Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 98-481 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until Establishment data: 606-6555 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, December 4, 1998. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: NOVEMBER 1998 Employment increased in November, and the unemployment rate edged down to 4.4 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment grew by 267,000, with sizable job gains in services, construction, and retail trade more than offsetting another large decline in manufacturing. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 6.1 million, and the unemployment rate, 4.4 percent, edged down in November. Over the last 12 months, the jobless rate has ranged from 4.3 to 4.7 percent. Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and whites (3.8 percent) edged down, while the rates for adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers (15.1 percent), blacks (8.7 percent), and Hispanics (7.0 percent) showed little change in November. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks decreased by 389,000 to 2.5 million in November, following an increase in October. (See table A-6.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment rose by 477,000 in November to 132.2 million, seasonally adjusted. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.1 percent, little changed from the previous month. Over the year, employment has risen by 1.9 million, after adjusting for the changes in the composite estimation procedure introduced with the January 1998 data. (See table A-1.) About 8.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in November. These multiple jobholders comprised 6.3 percent of total employed, about the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.) The civilian labor force, 138.3 million (seasonally adjusted), was about unchanged in November. Over the year, the labor force has grown by 1.7 million, after adjusting for the changes in the composite estimation procedure. In November, the labor force participation rate was essentially unchanged at 67.1 percent. (See table A-1.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Oct.- Category | 1998 1/ | 1998 1/ | Nov. |_________________|__________________________|change | II | III | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 137,351| 137,596| 138,075| 137,976| 138,253| 277 Employment..........| 131,349| 131,333| 131,765| 131,677| 132,154| 477 Unemployment........| 6,002| 6,262| 6,310| 6,299| 6,099| -200 Not in labor force....| 67,554| 67,887| 67,624| 67,943| 67,851| -92 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.4| 4.6| 4.6| 4.6| 4.4| -0.2 Adult men...........| 3.6| 3.8| 3.8| 3.7| 3.5| -.2 Adult women.........| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| .1 Teenagers...........| 14.0| 14.7| 15.4| 16.0| 15.1| -.9 White...............| 3.8| 3.9| 3.9| 4.0| 3.8| -.2 Black...............| 8.7| 9.3| 9.2| 8.6| 8.7| .1 Hispanic origin.....| 6.9| 7.4| 7.4| 7.2| 7.0| -.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA 2/| Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 125,516| 126,141| 126,363|p126,508|p126,775| p267 Goods-producing 2/..| 25,315| 25,210| 25,241| p25,208| p25,205| p-3 Construction......| 5,931| 5,980| 5,981| p6,013| p6,060| p47 Manufacturing.....| 18,804| 18,660| 18,692| p18,631| p18,584| p-47 Service-producing 2/| 100,201| 100,931| 101,122|p101,300|p101,570| p270 Retail trade......| 22,402| 22,561| 22,592| p22,598| p22,663| p65 Services..........| 37,347| 37,691| 37,768| p37,892| p38,042| p150 Government........| 19,802| 19,892| 19,928| p19,941| p19,959| p18 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.6| 34.5| 34.4| p34.6| p34.6| p.0 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.7| 41.6| p41.7| p41.6| p-0.1 Overtime..........| 4.6| 4.6| 4.5| p4.5| p4.5| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 144.6| 145.1| 144.9| p145.7| p145.8| p0.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $12.73| $12.84| $12.87| p$12.90| p$12.93| p$0.03 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 440.46| 443.29| 442.73| p446.34| p447.38| p1.04 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 1998, household data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 2 - Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in November. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 310,000 in November, about the same as a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 267,000 in November to 126.8 million, seasonally adjusted. This gain was comparable to the average increase in the first 5 months of 1998 (255,000) and well above the average monthly rise from June to October (189,000). Employment in services, retail trade, and construction rose markedly in November, while manufacturing lost an additional 47,000 jobs, and mining continued its long- term downward trend. The services industry added 150,000 jobs in November, its largest increase since May. Employment in business services rose by 55,000. Within business services, computer services rose by 14,000, continuing its growth trend, and help supply services gained 22,000 jobs, well above its average pace for this year. The November employment increase in engineering and management services (30,000) was the second largest monthly rise in a year of robust growth. Private educational services added 15,000 jobs over the month, for a total gain of 54,000 since August. Employment in health services was up by 14,000, with the largest increase in doctors? offices and clinics. The number of jobs in home health care services was unchanged, following 13 straight months of declines; employment in nursing and personal care facilities also was unchanged in November, following decreases in 4 of the prior 5 months. The construction industry had another large employment gain (47,000), after adding 32,000 jobs in October. Smaller-than-usual seasonal layoffs in special trade contractors and heavy construction accounted for most of the November increase (after seasonal adjustment). Over the past 12 months, employment in construction has risen by 310,000. Retail trade gained 65,000 jobs in November, following little growth in October. Over the year, employment in this industry has risen by 457,000. Nearly half of November?s increase occurred in eating and drinking places. Employment in department stores rose by 19,000, as seasonal hiring was stronger than usual. In wholesale trade, employment was essentially flat for the second month in a row. Employment in the finance industry rose by 10,000, with most of the gain occurring in mortgage brokerages. Insurance continued to add jobs, with a gain of 6,000 over the month, and employment in real estate increased by 7,000. Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 7,000 in November, well below the average for the prior year. Water transportation and transportation services accounted for most of the increase. Employment was unchanged in both trucking and communications. In government, local education employment was up by 24,000. Federal employment, except postal, declined by 4,000 in November. Manufacturing employment decreased by 47,000 in November, following a decline of 61,000 in October. Since its latest peak in March, the number - 4 - of factory jobs has fallen by 245,000. Industrial machinery lost 15,000 jobs in November, and electronic equipment lost 8,000. Employment in both industries has been trending downward since March. Apparel continued its long-term decline, losing 10,000 jobs in November. In addition, primary metals, aircraft, and instruments all have experienced accelerating job losses in recent months. Employment in mining decreased by 3,000 over the month and has fallen by 33,000 since its most recent peak in September 1997. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.6 hours in November, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 41.6 hours, while factory overtime remained unchanged at 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was little changed at 145.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index decreased by 0.6 percent to 107.2. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 3 cents in November to $12.93, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings increased by 0.2 percent to $447.38. Over the year, average hourly and weekly earnings have risen by 3.7 and 3.4 percent, respectively. (See table B-3.) ________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------- | In accordance with usual practice, the release of December | |data will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted | |unemployment and other labor force series. Seasonally adjusted| |data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision. | -------------------------------------------------------------- The Employment Situation for December 1998 is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 8, 1999, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). Release dates for the balance of 1999 are as follows: Feb. 5 May 7 Aug. 6 Nov. 5 March 5 June 4 Sept. 3 Dec. 3 April 2 July 2 Oct. 8 - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1998, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from zero to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $17.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |Not seasonally adjusted| Seasonally adjusted(1) | | Employment status, sex, and age | | _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............|203,941|205,919|206,104|203,941|205,270|205,479|205,699|205,919|206,104 Civilian labor force............................|136,912|138,255|138,288|136,864|137,296|137,415|138,075|137,976|138,253 Participation rate........................| 67.1| 67.1| 67.1| 67.1| 66.9| 66.9| 67.1| 67.0| 67.1 Employed......................................|130,999|132,424|132,577|130,575|131,067|131,168|131,765|131,677|132,154 Employment-population ratio...............| 64.2| 64.3| 64.3| 64.0| 63.9| 63.8| 64.1| 63.9| 64.1 Agriculture.................................| 3,259| 3,630| 3,226| 3,384| 3,441| 3,529| 3,518| 3,603| 3,344 Nonagricultural industries..................|127,739|128,794|129,351|127,191|127,626|127,640|128,247|128,075|128,810 Unemployed....................................| 5,914| 5,831| 5,711| 6,289| 6,230| 6,247| 6,310| 6,299| 6,099 Unemployment rate.........................| 4.3| 4.2| 4.1| 4.6| 4.5| 4.5| 4.6| 4.6| 4.4 Not in labor force..............................| 67,029| 67,664| 67,816| 67,077| 67,973| 68,064| 67,624| 67,943| 67,851 | | | | | | | | | Men, 16 years and over | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............| 98,141| 99,121| 99,217| 98,141| 98,785| 98,892| 99,006| 99,121| 99,217 Civilian labor force............................| 73,426| 74,165| 74,162| 73,682| 74,027| 73,695| 74,165| 74,091| 74,404 Participation rate........................| 74.8| 74.8| 74.7| 75.1| 74.9| 74.5| 74.9| 74.7| 75.0 Employed......................................| 70,328| 71,219| 71,256| 70,352| 70,605| 70,441| 70,751| 70,797| 71,266 Employment-population ratio...............| 71.7| 71.9| 71.8| 71.7| 71.5| 71.2| 71.5| 71.4| 71.8 Unemployed....................................| 3,098| 2,946| 2,906| 3,330| 3,422| 3,253| 3,414| 3,294| 3,138 Unemployment rate.........................| 4.2| 4.0| 3.9| 4.5| 4.6| 4.4| 4.6| 4.4| 4.2 | | | | | | | | | Men, 20 years and over | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............| 90,251| 91,101| 91,192| 90,251| 90,802| 90,889| 91,003| 91,101| 91,192 Civilian labor force............................| 69,455| 70,051| 70,065| 69,500| 69,790| 69,490| 69,829| 69,815| 70,076 Participation rate........................| 77.0| 76.9| 76.8| 77.0| 76.9| 76.5| 76.7| 76.6| 76.8 Employed......................................| 66,951| 67,773| 67,809| 66,824| 67,040| 66,901| 67,185| 67,241| 67,658 Employment-population ratio...............| 74.2| 74.4| 74.4| 74.0| 73.8| 73.6| 73.8| 73.8| 74.2 Agriculture.................................| 2,275| 2,542| 2,337| 2,323| 2,394| 2,443| 2,424| 2,463| 2,382 Nonagricultural industries..................| 64,676| 65,231| 65,472| 64,501| 64,646| 64,457| 64,761| 64,778| 65,276 Unemployed....................................| 2,504| 2,278| 2,256| 2,676| 2,750| 2,589| 2,645| 2,575| 2,418 Unemployment rate.........................| 3.6| 3.3| 3.2| 3.9| 3.9| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.5 | | | | | | | | | Women, 16 years and over | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............|105,799|106,798|106,887|105,799|106,484|106,587|106,693|106,798|106,887 Civilian labor force............................| 63,486| 64,090| 64,126| 63,182| 63,270| 63,721| 63,910| 63,885| 63,849 Participation rate........................| 60.0| 60.0| 60.0| 59.7| 59.4| 59.8| 59.9| 59.8| 59.7 Employed......................................| 60,670| 61,205| 61,321| 60,223| 60,462| 60,727| 61,014| 60,881| 60,888 Employment-population ratio...............| 57.3| 57.3| 57.4| 56.9| 56.8| 57.0| 57.2| 57.0| 57.0 Unemployed....................................| 2,816| 2,884| 2,805| 2,959| 2,808| 2,994| 2,896| 3,004| 2,961 Unemployment rate.........................| 4.4| 4.5| 4.4| 4.7| 4.4| 4.7| 4.5| 4.7| 4.6 | | | | | | | | | Women, 20 years and over | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............| 98,212| 99,037| 99,135| 98,212| 98,778| 98,901| 98,994| 99,037| 99,135 Civilian labor force............................| 59,787| 60,224| 60,326| 59,348| 59,359| 59,712| 59,804| 59,810| 59,907 Participation rate........................| 60.9| 60.8| 60.9| 60.4| 60.1| 60.4| 60.4| 60.4| 60.4 Employed......................................| 57,495| 57,898| 58,024| 56,953| 57,000| 57,286| 57,435| 57,422| 57,473 Employment-population ratio...............| 58.5| 58.5| 58.5| 58.0| 57.7| 57.9| 58.0| 58.0| 58.0 Agriculture.................................| 806| 802| 709| 833| 793| 819| 773| 778| 726 Nonagricultural industries..................| 56,689| 57,097| 57,315| 56,120| 56,207| 56,468| 56,663| 56,643| 56,747 Unemployed....................................| 2,292| 2,326| 2,302| 2,395| 2,359| 2,426| 2,368| 2,388| 2,434 Unemployment rate.........................| 3.8| 3.9| 3.8| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1 | | | | | | | | | Both sexes, 16 to 19 years | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population.............| 15,478| 15,781| 15,777| 15,478| 15,690| 15,689| 15,702| 15,781| 15,777 Civilian labor force............................| 7,670| 7,980| 7,897| 8,016| 8,147| 8,213| 8,442| 8,351| 8,270 Participation rate........................| 49.6| 50.6| 50.1| 51.8| 51.9| 52.4| 53.8| 52.9| 52.4 Employed......................................| 6,552| 6,753| 6,744| 6,798| 7,027| 6,981| 7,145| 7,015| 7,023 Employment-population ratio...............| 42.3| 42.8| 42.7| 43.9| 44.8| 44.5| 45.5| 44.5| 44.5 Agriculture.................................| 179| 287| 180| 228| 254| 267| 322| 361| 237 Nonagricultural industries..................| 6,373| 6,466| 6,564| 6,570| 6,773| 6,715| 6,823| 6,653| 6,786 Unemployed....................................| 1,118| 1,226| 1,153| 1,218| 1,120| 1,232| 1,297| 1,336| 1,248 Unemployment rate.........................| 14.6| 15.4| 14.6| 15.2| 13.8| 15.0| 15.4| 16.0| 15.1 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |Not seasonally adjusted| Seasonally adjusted(1) | | Employment status, race, sex, age, and | | _______________________________________________________________________ Hispanic origin | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WHITE | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............|170,545|171,956|172,084|170,545|171,513|171,655|171,804|171,956|172,084 Civilian labor force............................|115,098|115,804|115,804|115,073|114,975|115,275|115,776|115,602|115,775 Participation rate..........................| 67.5| 67.3| 67.3| 67.5| 67.0| 67.2| 67.4| 67.2| 67.3 Employed......................................|110,913|111,599|111,692|110,604|110,630|110,708|111,233|111,013|111,394 Employment-population ratio.................| 65.0| 64.9| 64.9| 64.9| 64.5| 64.5| 64.7| 64.6| 64.7 Unemployed....................................| 4,186| 4,206| 4,112| 4,469| 4,346| 4,567| 4,543| 4,589| 4,381 Unemployment rate...........................| 3.6| 3.6| 3.6| 3.9| 3.8| 4.0| 3.9| 4.0| 3.8 | | | | | | | | | Men, 20 years and over | | | | | | | | | Civilian labor force............................| 59,340| 59,620| 59,707| 59,355| 59,403| 59,314| 59,592| 59,469| 59,713 Participation rate..........................| 77.5| 77.2| 77.3| 77.5| 77.2| 77.0| 77.3| 77.1| 77.3 Employed......................................| 57,490| 57,911| 58,041| 57,363| 57,436| 57,385| 57,584| 57,509| 57,925 Employment-population ratio.................| 75.1| 75.0| 75.1| 74.9| 74.6| 74.5| 74.7| 74.5| 75.0 Unemployed....................................| 1,849| 1,709| 1,666| 1,992| 1,967| 1,929| 2,008| 1,960| 1,788 Unemployment rate...........................| 3.1| 2.9| 2.8| 3.4| 3.3| 3.3| 3.4| 3.3| 3.0 | | | | | | | | | Women, 20 years and over | | | | | | | | | Civilian labor force............................| 49,286| 49,433| 49,468| 48,906| 48,705| 49,013| 49,110| 49,058| 49,071 Participation rate..........................| 60.3| 60.1| 60.1| 59.9| 59.3| 59.7| 59.8| 59.7| 59.6 Employed......................................| 47,717| 47,825| 47,863| 47,265| 47,087| 47,287| 47,492| 47,398| 47,389 Employment-population ratio.................| 58.4| 58.2| 58.2| 57.8| 57.4| 57.6| 57.8| 57.6| 57.6 Unemployed....................................| 1,569| 1,608| 1,605| 1,641| 1,618| 1,726| 1,618| 1,660| 1,683 Unemployment rate...........................| 3.2| 3.3| 3.2| 3.4| 3.3| 3.5| 3.3| 3.4| 3.4 | | | | | | | | | Both sexes, 16 to 19 years | | | | | | | | | Civilian labor force............................| 6,472| 6,751| 6,629| 6,812| 6,867| 6,949| 7,074| 7,075| 6,991 Participation rate..........................| 52.9| 53.9| 52.8| 55.6| 55.1| 55.6| 56.5| 56.4| 55.7 Employed......................................| 5,705| 5,863| 5,789| 5,976| 6,107| 6,036| 6,158| 6,106| 6,080 Employment-population ratio.................| 46.6| 46.8| 46.1| 48.8| 49.0| 48.3| 49.2| 48.7| 48.4 Unemployed....................................| 767| 888| 840| 836| 760| 913| 917| 969| 911 Unemployment rate...........................| 11.9| 13.2| 12.7| 12.3| 11.1| 13.1| 13.0| 13.7| 13.0 Men.......................................| 12.5| 13.8| 13.6| 12.8| 13.1| 14.3| 15.0| 14.0| 14.1 Women.....................................| 11.1| 12.4| 11.6| 11.6| 8.9| 11.9| 10.7| 13.4| 11.9 | | | | | | | | | BLACK | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............| 24,149| 24,496| 24,529| 24,149| 24,381| 24,418| 24,458| 24,496| 24,529 Civilian labor force............................| 15,627| 16,220| 16,214| 15,638| 16,059| 15,907| 15,982| 16,172| 16,231 Participation rate..........................| 64.7| 66.2| 66.1| 64.8| 65.9| 65.1| 65.3| 66.0| 66.2 Employed......................................| 14,232| 14,896| 14,900| 14,128| 14,508| 14,476| 14,510| 14,781| 14,813 Employment-population ratio.................| 58.9| 60.8| 60.7| 58.5| 59.5| 59.3| 59.3| 60.3| 60.4 Unemployed....................................| 1,395| 1,325| 1,315| 1,510| 1,551| 1,431| 1,472| 1,391| 1,418 Unemployment rate...........................| 8.9| 8.2| 8.1| 9.7| 9.7| 9.0| 9.2| 8.6| 8.7 | | | | | | | | | Men, 20 years and over | | | | | | | | | Civilian labor force............................| 6,993| 7,212| 7,133| 6,965| 7,120| 7,017| 6,975| 7,152| 7,103 Participation rate..........................| 72.4| 73.7| 72.8| 72.1| 73.2| 72.0| 71.5| 73.1| 72.5 Employed......................................| 6,486| 6,754| 6,662| 6,420| 6,485| 6,470| 6,475| 6,661| 6,602 Employment-population ratio.................| 67.2| 69.1| 68.0| 66.5| 66.7| 66.4| 66.3| 68.1| 67.4 Unemployed....................................| 507| 458| 471| 545| 635| 547| 499| 492| 501 Unemployment rate...........................| 7.3| 6.4| 6.6| 7.8| 8.9| 7.8| 7.2| 6.9| 7.1 | | | | | | | | | Women, 20 years and over | | | | | | | | | Civilian labor force............................| 7,740| 8,030| 8,071| 7,731| 7,921| 7,894| 7,918| 7,983| 8,064 Participation rate..........................| 64.0| 65.5| 65.7| 63.9| 64.9| 64.6| 64.7| 65.1| 65.7 Employed......................................| 7,132| 7,437| 7,501| 7,080| 7,296| 7,296| 7,277| 7,385| 7,449 Employment-population ratio.................| 59.0| 60.7| 61.1| 58.6| 59.8| 59.7| 59.4| 60.2| 60.7 Unemployed....................................| 608| 594| 570| 651| 625| 597| 641| 598| 615 Unemployment rate...........................| 7.8| 7.4| 7.1| 8.4| 7.9| 7.6| 8.1| 7.5| 7.6 | | | | | | | | | Both sexes, 16 to 19 years | | | | | | | | | Civilian labor force............................| 894| 978| 1,010| 942| 1,018| 996| 1,089| 1,037| 1,063 Participation rate..........................| 37.2| 39.8| 41.1| 39.2| 41.6| 40.6| 44.3| 42.2| 43.2 Employed......................................| 614| 705| 737| 628| 727| 709| 758| 735| 762 Employment-population ratio.................| 25.5| 28.7| 30.0| 26.1| 29.7| 28.9| 30.8| 29.9| 31.0 Unemployed....................................| 280| 273| 274| 314| 291| 287| 332| 302| 302 Unemployment rate...........................| 31.4| 27.9| 27.1| 33.3| 28.6| 28.8| 30.4| 29.1| 28.4 Men.......................................| 30.9| 31.2| 32.1| 35.0| 30.6| 29.7| 34.1| 35.1| 34.4 Women.....................................| 31.7| 25.0| 22.2| 31.9| 26.4| 28.1| 26.8| 23.8| 22.1 HISPANIC ORIGIN | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..............| 20,575| 21,286| 21,349| 20,575| 21,097| 21,159| 21,224| 21,286| 21,349 Civilian labor force............................| 13,964| 14,509| 14,384| 13,880| 14,240| 14,277| 14,484| 14,418| 14,326 Participation rate..........................| 67.9| 68.2| 67.4| 67.5| 67.5| 67.5| 68.2| 67.7| 67.1 Employed......................................| 13,050| 13,502| 13,425| 12,921| 13,219| 13,203| 13,413| 13,381| 13,318 Employment-population ratio.................| 63.4| 63.4| 62.9| 62.8| 62.7| 62.4| 63.2| 62.9| 62.4 Unemployed....................................| 914| 1,007| 960| 959| 1,022| 1,074| 1,071| 1,036| 1,008 Unemployment rate...........................| 6.5| 6.9| 6.7| 6.9| 7.2| 7.5| 7.4| 7.2| 7.0 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Not seasonally adjusted | Seasonally adjusted(1) | | _________________________________________________________________________________________ Educational attainment | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Less than a high school diploma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population......| 29,505 | 28,713 | 29,084 | 29,505 | 29,027 | 29,204 | 29,290 | 28,713 | 29,084 Civilian labor force....................| 12,505 | 12,143 | 12,410 | 12,511 | 12,548 | 12,450 | 12,597 | 12,321 | 12,424 Percent of population...............| 42.4 | 42.3 | 42.7 | 42.4 | 43.2 | 42.6 | 43.0 | 42.9 | 42.7 Employed..............................| 11,613 | 11,368 | 11,548 | 11,575 | 11,648 | 11,567 | 11,728 | 11,483 | 11,525 Employment-population ratio.........| 39.4 | 39.6 | 39.7 | 39.2 | 40.1 | 39.6 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 39.6 Unemployed............................| 893 | 774 | 862 | 936 | 901 | 883 | 869 | 838 | 899 Unemployment rate...................| 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.8 | 7.2 | | | | | | | | | High school graduates, no college (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population......| 57,310 | 57,666 | 57,273 | 57,310 | 57,374 | 57,729 | 57,589 | 57,666 | 57,273 Civilian labor force....................| 37,759 | 37,669 | 37,560 | 37,641 | 37,219 | 37,381 | 37,218 | 37,606 | 37,444 Percent of population...............| 65.9 | 65.3 | 65.6 | 65.7 | 64.9 | 64.8 | 64.6 | 65.2 | 65.4 Employed..............................| 36,376 | 36,287 | 36,159 | 36,193 | 35,694 | 35,898 | 35,693 | 36,106 | 35,980 Employment-population ratio.........| 63.5 | 62.9 | 63.1 | 63.2 | 62.2 | 62.2 | 62.0 | 62.6 | 62.8 Unemployed............................| 1,383 | 1,383 | 1,400 | 1,448 | 1,525 | 1,483 | 1,525 | 1,500 | 1,465 Unemployment rate...................| 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | | | | | | | | | Less than a bachelor's degree(3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population......| 42,417 | 42,573 | 42,863 | 42,417 | 42,293 | 41,842 | 41,769 | 42,573 | 42,863 Civilian labor force....................| 31,772 | 31,827 | 32,126 | 31,544 | 31,174 | 30,863 | 31,152 | 31,221 | 31,901 Percent of population...............| 74.9 | 74.8 | 75.0 | 74.4 | 73.7 | 73.8 | 74.6 | 73.3 | 74.4 Employed..............................| 30,854 | 30,916 | 31,280 | 30,574 | 30,224 | 29,987 | 30,216 | 30,280 | 31,001 Employment-population ratio.........| 72.7 | 72.6 | 73.0 | 72.1 | 71.5 | 71.7 | 72.3 | 71.1 | 72.3 Unemployed............................| 918 | 911 | 846 | 970 | 950 | 876 | 937 | 940 | 900 Unemployment rate...................| 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.8 | | | | | | | | | College graduates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional population......| 41,739 | 43,520 | 43,408 | 41,739 | 43,309 | 43,431 | 43,669 | 43,520 | 43,408 Civilian labor force....................| 33,707 | 35,034 | 34,775 | 33,505 | 34,721 | 34,847 | 35,015 | 34,813 | 34,528 Percent of population...............| 80.8 | 80.5 | 80.1 | 80.3 | 80.2 | 80.2 | 80.2 | 80.0 | 79.5 Employed..............................| 33,173 | 34,405 | 34,180 | 32,916 | 34,146 | 34,236 | 34,453 | 34,132 | 33,875 Employment-population ratio.........| 79.5 | 79.1 | 78.7 | 78.9 | 78.8 | 78.8 | 78.9 | 78.4 | 78.0 Unemployed............................| 534 | 629 | 594 | 589 | 575 | 611 | 562 | 681 | 652 Unemployment rate...................| 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |Not seasonally adjusted| Seasonally adjusted | | Category | | _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CHARACTERISTIC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total employed, 16 years and over.................|130,999|132,424|132,577|130,575|131,067|131,168|131,765|131,677|132,154 Married men, spouse present.....................| 43,129| 43,512| 43,483| 42,967| 42,837| 42,833| 43,255| 43,081| 43,310 Married women, spouse present...................| 33,162| 33,451| 33,264| 32,840| 32,658| 32,597| 32,870| 33,087| 32,902 Women who maintain families.....................| 7,740| 7,928| 7,956| 7,726| 7,846| 7,932| 8,002| 7,928| 7,948 | | | | | | | | | OCCUPATION | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Managerial and professional specialty...........| 38,300| 39,960| 39,779| 37,986| 39,011| 38,916| 39,607| 39,732| 39,459 Technical, sales, and administrative support....| 38,660| 38,556| 38,567| 38,540| 38,500| 38,889| 38,485| 38,441| 38,452 Service occupations.............................| 17,781| 17,577| 18,065| 17,827| 17,584| 17,727| 17,961| 17,630| 18,083 Precision production, craft, and repair.........| 14,186| 14,129| 14,478| 14,191| 14,312| 14,079| 13,963| 14,115| 14,551 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............| 18,723| 18,446| 18,276| 18,467| 18,145| 17,866| 18,047| 18,154| 18,022 Farming, forestry, and fishing..................| 3,349| 3,756| 3,413| 3,512| 3,503| 3,618| 3,621| 3,683| 3,589 | | | | | | | | | CLASS OF WORKER | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Agriculture: | | | | | | | | | Wage and salary workers.......................| 1,747| 2,284| 1,884| 1,855| 2,018| 2,165| 2,213| 2,309| 2,017 Self-employed workers.........................| 1,466| 1,310| 1,301| 1,493| 1,383| 1,345| 1,280| 1,265| 1,305 Unpaid family workers.........................| 46| 37| 41| 49| 30| 28| 43| 32| 41 Nonagricultural industries: | | | | | | | | | Wage and salary workers.......................|118,638|119,616|120,296|118,083|118,543|118,676|118,978|118,990|119,702 Government..................................| 18,384| 18,586| 18,861| 18,170| 18,364| 18,257| 18,415| 18,549| 18,637 Private industries..........................|100,255|101,030|101,435| 99,913|100,179|100,419|100,563|100,441|101,064 Private households........................| 913| 950| 967| 910| 974| 853| 900| 940| 975 Other industries..........................| 99,341|100,080|100,467| 99,003| 99,205| 99,566| 99,663| 99,502|100,089 Self-employed workers.........................| 9,009| 9,091| 8,951| 9,004| 9,094| 8,947| 9,159| 9,064| 8,942 Unpaid family workers.........................| 92| 87| 104| 97| 91| 83| 85| 91| 114 | | | | | | | | | PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All industries: | | | | | | | | | Part time for economic reasons................| 3,768| 3,086| 3,159| 3,890| 3,783| 3,463| 3,365| 3,362| 3,281 Slack work or business conditions...........| 2,153| 1,821| 1,816| 2,221| 2,372| 1,989| 1,897| 2,042| 1,874 Could only find part-time work..............| 1,334| 1,047| 1,095| 1,386| 1,192| 1,175| 1,152| 1,099| 1,147 Part time for noneconomic reasons.............| 19,316| 19,479| 19,814| 18,083| 18,584| 18,648| 18,857| 18,641| 18,604 | | | | | | | | | Nonagricultural industries: | | | | | | | | | Part time for economic reasons................| 3,575| 2,956| 3,018| 3,689| 3,632| 3,307| 3,152| 3,216| 3,131 Slack work or business conditions...........| 2,041| 1,724| 1,737| 2,100| 2,261| 1,900| 1,779| 1,933| 1,789 Could only find part-time work..............| 1,300| 1,030| 1,073| 1,346| 1,162| 1,143| 1,113| 1,081| 1,120 Part time for noneconomic reasons.............| 18,708| 18,896| 19,305| 17,486| 17,972| 18,001| 18,305| 18,082| 18,093 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Number of | | unemployed persons | Unemployment rates(1) | (in thousands) | _______________________________________________________________________ Category | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CHARACTERISTIC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 16 years and over.........................| 6,289| 6,299| 6,099| 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 Men, 20 years and over.........................| 2,676| 2,575| 2,418| 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.5 Women, 20 years and over.......................| 2,395| 2,388| 2,434| 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................| 1,218| 1,336| 1,248| 15.2 | 13.8 | 15.0 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 15.1 | | | | | | | | | Married men, spouse present....................| 1,044| 1,006| 981| 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 Married women, spouse present..................| 948| 939| 1,011| 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 Women who maintain families....................| 677| 585| 598| 8.1 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 7.0 | | | | | | | | | Full-time workers..............................| 4,987| 4,903| 4,714| 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.1 Part-time workers..............................| 1,329| 1,399| 1,357| 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.7 | 5.5 | | | | | | | | | OCCUPATION(2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Managerial and professional specialty..........| 652| 801| 699| 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.7 Technical, sales, and administrative support...| 1,575| 1,567| 1,471| 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7 Precision production, craft, and repair........| 671| 584| 611| 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........| 1,420| 1,319| 1,289| 7.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 6.7 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................| 250| 197| 233| 6.6 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 6.1 | | | | | | | | | INDUSTRY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers| 4,908| 4,934| 4,804| 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.5 Goods-producing industries...................| 1,331| 1,311| 1,318| 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.6 Mining.....................................| 22| 14| 12| 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 2.1 Construction...............................| 548| 458| 534| 7.9 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 9.0 | 6.5 | 7.4 Manufacturing..............................| 761| 839| 771| 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.7 Durable goods............................| 382| 400| 375| 3.1 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 3.0 Nondurable goods.........................| 379| 438| 396| 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 4.7 Service-producing industries.................| 3,577| 3,623| 3,486| 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.5 Transportation and public utilities........| 233| 257| 237| 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.1 Wholesale and retail trade.................| 1,634| 1,524| 1,403| 6.2 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate........| 190| 212| 244| 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 Services...................................| 1,520| 1,630| 1,602| 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.7 Government workers.............................| 426| 409| 387| 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.0 Agricultural wage and salary workers...........| 175| 156| 161| 8.6 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 6.3 | 7.4 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |Not seasonally adjusted| Seasonally adjusted | | _______________________________________________________________________ Duration | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Less than 5 weeks................................| 2,295| 2,617| 2,325| 2,423| 2,625| 2,675| 2,639| 2,857| 2,468 5 to 14 weeks....................................| 1,943| 1,728| 1,930| 2,048| 1,983| 1,960| 1,999| 1,841| 2,038 15 weeks and over................................| 1,675| 1,486| 1,456| 1,865| 1,600| 1,647| 1,651| 1,589| 1,630 15 to 26 weeks................................| 791| 652| 649| 899| 793| 820| 733| 699| 742 27 weeks and over.............................| 884| 834| 807| 966| 807| 827| 918| 890| 888 | | | | | | | | | Average (mean) duration, in weeks................| 15.3| 14.6| 14.3| 15.6| 14.3| 13.5| 14.3| 14.3| 14.6 Median duration, in weeks........................| 7.3| 5.7| 6.4| 7.8| 6.6| 6.9| 6.6| 5.8| 6.7 | | | | | | | | | PERCENT DISTRIBUTION | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total unemployed.................................| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0 Less than 5 weeks..............................| 38.8| 44.9| 40.7| 38.2| 42.3| 42.6| 42.0| 45.4| 40.2 5 to 14 weeks..................................| 32.9| 29.6| 33.8| 32.3| 31.9| 31.2| 31.8| 29.3| 33.2 15 weeks and over..............................| 28.3| 25.5| 25.5| 29.4| 25.8| 26.2| 26.2| 25.3| 26.6 15 to 26 weeks...............................| 13.4| 11.2| 11.4| 14.2| 12.8| 13.0| 11.7| 11.1| 12.1 27 weeks and over............................| 15.0| 14.3| 14.1| 15.2| 13.0| 13.2| 14.6| 14.2| 14.5 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | |Not seasonally adjusted| Seasonally adjusted | | _______________________________________________________________________ Reason | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Job losers and persons who completed temporary | | | | | | | | | jobs...........................................| 2,698| 2,426| 2,587| 2,886| 2,908| 2,852| 2,902| 2,815| 2,743 On temporary layoff.............................| 707| 584| 739| 815| 966| 978| 939| 831| 844 Not on temporary layoff.........................| 1,992| 1,842| 1,848| 2,071| 1,941| 1,874| 1,963| 1,984| 1,900 Permanent job losers..........................| 1,304| 1,218| 1,217| (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs..........| 688| 625| 631| (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) Job leavers.......................................| 661| 757| 651| 655| 799| 740| 724| 734| 654 Reentrants........................................| 2,099| 2,137| 2,027| 2,229| 2,042| 2,132| 2,195| 2,170| 2,156 New entrants......................................| 456| 509| 446| 560| 463| 503| 487| 589| 545 | | | | | | | | | PERCENT DISTRIBUTION | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total unemployed..................................| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary | | | | | | | | | jobs...........................................| 45.6| 41.6| 45.3| 45.6| 46.8| 45.8| 46.0| 44.6| 45.0 On temporary layoff............................| 12.0| 10.0| 12.9| 12.9| 15.6| 15.7| 14.9| 13.2| 13.8 Not on temporary layoff........................| 33.7| 31.6| 32.4| 32.7| 31.3| 30.1| 31.1| 31.5| 31.2 Job leavers......................................| 11.2| 13.0| 11.4| 10.3| 12.9| 11.9| 11.5| 11.6| 10.7 Reentrants.......................................| 35.5| 36.7| 35.5| 35.2| 32.9| 34.2| 34.8| 34.4| 35.4 New entrants.....................................| 7.7| 8.7| 7.8| 8.8| 7.5| 8.1| 7.7| 9.3| 8.9 | | | | | | | | | UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE | | | | | | | | | CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Job losers and persons who completed temporary | | | | | | | | | jobs...........................................| 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0 Job leavers......................................| .5| .5| .5| .5| .6| .5| .5| .5| .5 Reentrants.......................................| 1.5| 1.5| 1.5| 1.6| 1.5| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6| 1.6 New entrants.....................................| .3| .4| .3| .4| .3| .4| .4| .4| .4 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Not seasonally | Seasonally adjusted | adjusted | Measure | | ______________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept.| Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of | | | | | | | | | the civilian | | | | | | | | | labor force..............................................| 1.2| 1.1| 1.1| 1.4| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2| 1.2 | | | | | | | | | U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as | | | | | | | | | a percent of the | | | | | | | | | civilian labor force.....................................| 2.0| 1.8| 1.9| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.1| 2.0| 2.0 | | | | | | | | | U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor | | | | | | | | | force | | | | | | | | | (official unemployment rate).............................| 4.3| 4.2| 4.1| 4.6| 4.5| 4.5| 4.6| 4.6| 4.4 | | | | | | | | | U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent | | | | | | | | | of the civilian | | | | | | | | | labor force plus discouraged workers....................| 4.5| 4.4| 4.3| (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | | | | | | | | | U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all | | | | | | | | | other marginally | | | | | | | | | attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor | | | | | | | | | force plus all marginally | | | | | | | | | attached workers........................................| 5.2| 5.1| 5.0| (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | | | | | | | | | U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, | | | | | | | | | plus total employed | | | | | | | | | part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the | | | | | | | | | civilian labor force plus | | | | | | | | | all marginally attached workers.........................| 8.0| 7.3| 7.2| (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) | (1) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Number of | | unemployed persons | Unemployment rates(1) | (in thousands) | Age and sex | | _______________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Oct. | Nov. | Nov. | July | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 | 1998 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 16 years and over..........................| 6,289| 6,299| 6,099| 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 16 to 24 years..................................| 2,360| 2,324| 2,165| 10.9 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 10.5 | 9.9 16 to 19 years................................| 1,218| 1,336| 1,248| 15.2 | 13.8 | 15.0 | 15.4 | 16.0 | 15.1 16 to 17 years..............................| 574| 623| 606| 17.6 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 17.9 | 18.8 | 18.4 18 to 19 years..............................| 646| 710| 650| 13.6 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 13.1 20 to 24 years................................| 1,142| 988| 917| 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.7 | 8.3 | 7.2 | 6.7 25 years and over...............................| 3,923| 3,970| 3,898| 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 25 to 54 years................................| 3,461| 3,520| 3,374| 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 55 years and over.............................| 472| 456| 529| 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.1 | | | | | | | | | Men, 16 years and over..........................| 3,330| 3,294| 3,138| 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.2 16 to 24 years................................| 1,325| 1,259| 1,190| 11.6 | 11.4 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 11.0 | 10.3 16 to 19 years..............................| 654| 720| 720| 15.6 | 15.9 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 16.6 16 to 17 years............................| 312| 369| 348| 18.2 | 17.3 | 18.6 | 20.7 | 21.8 | 20.2 18 to 19 years............................| 349| 347| 379| 14.1 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 15.7 | 13.5 | 14.6 20 to 24 years..............................| 671| 539| 470| 9.3 | 8.7 | 8.9 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 6.5 25 years and over.............................| 2,005| 2,036| 1,926| 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 25 to 54 years..............................| 1,727| 1,764| 1,620| 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.0 55 years and over...........................| 278| 271| 300| 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.1 | | | | | | | | | Women, 16 years and over........................| 2,959| 3,004| 2,961| 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.6 16 to 24 years................................| 1,035| 1,066| 975| 10.1 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 9.4 16 to 19 years..............................| 564| 617| 528| 14.7 | 11.5 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 15.1 | 13.4 16 to 17 years............................| 262| 254| 257| 17.0 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 16.4 18 to 19 years............................| 297| 363| 271| 13.0 | 11.2 | 13.3 | 11.9 | 14.8 | 11.4 20 to 24 years..............................| 471| 449| 447| 7.4 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 7.0 25 years and over.............................| 1,918| 1,934| 1,972| 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.7 25 to 54 years..............................| 1,734| 1,756| 1,754| 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 55 years and over...........................| 194| 185| 229| 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.0 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Total | Men | Women | | | _________________________________________________________________ Category | | | | | | | | | | Nov. | Nov. | Nov. | Nov. | Nov. | Nov. | 1997 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total not in the labor force......................................| 67,029 | 67,816 | 24,715 | 25,056 | 42,313 | 42,761 Persons who currently want a job................................| 4,469 | 4,212 | 1,841 | 1,783 | 2,628 | 2,429 Searched for work and vailable to work now(1)................| 1,337 | 1,240 | 589 | 580 | 748 | 659 Reason not currently looking: | | | | | | Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................| 331 | 310 | 182 | 198 | 149 | 112 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................| 1,006 | 930 | 407 | 383 | 599 | 547 | | | | | | MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS | | | | | | | | | | | | Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................| 8,156 | 8,307 | 4,311 | 4,331 | 3,844 | 3,975 Percent of total employed.....................................| 6.2 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | | | | | | Primary job full time, secondary job part time................| 4,609 | 4,609 | 2,741 | 2,651 | 1,868 | 1,959 Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................| 1,849 | 1,794 | 512 | 544 | 1,337 | 1,250 Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................| 194 | 308 | 132 | 211 | 62 | 97 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................| 1,468 | 1,563 | 906 | 906 | 562 | 657 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1997 1998 1998p 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998p 1998p Total......................... 124,965 126,798 127,485 127,818 123,944 125,869 126,191 126,363 126,508 126,775 Total private.................... 104,869 107,068 107,239 107,388 104,282 106,043 106,269 106,435 106,567 106,816 Goods-producing......................... 25,287 25,610 25,521 25,389 25,099 25,135 25,253 25,241 25,208 25,205 Mining................................ 594 574 570 564 591 571 571 568 564 561 Metal mining........................ 52.9 50.6 50.4 50.2 53 50 50 50 50 50 Coal mining......................... 94.3 89.0 89.1 89.9 94 89 90 89 89 90 Oil and gas extraction.............. 338.6 323.0 319.3 314.3 337 325 323 321 317 313 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 108.2 111.8 111.1 109.2 107 107 108 108 108 108 Construction.......................... 5,879 6,259 6,270 6,192 5,750 5,970 5,989 5,981 6,013 6,060 General building contractors........ 1,355.8 1,448.4 1,453.1 1,442.2 1,335 1,410 1,413 1,410 1,420 1,417 Heavy construction, except building. 823.4 901.4 905.1 869.7 788 828 829 820 824 836 Special trade contractors........... 3,699.8 3,909.6 3,912.0 3,880.2 3,627 3,732 3,747 3,751 3,769 3,807 Manufacturing......................... 18,814 18,777 18,681 18,633 18,758 18,594 18,693 18,692 18,631 18,584 Production workers................ 13,023 12,946 12,864 12,823 12,970 12,746 12,836 12,865 12,817 12,771 Durable goods........................ 11,126 11,103 11,066 11,043 11,094 10,989 11,106 11,090 11,060 11,017 Production workers................ 7,649 7,592 7,570 7,556 7,621 7,468 7,577 7,584 7,566 7,527 Lumber and wood products............ 799.3 815.9 815.1 812.5 795 802 802 805 806 809 Furniture and fixtures.............. 515.6 523.9 525.4 526.7 513 528 526 524 524 524 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 557.4 574.0 572.9 570.9 554 561 564 564 565 568 Primary metal industries............ 718.0 711.5 705.3 701.1 715 706 714 712 706 699 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 236.3 231.8 229.4 226.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,493.9 1,488.7 1,487.4 1,486.3 1,488 1,477 1,490 1,487 1,486 1,481 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,186.5 2,174.5 2,163.8 2,155.5 2,191 2,193 2,190 2,185 2,175 2,160 Computer and office equipment..... 378.7 372.8 370.7 366.6 379 375 373 374 370 367 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,714.9 1,688.7 1,678.4 1,676.1 1,707 1,701 1,694 1,688 1,679 1,671 Electronic components and accessories.................... 672.8 657.2 652.8 651.6 672 667 661 659 654 652 Transportation equipment............ 1,882.1 1,882.2 1,882.5 1,885.5 1,878 1,772 1,884 1,883 1,888 1,881 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,006.6 996.3 998.0 1,002.7 1,005 878 995 995 1,000 1,002 Aircraft and parts................ 518.7 523.5 522.4 521.5 516 526 526 524 523 519 Instruments and related products.... 867.3 854.4 849.1 844.4 867 861 857 855 850 845 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 390.9 388.8 385.9 383.5 386 388 385 387 381 379 Nondurable goods..................... 7,688 7,674 7,615 7,590 7,664 7,605 7,587 7,602 7,571 7,567 Production workers................ 5,374 5,354 5,294 5,267 5,349 5,278 5,259 5,281 5,251 5,244 Food and kindred products........... 1,704.9 1,768.4 1,731.9 1,717.9 1,696 1,696 1,690 1,704 1,700 1,709 Tobacco products.................... 43.6 41.2 41.9 41.9 42 40 40 39 40 40 Textile mill products............... 611.2 594.9 588.4 584.8 611 594 591 593 589 584 Apparel and other textile products.. 814.1 766.2 752.0 739.0 810 772 762 761 745 735 Paper and allied products........... 686.6 680.9 676.1 675.1 686 680 680 679 677 675 Printing and publishing............. 1,564.6 1,562.2 1,566.2 1,572.3 1,560 1,571 1,568 1,568 1,568 1,568 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,034.0 1,035.0 1,035.2 1,035.4 1,035 1,038 1,036 1,036 1,035 1,037 Petroleum and coal products......... 139.4 137.0 136.4 135.3 138 135 134 135 134 134 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,000.8 1,008.4 1,006.6 1,008.8 999 998 1,006 1,007 1,004 1,007 Leather and leather products........ 88.4 79.9 80.1 79.0 87 81 80 80 79 78 Service-producing....................... 99,678 101,188 101,964 102,429 98,845 100,734 100,938 101,122 101,300 101,570 Transportation and public utilities... 6,498 6,623 6,643 6,644 6,456 6,550 6,570 6,579 6,593 6,600 Transportation...................... 4,188 4,277 4,293 4,293 4,147 4,208 4,235 4,237 4,244 4,249 Railroad transportation........... 229.1 235.8 235.2 234.6 228 231 232 234 233 234 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 467.5 477.3 485.4 483.4 453 466 469 466 468 468 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,692.1 1,743.2 1,746.7 1,735.6 1,678 1,709 1,719 1,716 1,721 1,721 Water transportation.............. 177.5 195.2 192.8 190.2 180 188 192 191 190 193 Transportation by air............. 1,165.8 1,160.3 1,163.7 1,179.0 1,151 1,154 1,161 1,166 1,165 1,163 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.2 14.3 14.2 14.3 14 14 14 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 442.1 450.7 454.9 455.9 443 446 448 450 453 456 Communications and public utilities. 2,310 2,346 2,350 2,351 2,309 2,342 2,335 2,342 2,349 2,351 Communications.................... 1,452.6 1,493.8 1,500.7 1,501.7 1,449 1,488 1,483 1,490 1,499 1,499 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 857.3 852.2 848.9 849.3 860 854 852 852 850 852 Wholesale trade....................... 6,724 6,872 6,886 6,880 6,711 6,827 6,838 6,862 6,861 6,868 Durable goods....................... 3,987 4,089 4,096 4,097 3,989 4,072 4,084 4,094 4,095 4,099 Nondurable goods.................... 2,737 2,783 2,790 2,783 2,722 2,755 2,754 2,768 2,766 2,769 Retail trade.......................... 22,562 22,654 22,661 23,014 22,206 22,547 22,545 22,592 22,598 22,663 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 938.6 988.3 986.8 983.2 944 977 979 984 987 991 General merchandise stores.......... 2,972.3 2,776.2 2,856.1 3,036.3 2,761 2,790 2,784 2,800 2,809 2,834 Department stores................. 2,624.1 2,446.3 2,523.2 2,685.2 2,433 2,454 2,459 2,466 2,478 2,497 Food stores......................... 3,551.7 3,553.1 3,562.4 3,597.7 3,516 3,552 3,551 3,557 3,555 3,561 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,325.9 2,375.3 2,376.8 2,372.9 2,328 2,355 2,354 2,361 2,368 2,374 New and used car dealers.......... 1,055.5 1,068.6 1,070.4 1,071.1 1,056 1,066 1,064 1,065 1,067 1,071 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,155.2 1,091.0 1,096.7 1,146.3 1,105 1,111 1,112 1,109 1,101 1,097 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,052.9 1,060.8 1,076.7 1,103.6 1,029 1,063 1,070 1,071 1,074 1,078 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,596.0 7,917.5 7,770.2 7,749.9 7,666 7,781 7,770 7,790 7,788 7,818 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,969.7 2,891.5 2,935.7 3,024.4 2,857 2,918 2,925 2,920 2,916 2,910 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,151 7,399 7,405 7,415 7,172 7,370 7,372 7,393 7,415 7,438 Finance............................. 3,456 3,572 3,584 3,598 3,463 3,565 3,572 3,578 3,596 3,606 Depository institutions........... 2,030.6 2,034.5 2,034.4 2,038.7 2,035 2,042 2,042 2,038 2,043 2,043 Commercial banks................ 1,461.9 1,451.9 1,450.6 1,453.5 1,464 1,459 1,457 1,456 1,456 1,456 Savings institutions............ 259.6 262.7 262.5 263.0 261 265 264 264 265 264 Nondepository institutions........ 579.6 628.7 636.6 645.4 582 624 628 630 639 649 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 258.6 297.1 302.4 307.5 261 289 294 298 304 310 Security and commodity brokers.... 615.0 661.2 664.8 663.2 616 655 657 662 665 664 Holding and other investment offices........................ 230.3 247.2 248.5 250.4 230 244 245 248 249 250 Insurance........................... 2,279 2,343 2,350 2,354 2,281 2,337 2,339 2,346 2,350 2,356 Insurance carriers................ 1,549.9 1,597.6 1,601.5 1,603.5 1,550 1,594 1,595 1,599 1,601 1,604 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 729.1 745.1 748.2 750.3 731 743 744 747 749 752 Real estate......................... 1,416 1,484 1,471 1,463 1,428 1,468 1,461 1,469 1,469 1,476 Services2............................. 36,647 37,910 38,123 38,046 36,638 37,614 37,691 37,768 37,892 38,042 Agricultural services............... 693.0 760.9 754.6 731.9 694 713 718 719 720 732 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,687.2 1,833.1 1,778.2 1,710.9 1,754 1,781 1,786 1,781 1,782 1,780 Personal services................... 1,155.5 1,145.3 1,148.7 1,147.8 1,185 1,184 1,185 1,179 1,178 1,177 Business services................... 8,342.3 8,708.1 8,834.3 8,849.4 8,226 8,565 8,619 8,605 8,674 8,729 Services to buildings............. 948.1 987.3 989.5 991.9 947 980 978 986 987 990 Personnel supply services......... 3,180.7 3,254.4 3,311.6 3,293.2 3,074 3,151 3,178 3,152 3,158 3,184 Help supply services............ 2,845.6 2,914.8 2,966.0 2,946.0 2,741 2,815 2,850 2,818 2,825 2,847 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,475.7 1,639.2 1,656.0 1,672.4 1,475 1,622 1,632 1,643 1,659 1,673 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,135.8 1,170.4 1,170.5 1,171.7 1,138 1,162 1,167 1,168 1,168 1,174 Miscellaneous repair services....... 379.5 390.6 391.3 391.4 379 385 386 388 389 391 Motion pictures..................... 553.4 559.9 555.6 552.8 557 564 566 568 567 558 Amusement and recreation services... 1,444.6 1,810.9 1,657.8 1,550.2 1,610 1,694 1,705 1,717 1,718 1,729 Health services..................... 9,815.9 9,924.9 9,946.3 9,968.1 9,807 9,902 9,919 9,937 9,945 9,959 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,770.2 1,833.2 1,841.4 1,846.6 1,772 1,817 1,828 1,835 1,842 1,848 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,763.6 1,757.1 1,755.2 1,758.1 1,760 1,756 1,754 1,758 1,755 1,755 Hospitals......................... 3,902.2 3,964.7 3,974.5 3,980.6 3,901 3,960 3,966 3,971 3,977 3,979 Home health care services......... 719.3 668.0 667.4 667.3 714 673 670 667 662 662 Legal services...................... 957.2 982.8 989.8 994.2 959 984 985 991 995 995 Educational services................ 2,325.5 2,169.0 2,385.3 2,430.5 2,155 2,205 2,198 2,218 2,237 2,252 Social services..................... 2,562.5 2,642.3 2,667.6 2,682.9 2,552 2,657 2,632 2,652 2,658 2,673 Child day care services........... 585.7 586.6 598.2 602.4 571 583 586 583 583 587 Residential care.................. 728.5 755.5 759.0 761.2 730 749 752 758 762 763 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 88.4 93.6 93.0 90.8 91 91 92 92 92 93 Membership organizations............ 2,233.8 2,254.1 2,266.3 2,267.9 2,247 2,272 2,273 2,276 2,280 2,281 Engineering and management services. 3,077.4 3,267.8 3,286.9 3,308.8 3,089 3,259 3,264 3,280 3,292 3,322 Engineering and architectural services....................... 885.5 929.5 929.7 930.4 885 925 927 926 928 931 Management and public relations... 974.3 1,067.7 1,076.8 1,091.0 975 1,052 1,055 1,066 1,074 1,092 Services, nec....................... 51.3 52.9 53.4 53.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 20,096 19,730 20,246 20,430 19,662 19,826 19,922 19,928 19,941 19,959 Federal............................. 2,679 2,685 2,693 2,699 2,689 2,672 2,683 2,687 2,712 2,706 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,810.9 1,818.0 1,821.8 1,813.7 1,826 1,810 1,816 1,813 1,833 1,829 State............................... 4,749 4,638 4,778 4,801 4,613 4,645 4,661 4,680 4,662 4,664 Education......................... 2,082.1 1,909.3 2,069.9 2,097.9 1,923 1,938 1,949 1,960 1,943 1,938 Other State government............ 2,666.4 2,729.1 2,707.8 2,702.8 2,690 2,707 2,712 2,720 2,719 2,726 Local............................... 12,668 12,407 12,775 12,930 12,360 12,509 12,578 12,561 12,567 12,589 Education......................... 7,330.2 6,941.2 7,364.9 7,486.8 6,959 7,078 7,128 7,088 7,088 7,112 Other local government............ 5,337.6 5,465.5 5,410.2 5,442.9 5,401 5,431 5,450 5,473 5,479 5,477 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1997 1998 1998p 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998p 1998p Total private.................... 34.8 34.3 34.6 34.7 34.7 34.6 34.6 34.4 34.6 34.6 Goods-producing......................... 41.4 40.4 41.4 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.1 40.8 41.1 41.0 Mining................................ 45.6 42.9 43.8 44.1 45.2 44.8 43.8 43.2 43.7 43.7 Construction.......................... 37.8 37.5 40.0 38.6 38.2 39.2 39.1 38.4 39.1 38.9 Manufacturing......................... 42.6 41.5 41.9 42.1 42.1 41.7 41.7 41.6 41.7 41.6 Overtime hours.................... 5.2 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.5 Durable goods........................ 43.3 41.8 42.5 42.6 42.9 42.2 42.3 42.2 42.3 42.2 Overtime hours.................... 5.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.6 Lumber and wood products............ 41.4 40.5 41.5 41.6 41.1 41.2 41.2 40.6 41.1 41.3 Furniture and fixtures.............. 41.2 39.7 40.9 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.1 40.5 40.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.1 43.9 44.1 43.5 42.9 43.5 43.6 43.3 43.5 43.3 Primary metal industries............ 45.5 43.8 43.5 44.0 45.2 43.6 44.1 43.7 43.6 43.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 45.5 44.3 43.0 43.0 45.3 43.8 44.5 44.2 43.7 43.0 Fabricated metal products........... 43.3 41.6 42.5 42.8 42.7 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.2 42.1 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 44.0 41.8 42.4 42.4 43.7 43.0 43.1 42.7 42.7 42.1 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 42.7 41.0 41.5 42.2 42.0 41.3 41.7 41.5 41.5 41.5 Transportation equipment............ 44.5 43.3 44.1 44.3 44.1 42.6 42.6 43.7 43.6 43.8 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.8 43.8 44.5 44.8 44.5 41.7 42.3 44.3 43.8 44.3 Instruments and related products.... 42.6 40.6 41.1 41.5 42.2 41.3 41.4 41.0 41.1 41.0 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 41.2 39.3 40.2 40.2 40.5 40.0 40.1 39.6 39.8 39.5 Nondurable goods..................... 41.5 41.0 41.1 41.4 41.0 41.0 40.9 40.8 40.9 40.9 Overtime hours.................... 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 Food and kindred products........... 42.2 42.5 42.0 42.5 41.5 42.0 41.5 41.7 41.5 41.8 Tobacco products.................... 39.5 37.4 39.1 38.5 39.0 40.6 39.6 37.7 38.5 38.0 Textile mill products............... 41.9 40.5 41.1 41.3 41.5 41.0 41.0 40.4 41.1 40.8 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.6 36.7 37.6 37.7 37.2 37.4 37.5 37.3 37.3 37.4 Paper and allied products........... 44.4 44.1 43.7 44.0 44.0 43.5 43.3 43.6 43.6 43.6 Printing and publishing............. 39.3 38.5 38.4 38.6 38.8 38.4 38.5 38.1 38.2 38.1 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.7 43.4 43.2 43.4 43.4 43.0 43.3 43.2 43.3 43.1 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.4 43.2 43.9 44.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 42.5 41.4 41.8 42.1 42.0 42.1 41.6 41.7 41.8 41.6 Leather and leather products........ 38.5 37.2 37.6 37.8 38.2 37.0 38.1 37.4 37.4 37.4 Service-producing....................... 33.0 32.7 32.8 33.1 32.9 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.9 32.9 Transportation and public utilities... 40.4 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.9 39.6 39.3 39.3 39.4 39.3 Wholesale trade....................... 38.7 38.1 38.3 38.7 38.5 38.3 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 28.8 29.1 28.9 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.0 29.0 29.1 29.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.7 35.9 36.0 36.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.8 32.3 32.6 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1997 1998 1998p 1998p 1997 1998 1998p 1998p Total private.................... $12.53 $12.89 $12.92 $12.99 $436.04 $442.13 $447.03 $450.75 Seasonally adjusted............. 12.47 12.87 12.90 12.93 432.71 442.73 446.34 447.38 Goods-producing......................... 14.12 14.47 14.49 14.50 584.57 584.59 599.89 597.40 Mining................................ 16.41 17.16 17.14 17.27 748.30 736.16 750.73 761.61 Construction.......................... 16.28 16.76 16.85 16.80 615.38 628.50 674.00 648.48 Manufacturing......................... 13.36 13.60 13.54 13.61 569.14 564.40 567.33 572.98 Durable goods........................ 13.95 14.08 14.03 14.10 604.04 588.54 596.28 600.66 Lumber and wood products............ 10.91 11.19 11.23 11.27 451.67 453.20 466.05 468.83 Furniture and fixtures.............. 10.69 10.98 10.98 10.96 440.43 435.91 449.08 448.26 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.36 13.82 13.68 13.68 575.82 606.70 603.29 595.08 Primary metal industries............ 15.38 15.61 15.28 15.35 699.79 683.72 664.68 675.40 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.28 18.75 18.09 18.20 831.74 830.63 777.87 782.60 Fabricated metal products........... 12.93 13.18 13.19 13.23 559.87 548.29 560.58 566.24 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.30 14.53 14.54 14.63 629.20 607.35 616.50 620.31 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.00 13.26 13.15 13.30 555.10 543.66 545.73 561.26 Transportation equipment............ 17.94 17.53 17.49 17.57 798.33 759.05 771.31 778.35 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.53 17.85 17.70 17.78 830.14 781.83 787.65 796.54 Instruments and related products.... 13.66 13.84 13.81 13.87 581.92 561.90 567.59 575.61 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10.71 10.96 11.01 11.00 441.25 430.73 442.60 442.20 Nondurable goods..................... 12.48 12.91 12.83 12.89 517.92 529.31 527.31 533.65 Food and kindred products........... 11.60 11.95 11.82 11.94 489.52 507.88 496.44 507.45 Tobacco products.................... 17.88 18.03 17.08 17.49 706.26 674.32 667.83 673.37 Textile mill products............... 10.16 10.48 10.44 10.50 425.70 424.44 429.08 433.65 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.32 8.62 8.65 8.65 312.83 316.35 325.24 326.11 Paper and allied products........... 15.22 15.83 15.58 15.63 675.77 698.10 680.85 687.72 Printing and publishing............. 13.24 13.64 13.62 13.56 520.33 525.14 523.01 523.42 Chemicals and allied products....... 16.85 17.31 17.23 17.30 736.35 751.25 744.34 750.82 Petroleum and coal products......... 20.39 20.80 21.01 20.94 884.93 898.56 922.34 929.74 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 11.64 11.98 11.90 11.98 494.70 495.97 497.42 504.36 Leather and leather products........ 9.14 9.37 9.44 9.42 351.89 348.56 354.94 356.08 Service-producing....................... 12.00 12.37 12.40 12.50 396.00 404.50 406.72 413.75 Transportation and public utilities... $15.19 $15.46 $15.38 $15.48 $613.68 $607.58 $605.97 $614.56 Wholesale trade....................... 13.76 14.10 14.13 14.25 532.51 537.21 541.18 551.48 Retail trade.......................... 8.51 8.90 8.85 8.87 245.09 258.99 255.77 256.34 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 13.72 14.10 14.21 14.44 503.52 506.19 511.56 531.39 Services.............................. 12.57 12.97 13.01 13.15 412.30 418.93 424.13 432.64 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. change Industry 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998p 1998p from: Oct. 1998- Nov. 1998 Total private: Current dollars.............. $12.47 $12.79 $12.85 $12.87 $12.90 $12.93 0.2 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.62 7.75 7.78 7.79 7.79 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 14.10 14.31 14.39 14.39 14.43 14.47 .3 Mining...................... 16.48 16.88 17.10 17.15 17.21 17.30 .5 Construction................ 16.24 16.64 16.67 16.57 16.68 16.76 .5 Manufacturing............... 13.34 13.42 13.52 13.57 13.57 13.59 .1 Excluding overtime4....... 12.61 12.71 12.81 12.90 12.89 12.90 .1 Service-producing............. 11.93 12.30 12.35 12.38 12.40 12.44 .3 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.10 15.33 15.35 15.42 15.37 15.40 .2 Wholesale trade............. 13.72 14.07 14.16 14.14 14.19 14.20 .1 Retail trade................ 8.49 8.78 8.83 8.86 8.84 8.85 .1 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 13.65 14.10 14.16 14.17 14.25 14.37 .8 Services.................... 12.48 12.90 12.95 12.99 13.03 13.06 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from September 1998 to October 1998, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. Sept. Oct. Nov. Nov. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. 1997 1998 1998p 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998p 1998p Total private.................... 144.6 145.3 146.8 147.5 143.2 145.2 145.3 144.9 145.7 145.8 Goods-producing......................... 116.7 115.2 117.5 116.1 114.9 114.2 114.7 114.1 114.6 114.2 Mining................................ 58.5 53.4 54.2 53.7 57.9 55.5 54.0 53.1 53.4 52.9 Construction.......................... 157.4 166.3 177.6 168.6 154.4 164.6 164.3 160.9 164.7 165.1 Manufacturing......................... 111.8 108.3 108.6 108.9 110.1 107.2 108.0 108.0 107.8 107.2 Durable goods........................ 115.6 110.6 112.1 112.4 113.9 109.9 111.8 111.7 111.6 110.7 Lumber and wood products............ 144.4 143.9 147.0 147.1 142.3 144.0 143.8 141.9 143.9 145.0 Furniture and fixtures.............. 132.9 130.2 134.3 134.9 130.2 134.3 133.7 131.4 132.7 131.7 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 114.0 119.4 119.7 117.8 112.6 115.2 116.0 115.4 116.0 116.2 Primary metal industries............ 97.1 92.4 90.9 91.4 95.9 91.1 93.3 92.3 91.2 90.4 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 74.4 71.3 68.1 67.3 74.0 71.2 71.9 71.0 69.4 67.2 Fabricated metal products........... 121.3 115.9 118.3 119.0 119.0 117.0 117.5 117.7 117.3 116.6 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 111.9 105.6 106.9 106.4 111.4 109.8 110.0 108.7 108.4 106.1 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 114.8 107.2 108.0 109.4 112.4 108.7 109.1 108.9 108.1 107.1 Transportation equipment............ 132.4 124.8 127.6 128.5 131.0 112.2 122.8 126.5 126.8 126.4 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 172.4 159.7 162.9 165.2 169.9 129.0 153.5 161.9 161.1 161.6 Instruments and related products.... 77.8 74.4 74.9 75.3 77.0 76.1 75.9 75.2 75.0 74.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 106.4 100.4 101.7 100.7 102.9 102.0 101.5 100.3 98.9 97.4 Nondurable goods..................... 106.6 105.0 103.9 104.1 104.9 103.5 102.8 103.0 102.6 102.4 Food and kindred products........... 120.6 126.9 122.3 122.7 117.8 118.9 116.8 118.9 118.0 119.7 Tobacco products.................... 67.5 60.5 64.1 63.0 63.7 60.3 58.8 57.9 59.1 58.3 Textile mill products............... 90.2 84.8 84.9 84.7 89.3 85.7 85.0 84.3 85.0 83.7 Apparel and other textile products.. 73.2 66.4 66.6 65.4 72.0 68.3 67.5 67.0 65.2 64.4 Paper and allied products........... 113.2 111.6 109.4 110.4 112.2 109.4 109.1 109.9 109.5 109.3 Printing and publishing............. 129.3 125.1 124.6 125.5 127.2 125.4 125.4 124.1 124.3 123.2 Chemicals and allied products....... 102.9 103.3 102.6 103.0 102.1 102.6 102.8 102.7 102.8 102.3 Petroleum and coal products......... 75.7 75.0 75.7 75.9 74.4 75.5 73.8 73.9 73.6 75.0 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 149.5 146.7 148.0 149.2 147.2 147.0 146.6 147.3 147.1 147.2 Leather and leather products........ 39.7 34.0 34.5 34.3 38.7 34.7 35.1 33.9 33.9 33.3 Service-producing....................... 157.2 158.7 160.0 161.6 155.9 159.1 159.0 158.7 159.7 160.0 Transportation and public utilities... 133.8 132.3 133.0 134.1 131.1 131.4 131.2 131.2 131.9 131.5 Wholesale trade....................... 128.3 128.8 129.7 130.8 127.2 128.6 129.0 128.7 129.0 129.7 Retail trade.......................... 141.1 142.5 141.5 144.0 139.4 141.9 141.3 141.5 142.0 141.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 132.5 134.7 135.2 138.3 131.5 136.1 136.2 135.6 136.1 137.0 Services.............................. 191.1 193.8 197.2 198.0 190.3 195.2 195.2 194.6 196.3 196.9 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1994.............. 59.3 60.5 67.0 64.5 58.6 63.3 63.8 61.7 61.5 60.4 64.0 61.7 1995.............. 62.5 60.0 54.9 55.6 47.8 55.6 54.8 59.0 58.0 55.8 54.5 58.8 1996.............. 50.8 64.6 59.6 56.6 62.8 61.0 57.3 61.5 56.0 62.5 62.2 60.7 1997.............. 58.0 61.4 59.8 63.6 60.1 54.6 61.1 59.1 60.0 64.3 62.4 64.9 1998.............. 63.8 58.7 59.6 56.9 56.6 59.0 55.1 53.9 53.5 p51.0 p56.0 Over 3-month span: 1994.............. 64.5 69.2 69.9 68.4 66.6 67.1 69.0 69.5 66.2 65.6 66.6 66.3 1995.............. 63.6 61.4 59.4 53.1 55.2 53.2 59.7 60.1 59.1 58.0 56.6 54.6 1996.............. 61.9 62.8 64.0 63.8 63.5 64.9 64.2 61.5 63.9 64.2 67.0 66.6 1997.............. 64.9 63.3 65.6 66.2 63.9 61.2 60.1 65.9 67.4 68.1 70.8 71.9 1998.............. 68.4 67.3 64.2 61.7 60.4 58.4 57.2 56.7 p55.9 p54.6 Over 6-month span: 1994.............. 70.9 69.9 69.7 71.2 70.2 69.8 69.8 70.2 68.7 67.4 66.7 65.4 1995.............. 66.4 60.1 59.1 57.3 59.0 60.1 57.6 60.4 59.7 59.3 61.1 63.2 1996.............. 62.8 65.4 64.7 65.7 66.2 65.0 66.4 66.0 66.2 67.6 66.9 66.3 1997.............. 67.6 67.0 65.3 64.9 65.6 67.3 68.0 67.3 70.6 72.3 73.3 72.6 1998.............. 72.1 70.9 69.4 63.5 64.5 61.8 p58.1 p58.0 Over 12-month span: 1994.............. 70.2 71.6 71.8 71.8 72.1 71.8 71.5 72.1 70.1 69.5 66.6 65.0 1995.............. 63.6 62.4 62.6 63.3 61.7 61.9 58.7 62.2 62.2 61.5 63.5 65.4 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 69.1 68.3 1997.............. 69.8 67.6 69.2 70.1 69.8 69.8 71.2 71.2 71.1 73.0 72.9 72.3 1998.............. 71.2 69.5 69.5 p65.9 p63.9 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1994.............. 56.8 56.5 60.1 59.0 53.6 58.3 59.0 55.8 53.6 56.5 58.3 56.8 1995.............. 54.7 54.3 46.4 53.2 42.4 44.2 46.4 49.6 48.6 52.2 45.3 48.2 1996.............. 42.8 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 50.7 47.1 55.4 47.8 52.9 54.3 55.4 1997.............. 49.3 54.3 50.0 56.8 51.4 52.2 50.4 48.9 56.5 57.2 56.1 60.8 1998.............. 55.8 51.8 52.5 48.6 45.0 47.8 39.6 47.5 43.2 p38.5 p38.8 Over 3-month span: 1994.............. 60.4 63.7 63.7 60.4 57.6 59.7 61.9 56.8 54.3 55.4 60.8 59.0 1995.............. 56.8 50.0 47.8 42.1 43.2 38.8 40.6 43.5 48.2 47.1 45.3 39.9 1996.............. 43.9 46.8 46.0 47.5 46.4 49.3 51.4 50.0 53.6 51.1 57.6 54.7 1997.............. 54.3 49.3 54.3 54.0 55.4 50.4 47.5 52.2 57.9 62.6 64.7 65.5 1998.............. 60.1 59.0 50.7 46.4 43.2 38.8 36.7 34.2 p41.7 p33.5 Over 6-month span: 1994.............. 60.4 62.9 61.2 62.6 59.4 57.2 57.6 58.6 58.6 54.7 57.2 55.0 1995.............. 55.4 46.4 42.8 40.3 41.4 42.4 41.0 41.0 43.9 43.2 43.2 45.3 1996.............. 42.1 45.3 46.4 47.1 48.2 48.6 51.1 50.4 52.9 52.9 53.2 52.2 1997.............. 54.3 54.3 51.4 52.9 51.4 55.0 56.8 57.6 60.4 64.4 67.6 65.8 1998.............. 61.5 56.8 52.2 39.2 40.6 34.5 p31.3 p29.5 Over 12-month span: 1994.............. 57.9 58.6 60.8 60.8 60.8 63.3 59.4 60.1 57.2 56.5 50.4 49.6 1995.............. 46.0 44.2 46.0 47.8 41.0 41.7 38.5 38.8 36.3 38.5 39.9 44.6 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.0 51.8 1997.............. 57.2 52.5 54.7 56.5 57.9 57.6 58.6 58.6 60.4 60.4 59.4 58.3 1998.............. 50.7 51.1 50.4 p41.4 p37.8 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.