,300 15.34
Nonfarm animal caretakers 2,440 9.35 19,440 8.47
Motion picture projectionists 140 7.45 15,490 6.91
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 3,110 7.97 16,570 7.06
Amusement and recreation attendants 5,070 8.37 17,410 7.35
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 340 9.07 18,870 8.56
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 1,810 9.00 18,720 8.36
Embalmers (4) 15.34 31,900 14.86
Funeral attendants 580 9.69 20,160 8.80
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 6,570 11.05 22,990 9.49
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 90 13.88 28,870 10.79
Manicurists and pedicurists 290 10.48 21,800 9.35
Shampooers 200 7.33 15,240 6.91
Skin care specialists 260 16.03 33,330 15.87
Baggage porters and bellhops 600 8.67 18,030 7.59
Concierges 690 12.03 25,020 11.69
Tour guides and escorts 310 11.91 24,770 10.80
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and
baggage porters 610 11.74 24,410 10.72
Child care workers 7,540 7.86 16,350 7.33
Personal and home care aides 14,590 7.22 15,020 6.70
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 3,390 21.06 43,800 16.43
Recreation workers 2,970 11.08 23,040 9.63
Residential advisors 390 10.45 21,730 9.85
Personal care and service workers, all other 650 10.62 22,080 8.78
Sales and related occupations 323,110 18.02 37,480 11.95
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 25,750 18.63 38,760 16.48
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales
workers 8,820 36.71 76,350 32.96
Cashiers 66,180 8.42 17,510 8.19
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers 110 (5) (5) (5)
Counter and rental clerks 9,670 12.62 26,260 9.28
Parts salespersons 5,390 13.59 28,260 11.66
Retail salespersons 94,910 11.49 23,910 9.52
Advertising sales agents 2,480 21.70 45,140 18.83
Insurance sales agents (4) 27.75 57,710 20.71
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents 6,110 41.51 86,350 31.77
Travel agents 2,170 (5) (5) (5)
Sales representatives, services, all other 13,150 28.67 59,630 25.08
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
technical and scientific products 11,680 34.94 72,670 32.26
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products 41,300 29.10 60,530 24.64
Demonstrators and product promoters 4,490 11.15 23,190 10.44
Real estate brokers 1,770 47.37 98,540 46.91
Real estate sales agents (4) 29.64 61,650 15.43
Sales engineers 3,600 44.48 92,510 42.65
Telemarketers 9,140 12.23 25,440 11.34
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors,
and related workers 50 13.92 28,950 14.29
Sales and related workers, all other 2,440 20.25 42,110 16.33
Office and administrative support occupations 538,040 14.87 30,940 13.87
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers 35,390 22.66 47,130 21.35
Switchboard operators, including answering service 3,270 11.11 23,100 10.83
Bill and account collectors 14,790 15.11 31,430 14.84
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 11,230 14.63 30,440 14.41
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 39,350 15.43 32,090 15.02
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 3,740 15.77 32,810 15.71
Procurement clerks 1,880 17.05 35,450 16.37
Tellers 11,200 11.27 23,440 11.04
Brokerage clerks 1,190 18.66 38,820 18.58
Correspondence clerks 560 15.14 31,480 14.76
Court, municipal, and license clerks 940 14.58 30,320 14.29
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 2,550 16.51 34,350 15.90
Customer service representatives 73,630 14.70 30,570 13.95
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 920 19.74 41,050 20.75
File clerks 5,600 12.51 26,030 11.68
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 3,450 8.92 18,540 8.82
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 5,200 13.28 27,620 13.23
Library assistants, clerical 1,150 10.28 21,390 10.34
Loan interviewers and clerks 7,240 17.45 36,300 16.93
New accounts clerks 1,850 15.17 31,550 15.14
Order clerks 5,480 13.24 27,530 11.99
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping 3,040 16.78 34,910 16.26
Receptionists and information clerks 25,880 11.69 24,310 11.66
All other information and record clerks 4,110 16.76 34,860 15.32
Cargo and freight agents 3,090 16.29 33,890 15.39
Couriers and messengers 2,330 11.95 24,860 11.84
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers 1,820 16.09 33,480 16.18
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 4,450 16.25 33,810 15.46
Meter readers, utilities 820 13.61 28,300 13.40
Postal service clerks 1,400 21.46 44,630 21.76
Postal service mail carriers 6,310 21.19 44,080 21.44
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators 5,870 20.48 42,590 21.44
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 8,210 19.04 39,610 18.12
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 19,000 12.32 25,620 11.67
Stock clerks and order fillers 35,760 10.87 22,600 10.20
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping 2,170 13.71 28,520 13.33
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 42,080 18.65 38,790 17.86
Legal secretaries 4,510 21.70 45,140 22.51
Medical secretaries 3,660 13.36 27,790 13.12
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 39,970 12.90 26,830 12.70
Computer operators 2,760 17.20 35,770 16.43
Data entry keyers 7,830 12.57 26,140 12.08
Word processors and typists 1,730 16.32 33,950 16.22
Desktop publishers 1,110 16.59 34,510 16.26
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 5,790 14.62 30,420 14.08
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except
postal service 4,200 11.76 24,460 11.51
Office clerks, general 53,310 11.65 24,240 11.08
Office machine operators, except computer (4) 12.97 26,980 12.76
Proofreaders and copy markers 340 14.80 30,770 14.72
Office and administrative support workers, all other 2,960 16.73 34,800 16.20
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 2,000 9.30 19,350 7.92
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers 70 17.25 35,880 15.12
Agricultural inspectors 60 20.54 42,720 20.47
Graders and sorters, agricultural products 220 (5) (5) (5)
Agricultural equipment operators 70 8.83 18,370 8.52
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 1,090 8.33 17,320 7.76
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 340 8.32 17,300 7.91
Construction and extraction occupations 119,500 14.80 30,780 13.36
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades
and extraction workers 8,880 24.18 50,300 23.77
Boilermakers 370 20.18 41,970 20.49
Brickmasons and blockmasons 1,520 17.76 36,940 18.26
Stonemasons 390 14.67 30,520 13.19
Carpenters 8,520 14.65 30,470 13.84
Carpet installers 550 11.95 24,860 11.27
Tile and marble setters 580 12.94 26,910 12.74
Cement masons and concrete finishers 4,490 13.50 28,090 13.39
Terrazzo workers and finishers (4) 22.42 46,630 22.99
Construction laborers 28,710 10.57 21,980 10.25
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 1,460 14.67 30,520 13.48
Operating engineers and other construction equipment
operators 6,780 14.83 30,850 14.11
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 3,890 14.02 29,160 13.75
Tapers 350 13.11 27,260 12.48
Electricians 11,460 18.43 38,340 18.14
Glaziers 680 16.25 33,800 16.44
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 850 12.97 26,990 12.26
Insulation workers, mechanical 260 15.60 32,450 15.19
Painters, construction and maintenance 3,730 13.57 28,220 13.19
Paperhangers (4) 14.77 30,730 15.38
Pipelayers 1,120 11.89 24,720 11.86
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 6,420 19.03 39,590 18.76
Plasterers and stucco masons 570 16.68 34,690 16.14
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 850 12.46 25,910 12.21
Roofers 1,800 13.06 27,170 13.00
Sheet metal workers 3,210 14.65 30,480 12.86
Structural iron and steel workers 1,690 13.30 27,650 12.89
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile
and marble setters 1,240 10.30 21,430 10.21
Helpers--carpenters 1,110 11.35 23,610 11.13
Helpers--electricians 4,430 12.32 25,620 12.08
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco
masons 280 9.37 19,480 9.59
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters 2,830 12.15 25,270 11.63
Helpers--roofers (4) 9.21 19,160 9.04
Helpers, construction trades, all other 970 11.46 23,830 10.70
Construction and building inspectors 2,840 23.38 48,620 22.02
Elevator installers and repairers (4) 26.57 55,270 28.93
Fence erectors (4) 11.57 24,060 11.33
Hazardous materials removal workers 550 13.27 27,590 12.97
Highway maintenance workers 450 14.48 30,110 13.78
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners (4) 14.51 30,180 15.19
Construction and related workers, all other 270 13.21 27,490 12.78
Derrick operators, oil and gas (4) 17.17 35,720 15.82
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas (4) 18.32 38,100 16.71
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 500 15.02 31,250 14.24
Roustabouts, oil and gas 1,030 13.76 28,620 13.26
Helpers--extraction workers 660 10.58 22,020 10.48
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 119,360 18.32 38,110 17.23
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers 10,640 25.79 53,650 24.65
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 5,330 14.75 30,670 13.10
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers,
except line installers (4) 23.67 49,220 24.62
Avionics technicians (4) 24.06 50,050 23.28
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 500 17.98 37,400 16.30
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers,
transportation equipment 340 17.07 35,510 17.73
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and
industrial equipment 1,980 22.63 47,060 21.42
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse,
substation, and relay (4) 26.53 55,190 26.78
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor
vehicles 550 18.07 37,590 16.59
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
repairers 930 13.94 28,990 13.41
Security and fire alarm systems installers 1,310 17.31 36,000 16.62
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 7,800 24.10 50,130 23.88
Automotive body and related repairers 3,800 16.56 34,450 14.12
Automotive glass installers and repairers 280 12.94 26,910 12.52
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 12,540 16.72 34,780 15.49
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 4,950 18.02 37,490 18.35
Farm equipment mechanics 100 13.94 29,000 14.12
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 1,800 17.22 35,820 17.08
Rail car repairers 180 18.04 37,520 16.73
Motorboat mechanics 160 14.81 30,800 14.17
Motorcycle mechanics 200 20.58 42,810 17.99
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 490 13.04 27,130 12.11
Recreational vehicle service technicians (4) 17.53 36,460 17.85
Tire repairers and changers 2,060 11.44 23,790 10.85
Mechanical door repairers (4) 16.35 34,010 14.56
Control and valve installers and repairers, except
mechanical door 690 18.05 37,550 17.81
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
and installers 6,360 18.85 39,210 18.40
Home appliance repairers 830 17.18 35,730 14.27
Industrial machinery mechanics 4,780 19.81 41,200 19.48
Maintenance and repair workers, general 25,580 15.00 31,190 14.23
Maintenance workers, machinery 770 17.02 35,390 15.27
Millwrights 470 20.25 42,110 19.17
Electrical power-line installers and repairers (4) 19.45 40,450 18.16
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 4,430 19.46 40,470 20.89
Medical equipment repairers 680 21.11 43,910 20.99
Musical instrument repairers and tuners (4) 13.45 27,970 12.47
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 70 20.79 43,250 21.15
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and
repairers 690 13.43 27,930 12.91
Locksmiths and safe repairers 280 17.26 35,910 16.78
Manufactured building and mobile home installers (4) 13.15 27,350 13.25
Riggers (4) 18.59 38,670 18.60
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 4,080 10.87 22,600 10.33
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 1,270 15.61 32,470 14.82
Production occupations 211,920 13.58 28,240 11.88
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers 15,140 23.57 49,030 22.51
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers (4) 13.33 27,730 14.48
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 6,360 14.79 30,770 13.89
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 2,020 12.25 25,480 11.42
Engine and other machine assemblers (4) 20.51 42,660 21.42
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 2,630 12.87 26,760 12.28
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators (4) 16.31 33,910 15.72
Team assemblers 22,920 10.76 22,380 10.00
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 7,130 15.58 32,410 10.87
Bakers 1,790 10.54 21,920 10.40
Butchers and meat cutters 2,010 12.51 26,010 12.54
Slaughterers and meat packers 850 8.24 17,140 8.23
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders 170 12.43 25,850 11.55
Food batchmakers 2,760 9.44 19,640 8.62
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 820 11.08 23,050 10.51
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and
plastic 1,840 13.99 29,090 13.47
Numerical tool and process control programmers 380 18.41 38,300 14.60
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 2,590 13.09 27,220 13.02
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 610 13.55 28,190 13.43
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 930 12.26 25,500 12.15
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 5,950 11.08 23,050 10.35
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 800 11.77 24,480 11.29
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 2,020 12.00 24,960 11.12
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 1,490 13.71 28,510 13.29
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 410 13.18 27,400 12.93
Machinists 6,960 15.44 32,120 15.11
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 160 12.27 25,520 11.99
Pourers and casters, metal 130 12.91 26,840 13.13
Patternmakers, metal and plastic 80 14.23 29,590 14.67
Foundry mold and coremakers 250 10.54 21,920 9.81
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 2,190 11.60 24,130 11.16
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 1,780 12.26 25,500 11.17
Tool and die makers 1,100 18.57 38,630 18.26
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 9,180 14.45 30,060 13.59
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 720 13.39 27,840 12.57
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic (4) 11.47 23,850 10.87
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 270 14.08 29,290 12.92
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 1,010 11.07 23,030 10.49
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 100 13.23 27,520 12.42
Bindery workers 1,600 11.96 24,880 10.95
Bookbinders 200 19.15 39,830 16.08
Job printers 810 14.30 29,750 14.35
Prepress technicians and workers 2,530 15.23 31,670 14.22
Printing machine operators 4,200 17.12 35,600 15.66
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 4,450 8.24 17,140 8.02
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 2,270 7.81 16,240 7.59
Sewing machine operators 3,110 9.56 19,890 9.27
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 190 9.66 20,100 8.94
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 630 12.36 25,700 11.10
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and
tenders (4) 11.21 23,320 11.25
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 370 11.54 24,000 11.88
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators,
and tenders 60 11.05 22,980 11.91
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine
setters, operators, and tenders (4) 14.63 30,420 13.79
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and
tenders, synthetic and glass fibers 240 12.43 25,860 11.24
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 100 12.93 26,900 11.98
Upholsterers 880 12.06 25,090 11.20
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 3,720 11.69 24,310 11.41
Furniture finishers 550 11.07 23,020 10.21
Model makers, wood 130 11.49 23,900 10.43
Patternmakers, wood 70 9.70 20,170 9.64
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 1,180 9.64 20,040 8.82
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders,
except sawing 2,060 9.96 20,720 9.82
Power plant operators 330 24.55 51,060 24.31
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 670 19.70 40,980 19.26
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators 1,920 16.61 34,540 16.04
Chemical plant and system operators 600 23.71 49,320 24.12
Gas plant operators 120 25.02 52,040 25.59
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and
gaugers 220 22.46 46,720 21.87
Plant and system operators, all other (4) 23.33 48,520 24.94
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 620 21.36 44,440 20.91
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and
still machine setters, operators, and tenders 900 16.29 33,890 15.76
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 1,610 11.21 23,320 10.49
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 950 10.16 21,140 9.47
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and
tenders 5,060 12.39 25,770 11.90
Cutters and trimmers, hand 480 10.89 22,650 10.35
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders 2,710 11.38 23,680 10.69
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine
setters, operators, and tenders 1,830 11.88 24,710 11.26
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders 530 11.85 24,650 11.14
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 10,230 14.62 30,410 13.19
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 280 17.13 35,640 15.54
Dental laboratory technicians 690 15.89 33,040 13.85
Medical appliance technicians (4) 15.95 33,170 11.97
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians (4) 11.31 23,510 10.58
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 10,030 10.94 22,750 9.95
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,
operators, and tenders 2,190 11.58 24,080 10.95
Painters, transportation equipment 1,530 19.53 40,620 18.22
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 540 11.27 23,450 10.76
Photographic process workers (4) 10.41 21,650 8.49
Photographic processing machine operators 1,190 10.64 22,130 10.19
Semiconductor processors 3,170 14.32 29,780 14.10
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 970 10.36 21,540 9.77
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment
operators and tenders 610 9.90 20,580 8.88
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders (4) 9.97 20,730 8.68
Etchers and engravers (4) 15.79 32,840 15.51
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 760 11.13 23,140 10.11
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 2,260 13.50 28,080 13.47
Helpers--production workers 9,400 8.77 18,240 8.29
Production workers, all other 3,290 14.85 30,890 13.27
Transportation and material moving occupations 216,640 14.41 29,970 11.67
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 90 23.85 49,600 23.18
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,
and material movers, hand 4,630 19.45 40,460 18.83
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and
material-moving machine and vehicle operators 4,310 24.84 51,670 23.41
Commercial pilots 700 (3) 84,220 (3)
Air traffic controllers 1,120 53.86 112,020 59.12
Airfield operations specialists 130 25.64 53,330 23.49
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency
medical technicians 80 14.15 29,430 13.44
Bus drivers, school 7,470 11.09 23,070 11.06
Driver/sales workers 11,250 8.70 18,100 6.89
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 39,820 18.31 38,070 17.06
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 24,330 12.78 26,580 12.28
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 2,530 9.67 20,120 9.16
Motor vehicle operators, all other (4) 9.61 19,990 7.48
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers 190 17.79 36,990 15.98
Subway and streetcar operators 230 19.96 41,520 18.81
Parking lot attendants 3,830 8.63 17,940 8.13
Service station attendants 2,360 9.03 18,780 8.65
Traffic technicians 180 18.97 39,450 18.41
Transportation inspectors 850 25.33 52,690 19.26
Transportation workers, all other 640 13.28 27,620 11.98
Conveyor operators and tenders 1,290 12.70 26,420 12.92
Crane and tower operators 1,020 16.05 33,380 15.12
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 1,000 14.38 29,920 13.87
Industrial truck and tractor operators 15,640 12.36 25,710 11.81
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 8,090 9.83 20,450 8.64
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 57,720 10.51 21,860 10.02
Machine feeders and offbearers 1,600 11.17 23,230 10.86
Packers and packagers, hand 15,650 9.18 19,100 8.19
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 80 (5) (5) (5)
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 1,480 15.91 33,100 14.55
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders (4) 14.32 29,790 14.22
Material moving workers, all other 130 17.15 35,680 18.27
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(1) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round,
full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly
mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(2) Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
(3) Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per
year are not available.
(4) Indicates that an employment estimate is not available.
(5) Indicates that a wage estimate is not available.
(6) There is a wide variation in the number of hours worked by those employed as actors, dancers,
singers, and musicians. Many jobs are for the duration of 1 day or 1 week, and it is extremely
rare for a performer to have guaranteed employment for a period that exceeds 3 to 6 months.
Therefore only hourly wages are available for these occupations.
Last Modified Date: July 11, 2007
Bureau of Labor Statistics
