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References and Included Studies

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6 The Leapfrog Group and Brides to Excellence. Measuring Provider Efficiency: Version 1.0. available at URL: http://www.bridgestoexcellence.org/Documents/Measuring_Provider_Efficiency_Version1_12-31-20041.pdf. Accessed 8/5/2005.

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15 Medical Group Management Association. Administrative Simplification for Medical Group Practices. 2005.

16 Hackbarth G, Milgate K. Using quality incentives to drive physician adoption of health information technology. Medicare should help physicians overcome the barriers to adoption but should not simply pay the bill. Health Aff (Millwood) 2005;24(5):1147-9.

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28 Rosko MD, Chilingerian JA. Estimating hospital inefficiency: does case mix matter? J Med Syst 1999;23(1):57-71.

29 Rosko MD. Impact of internal and external environmental pressures on hospital inefficiency. Health Care Manag Sci 1999;2(2):63-74.

30 Albritton TA, Miller MD, Johnson MH, et al. Using relative value units to measure faculty clinical productivity. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12(11):715-7.

31 Garg ML, Boero JF, Christiansen RG, et al. Primary care teaching physicians’ losses of productivity and revenue at three ambulatorycare centers. Acad Med 1991;66(6):348-53.

32 Ozcan YA. Physician benchmarking: measuring variation in practice behavior in treatment of otitis media. Health Care Manag Sci 1998;1(1):5-17.

33 Kralewski JE, Rich EC, Feldman R, et al. The effects of medical group practice and physician payment methods on costs of care. Health Serv Res 2000;35(3):591-613.

34 Thomas JW. Should episode-based economic profiles be risk adjusted to account for differences in patients’ health risks? Health Services Research 2006;41(2):581-98.

35 Cutler DM, McClellan M, Newhouse JP. How does managed care do it? Rand J Econ 2000;31(3):526-48.

36 Cutler DMMM, Newhouse JP. Price and Productivity in Managed Care Insurance. 1998.

37 Ozcan YA. Efficiency of hospital-service production in local markets - the balance-sheet of U.S. medical armament. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences 1995;29(2):139-50.

38 Ozcan YA, Yeh SC, McCollum D, et al. Trends in labor efficiency among American hospital markets. Annals of Operations Research 1996;67:61-81.

39 Ashby J, Guterman S, Greene T. An analysis of hospital productivity and product change. Health Aff (Millwood) 2000;19(5):197-205.

40 Skinner J, Fisher E, Wennberg JE. The Efficiency of Medicare. 2001.

41 Wan TT, Wang BB. Integrated healthcare networks’ performance: a growth curve modeling approach. Health Care Manag Sci 2003;6(2):117-24.

42 Wan TT, Lin BY, Ma A. Integration mechanisms and hospital efficiency in integrated health care delivery systems. J Med Syst 2002;26(2):127-43.

43 Yeh J, White KR, Ozcan YA. Efficiency evaluation of community-based youth services in Virginia. Community Ment Health J 1997;33(6):487-99.

44  Larson EH, Hart LG, Ballweg R. National estimates of physician assistant productivity. J Allied Health 2001;30(3):146-52.

45 Boston DW. Clinical productivity indicators for a dental general practice residency program. Spec Care Dentist 1991;11(5):173-8.

46 Ozcan YA, Cotter JJ. An assessment of efficiency of area agencies on aging in Virginia through data envelopment analysis. Gerontologist 1994;34(3):363-70.

47 Tyler LH, Ozcan YA, Wogen SE. Mental health case management and technical efficiency. J Med Syst 1995;19(5):413-23.

48 DiJerome L, Dunham-Taylor J, Ash D, et al. Evaluating cost center productivity. Nurs Econ 1999;17(6):334-40.

49 Ozgen H, Ozcan YA. A national study of efficiency for dialysis centers: an examination of market competition and facility characteristics for production of multiple dialysis outputs. Health Serv Res 2002;37(3):711-32.

50 Okunade AA. Cost-Output Relation, Technological Progress, and Clinical Activity Mix of U.S. Hospital Pharmacies. Journal of Productivity Analysis 2001;16(2):167-93.

51 Andes S, Metzger LM, Kralewski J, et al. Measuring efficiency of physician practices using data envelopment analysis. Manag Care 2002; 11(11):48-54.

52 Schinnar AP, Kamis-Gould E, Delucia N, et al. Organizational determinants of efficiency and effectiveness in mental health partial care programs. Health Serv Res 1990;25(2):387-420.

53 Ozcan YA, Begun JW, McKinney MM. Benchmarking organ procurement organizations: a national study. Health Serv Res 1999;34(4):855-74; discussion 875-8.

54 Alexander JA, Wheeler JR, Nahra TA, et al. Managed care and technical efficiency in outpatient substance abuse treatment units. J Behav Health Serv Res 1998;25(4):377-96.

55 Mansley EC, Dunet DO, May DS, et al. Variation in average costs among federally sponsored state-organized cancer detection programs: economies of scale? Med Decis Making 2002;22(5 Suppl):S67-79.

56 Valdmanis VG. Ownership and technical efficiency of hospitals. Med Care 1990;28(6):552-61.

57 Iezzoni LI. Risk adjustment for measuring health care outcomes. Ann Arbor, MI: Health Administration Press; 1994.

58 Thomas JW, Grazier KW, Ward K. Economic profiling of primary care physicians: consistency among risk-adjusted measures. Health Services Research 2004;39(4 Pt 1):985- 1003.

59 Thomas JW, Ward K. Economic profiling of physician specialists: use of outlier treatment and episode attribution rules. Inquiry 2006;43(3):271-82.

60 Thomas JW. Should episode-based economic profiles be risk adjusted to account for differences in patients’ health risks? Health Services Research 2006;41(2):581-98.

61 Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MEDPAC). Report to the Congress: Increasing the Value of Medicare. Accessed 2/14/2007.

62 Bryce CL, Engberg JB, Wholey DR. Comparing the agreement among alternative models in evaluating HMO efficiency. Health Serv Res 2000;35(2):509-28.

 


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