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AHCPR Archived reports, Put Prevention Into Practice and Minnesota Health Technology Advisory Committee SAMHSA/CSAT Treatment Improvement Protocols

43. TIP 43. Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs

Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series


Steven L. Batki, M.D.
Consensus Panel Chair

Janice F. Kauffman, R.N., M.P.H., LADC, CAS
Consensus Panel Co-Chair

Ira Marion, M.A.
Consensus Panel Co-Chair

Mark W. Parrino, M.P.A.
Consensus Panel Co-Chair

George E. Woody, M.D.
Consensus Panel Co-Chair

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

1 Choke Cherry Road

Rockville, MD 20857

Acknowledgments

Numerous people contributed to the development of this Treatment Improvement Protocol (see pp. xi and xiii as well as Appendixes E and F). This publication was produced by Johnson, Bassin & Shaw, Inc. (JBS), under the Knowledge Application Program (KAP) contract numbers 270-99-7072 and 270-04-7049 with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Christina Currier served as the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) Government Project Officer, and Andrea Kopstein, Ph.D., M.P.H., served as Deputy Government Project Officer. Robert Lubran, M.S., M.P.A., and Alan Trachtenberg, M.D., served as CSAT technical experts. Lynne McArthur, M.A., A.M.L.S., served as the JBS KAP Executive Project Co-Director. Barbara Fink, R.N., M.P.H., served as the JBS KAP Managing Project Co-Director. Other JBS KAP personnel included Dennis Burke, M.S., M.A., Deputy Director for Product Development; Wendy Caron, Editorial Quality Assurance Manager; Frances Nebesky, M.A., Quality Assurance Editor; Leah Bogdan, Junior Editor; Emily Tinkler, Junior Writer; and Pamela Frazier, Document Production Specialist. Catalina Vallejos Bartlett, M.A., Margaret Brooks, J.D., Jonathan Max Gilbert, M.A., Randi Henderson, and Deborah J. Shuman were writers.top link

Disclaimer

The opinions expressed herein are the views of the consensus panel members and do not necessarily reflect the official position of CSAT, SAMHSA, or DHHS. No official support of or endorsement by CSAT, SAMHSA, or DHHS for these opinions or for particular instruments, software, or resources described in this document is intended or should be inferred. The guidelines in this document should not be considered substitutes for individualized client care and treatment decisions.top link

Public Domain Notice

All materials appearing in this volume except those taken directly from copyrighted sources are in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from SAMHSA/CSAT or the authors. Do not reproduce or distribute this publication for a fee without specific, written authorization from SAMHSA's Office of Communications.top link

Electronic Access and Copies of Publication

Copies may be obtained free of charge from SAMHSA's National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI), (800) 729-6686 or (301) 468-2600; TDD (for hearing impaired), (800) 487-4889; or electronically through the following Internet World Wide Web site: www.ncadi.samhsa.gov.top link

Recommended Citation

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 43. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 05-4048. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2005.top link

Originating Office

Practice Improvement Branch, Division of Services Improvement, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, MD 20857.

DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 05-4048 Printed 2005top link

What Is a TIP?

Treatment Improvement Protocols (TIPs), developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), part of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), are best-practice guidelines for the treatment of substance use disorders. CSAT draws on the experience and knowledge of clinical, research, and administrative experts to produce the TIPs, which are distributed to facilities and individuals across the country. The audience for the TIPs is expanding beyond public and private treatment facilities to include practitioners in mental health, criminal justice, primary care, and other health care and social service settings.

CSAT's Knowledge Application Program (KAP) expert panel, a distinguished group of experts on substance use disorders and professionals in such related fields as primary care, mental health, and social services, works with the State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors to generate topics for the TIPs. Topics are based on the field's current needs for information and guidance.

After selecting a topic, CSAT invites staff from pertinent Federal agencies and national organizations to be members of a resource panel that recommends specific areas of focus as well as resources that should be considered in developing the content for the TIP. These recommendations are communicated to a consensus panel composed of experts on the topic who have been nominated by their peers. This consensus panel participates in a series of discussions. The information and recommendations on which they reach consensus form the foundation of the TIP. The members of each consensus panel represent substance abuse treatment programs, hospitals, community health centers, counseling programs, criminal justice and child welfare agencies, and private practitioners. A panel chair (or co-chairs) ensures that the contents of the TIP mirror the results of the group's collaboration.

A large and diverse group of experts closely reviews the draft document. Once the changes recommended by these field reviewers have been incorporated, the TIP is prepared for publication, in print and on line. TIPs can be accessed via the Internet at www.kap.samhsa.gov. The online TIPs are consistently updated and provide the field with state-of-the-art information.

Although each TIP strives to include an evidence base for the practices it recommends, CSAT recognizes that the field of substance abuse treatment is evolving, and research frequently lags behind the innovations pioneered in the field. A major goal of each TIP is to convey "front-line" information quickly but responsibly. For this reason, recommendations proffered in the TIP are attributed to either panelists' clinical experience or the literature. If research supports a particular approach, citations are provided.

This TIP, Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid Addiction in Opioid Treatment Programs, incorporates the many changes in medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction (MAT) that have occurred over the most active decade of change since the inception of this treatment modality approximately 40 years ago. The TIP describes the nature and dimensions of opioid use disorders and their treatment in the United States, including basic principles of MAT and historical and regulatory developments. It presents consensus panel recommendations and evidence-based best practices for treatment of opioid addiction in opioid treatment programs (OTPs). It also examines related medical, psychiatric, sociological, and substance use disorders and their treatment as part of a comprehensive maintenance treatment program. The TIP includes a discussion of the ethical considerations that arise in most OTPs, and it provides a useful summary of areas for emphasis in successfully administering MAT in OTPs.top link

Consensus Panel

Chair


Steven L. Batki, M.D.
Professor and Director of Research
Department of Psychiatry
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York
Co-Chairs


Janice F. Kauffman, R.N., M.P.H., LADC, CAS
Vice President
Addiction Treatment Services
North Charles Foundation, Inc.
Cambridge, Massachusetts;
Director
Addiction Psychiatry Service
Department of Psychiatry
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts; and Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts

Ira Marion, M.A.
Executive Director
Division of Substance Abuse
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York

Mark W. Parrino, M.P.A.
President
American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence
New York, New York

George E. Woody, M.D.
Treatment Research Institute
University of Pennsylvania/MIRECC Philadelphia VAMC
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Editorial Advisory Board


John D. Crowley
Crowley Associates
Elgin, South Carolina

Herbert D. Kleber, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry
Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons
New York, New York

Stewart B. Leavitt, Ph.D.
Leavitt Medical Communications
Glenview, Illinois

Jocelyn Sue Woods, M.A.
President
National Alliance of Methadone Advocates
New York, New York

Joan Zweben, Ph.D.
Executive Director
14th Street Clinic & Medical Group, Inc.
East Bay Community Recovery Project
Berkeley, California
Consensus Panelists


Patrick Abbott, M.D.
Medical Director
Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions
University of New Mexico
Albuquerque, New Mexico

Leslie Amass, Ph.D.
Principal Investigator
Friends Research Institute, Inc.
Los Angeles, California

Hector D. Barreto, M.D., M.P.H.
Medical Director
Center for Drug-Free Living
Orlando, Florida

Michael D. Couty
Director
Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Missouri Department of Mental Health
Jefferson City, Missouri

Vashti Jude Forbes, R.N., BC., M.S.N., LCDC
Associate Director
Substance Abuse and Specialized Services
Austin Travis County Mental Health and Mental Retardation Center
Austin, Texas

Ron Jackson, M.S.W.
Executive Director
Evergreen Treatment Services
Seattle, Washington

Karol A. Kaltenbach, Ph.D.
Director
Maternal Addiction Treatment Education and Research
Jefferson Medical College
Thomas Jefferson University
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Judith Martin, M.D., FASAM
Medical Director
14th Street Clinic & Medical Group, Inc.
Oakland, California

Violanda T. Nuñez, M.S.W.
Executive Director
Ayudantes, Inc.
Santa Fe, New Mexico

J. Thomas Payte, M.D.
Medical Director
Drug Dependence Associates
San Antonio, Texas

Norma J. Reppucci, R.N.
Director
Operations for Eastern MA and NH Community Substance Abuse Centers
Malden, Massachusetts

Yong S. Song, Ph.D.
Assistant Clinical Professor and Program Director
Opiate Treatment Outpatient Program
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California

Jo L. Sotheran, Ph.D.
Associate Research Scientist
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
New York, New York

Trusandra Taylor, M.D.
Physician Advisor
Parkside Recovery Methadone Maintenance
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
KAP Expert Panel and Federal Government Participants


Barry S. Brown, Ph.D.
Adjunct Professor
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
Carolina Beach, North Carolina

Jacqueline Butler, M.S.W., LISW, LPCC, CCDC III, CJS
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
College of Medicine
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio

Deion Cash
Executive Director
Community Treatment and Correction Center, Inc.
Canton, Ohio

Debra A. Claymore, M.Ed.Adm.
Owner/Chief Executive Officer
WC Consulting, LLC
Loveland, Colorado

Carlo C. Di Clemente, Ph.D.
Chair
Department of Psychology
University of Maryland Baltimore County
Baltimore, Maryland

Catherine E. Dube, Ed.D.
Independent Consultant
Brown University
Providence, Rhode Island

Jerry P. Flanzer, D.S.W., LCSW, CAC
Chief, Services
Division of Clinical and Services Research
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Bethesda, Maryland

Michael Galer, D.B.A., M.B.A., M.F.A.
Chairman of the Graduate School of Business
University of Phoenix ---Greater Boston Campus
Braintree, Massachusetts

Renata J. Henry, M.Ed.
Director
Division of Alcoholism, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Delaware Department of Health and Social Services
New Castle, Delaware

Joel Hochberg, M.A.
President
Asher & Partners
Los Angeles, California

Jack Hollis, Ph.D.
Associate Director
Center for Health Research
Kaiser Permanente
Portland, Oregon

Mary Beth Johnson, M.S.W.
Director
Addiction Technology Transfer Center
University of Missouri ---Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri

Eduardo Lopez
Executive Producer
EVS Communications
Washington, D.C.

Holly A. Massett, Ph.D.
Academy for Educational Development
Washington, D.C.

Diane Miller
Chief
Scientific Communications Branch
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Bethesda, Maryland

Harry B. Montoya, M.A.
President/Chief Executive Officer
Hands Across Cultures
Espanola, New Mexico

Richard K. Ries, M.D.
Director/Professor
Outpatient Mental Health Services
Dual Disorder Programs
Seattle, Washington

Gloria M. Rodriguez, D.S.W.
Research Scientist
Division of Addiction Services
New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services
Trenton, New Jersey

Everett Rogers, Ph.D.
Center for Communications Programs
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, Maryland

Jean R. Slutsky, P.A., M.S.P.H.
Senior Health Policy Analyst
Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality
Rockville, Maryland

Nedra Klein Weinreich, M.S.
President
Weinreich Communications
Canoga Park, California

Clarissa Wittenberg
Director
Office of Communications and Public Liaison
National Institute of Mental Health
Bethesda, Maryland
Consulting Members to the KAP Expert Panel


Paul Purnell, M.A.
Social Solutions, L.L.C.
Potomac, Maryland

Scott Ratzan, M.D., M.P.A., M.A.
Academy for Educational Development
Washington, D.C.

Thomas W. Valente, Ph.D.
Director, Master of Public Health Program
Department of Preventive Medicine
School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Alhambra, California

Patricia A. Wright, Ed.D.
Independent Consultant
Baltimore, Maryland
Foreword

The Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) series supports SAMHSA's mission of building resilience and facilitating recovery for people with or at risk for mental or substance use disorders by providing best-practices guidance to clinicians, program administrators, and payers to improve the quality and effectiveness of service delivery and thereby promote recovery. TIPs are the result of careful consideration of all relevant clinical and health services research findings, demonstration experience, and implementation requirements. A panel of non-Federal clinical researchers, clinicians, program administrators, and client advocates debates and discusses its particular areas of expertise until it reaches a consensus on best practices. This panel's work is then reviewed and critiqued by field reviewers.

The talent, dedication, and hard work that TIPs panelists and reviewers bring to this highly participatory process have helped bridge the gap between the promise of research and the needs of practicing clinicians and administrators who serve, in the most current and effective ways, people who abuse substances. We are grateful to all who have joined with us to contribute to advances in the substance abuse treatment field.


Charles G. Curie, M.A., A.C.S.W.
Administrator
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

H. Westley Clark, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., CAS, FASAM
Director
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

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