Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 99-211 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 606-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, August 6, 1999. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 1999 Payroll employment rose in July, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.3 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 310,000. Job gains continued in construction and throughout the service-producing sector. Manu- facturing employment also rose, after seasonal adjustment. Average hourly earnings increased by 6 cents. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons (5.9 million) was about unchanged in July, and the unemployment rate held at 4.3 percent. The unemployment rate has been 4.3 or 4.2 percent each month since March. Over the month, the jobless rate for blacks increased to 8.8 percent. Unemployment rates for the other major demographic groups--adult men (3.5 percent), adult women (4.0 percent), teenagers (12.7 percent), whites (3.7 percent), and Hispanics (6.2 percent)--were essentially unchanged. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force (139.3 million) and the labor force participation rate (67.0 percent) were about unchanged from June. Both total employment (133.3 million) and the employment-population ratio (64.1 percent) were little changed in July. (See table A-1.) About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in July. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, about the same as in July 1998. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in July, down from 1.3 million a year earlier. These were people who wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 290,000 in July. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Data) Total nonfarm employment rose by 310,000 in July to 128.7 million, after seasonal adjustment. Monthly gains had averaged 208,000 during the first half of the year. (See table B-1.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| June- Category | 1999 | 1999 | July |_________________|________ _________________|change | I | II | May | June | July | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,144| 139,173| 139,019| 139,408| 139,254| -154 Employment..........| 133,191| 133,242| 133,224| 133,432| 133,307| -125 Unemployment........| 5,953| 5,931| 5,795| 5,975| 5,947| -28 Not in labor force....| 67,732| 68,259| 68,408| 68,225| 68,574| 349 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.3| 4.3| 4.2| 4.3| 4.3| .0 Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.5| 3.6| 3.6| 3.5| -0.1 Adult women.........| 3.8| 3.9| 3.6| 3.9| 4.0| .1 Teenagers...........| 14.6| 13.4| 12.6| 13.5| 12.7| -.8 White...............| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| 3.8| 3.7| -.1 Black...............| 8.0| 7.5| 7.5| 7.3| 8.8| 1.5 Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 6.8| 6.7| 6.8| 6.2| -.6 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 127,640|p128,244| 128,162|p128,435|p128,745| p310 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,310| p25,222| 25,199| p25,180| p25,230| p50 Construction......| 6,213| p6,259| 6,239| p6,260| p6,282| p22 Manufacturing.....| 18,542| p18,432| 18,429| p18,393| p18,424| p31 Service-producing 1/| 102,331|p103,021| 102,963|p103,255|p103,515| p260 Retail trade......| 22,605| p22,755| 22,748| p22,792| p22,883| p91 Services..........| 38,442| p38,808| 38,782| p38,946| p39,056| p110 Government........| 20,044| p20,096| 20,077| p20,111| p20,127| p16 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.6| p34.4| 34.4| p34.5| p34.5| p.0 Manufacturing.......| 41.6| p41.7| 41.7| p41.7| p41.9| p0.2 Overtime..........| 4.5| p4.5| 4.6| p4.7| p4.8| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 147.0| p147.3| 147.2| p147.7| p148.2| p0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.07| p$13.18| $13.18| p$13.23| p$13.29| p$0.06 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 451.79| p453.95| 453.39| p456.44| p458.51| p2.07 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Manufacturing added 31,000 jobs in July, after seasonal adjustment. This was only the second increase in factory employment since March 1998; the other gain occurred last August when a large number of workers returned to their jobs from strikes and related shutdowns. The July increase was concentrated in durable goods manufacturing, where seasonal declines in several industries were not as large as usual, resulting in employment gains after seasonal adjustment. Manufacturing industries with employment increases in July included fabricated metals, electrical equipment, instruments, industrial machinery, motor vehicles, furniture, and stone, clay, and glass products. Despite the increase in July, overall manufacturing employment remains 459,000 lower than its most recent peak in March 1998. Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction added 22,000 jobs in July, following a similar gain in June. Employment in special trades grew by 15,000, with the largest gains in concrete work and painting. Growth also continued in the residential component of general building construction. Mining lost 3,000 jobs in July, about the same number as in June. During the first 5 months of 1999, losses in the industry had averaged nearly 8,000 a month. July job losses were concentrated in oil and gas extraction, where employment has declined by 71,000, or 20 percent, since its most recent peak in February 1998. In the service-producing sector, the services industry added 110,000 jobs in July, slightly below the average growth for the prior 12 months. Help supply services employment grew by 31,000 in July, the largest monthly gain in over a year and a half. Both computer services (13,000) and engineering and management services (26,000) continued their robust growth in July. Following 2 months of sluggish growth, health services had a substantial job gain (19,000), with the largest increases in doctors' offices and clinics. Retail trade employment grew by 91,000 in July. Thus far in 1999, job growth in this industry has averaged about 51,000 a month, approximately twice the monthly average for the same period in 1998. Within retail trade, employment in eating and drinking places increased by 61,000 in July, almost double the gain in June. Employment also rose over the month in car dealerships and in building materials and garden supply stores. In contrast, furniture and home furnishings stores (which include computer stores) did not add employment for the first time in over a year. Finance, insurance, and real estate added 13,000 jobs in July. Within finance, employment in securities brokerages increased by 7,000, the largest job increase of the year for this industry. In contrast, employment in mortgage banks declined for the second straight month, following 4 years of steady growth. Employment in wholesale trade grew by 16,000, with most of the increase occurring in durable goods. Transportation and public utilities added 14,000 jobs, with the largest gain occurring in trucking. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in July, at 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 41.9 hours; factory overtime was up 0.1 hour to 4.8 hours. (See table B-2.) - 4 - The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 percent to 148.2 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index rose by 0.8 percent to 107.0 in July. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in July to $13.29, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.5 percent, to $458.51, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8 percent and average weekly earnings increased by 3.5 percent. (See table B-3.) ___________________________ The Employment Situation for August 1999 is scheduled to be released on Friday, September 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $17.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 205,270 207,632 207,828 205,270 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 207,828 Civilian labor force............................ 139,336 140,666 141,119 137,407 138,816 139,091 139,019 139,408 139,254 Participation rate........................ 67.9 67.7 67.9 66.9 67.0 67.1 67.0 67.1 67.0 Employed...................................... 132,769 134,395 134,800 131,176 133,033 133,069 133,224 133,432 133,307 Employment-population ratio............... 64.7 64.7 64.9 63.9 64.3 64.2 64.2 64.3 64.1 Agriculture................................. 3,866 3,691 3,718 3,423 3,281 3,384 3,295 3,354 3,292 Nonagricultural industries.................. 128,903 130,704 131,083 127,753 129,752 129,685 129,929 130,078 130,015 Unemployed.................................... 6,567 6,271 6,319 6,231 5,783 6,022 5,795 5,975 5,947 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 Not in labor force.............................. 65,934 66,966 66,709 67,863 68,220 68,145 68,408 68,225 68,574 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 98,785 99,668 99,761 98,785 99,362 99,465 99,563 99,668 99,761 Civilian labor force............................ 75,467 75,472 75,940 73,989 74,234 74,234 74,316 74,420 74,500 Participation rate........................ 76.4 75.7 76.1 74.9 74.7 74.6 74.6 74.7 74.7 Employed...................................... 72,049 72,312 72,803 70,629 71,352 71,225 71,198 71,321 71,444 Employment-population ratio............... 72.9 72.6 73.0 71.5 71.8 71.6 71.5 71.6 71.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,418 3,159 3,137 3,360 2,881 3,010 3,118 3,099 3,056 Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 90,802 91,487 91,561 90,802 91,215 91,302 91,368 91,487 91,561 Civilian labor force............................ 70,202 70,486 70,612 69,738 69,951 69,991 69,932 70,127 70,164 Participation rate........................ 77.3 77.0 77.1 76.8 76.7 76.7 76.5 76.7 76.6 Employed...................................... 67,619 68,144 68,212 67,056 67,713 67,608 67,399 67,633 67,687 Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 74.5 74.5 73.8 74.2 74.0 73.8 73.9 73.9 Agriculture................................. 2,586 2,432 2,468 2,382 2,222 2,353 2,212 2,248 2,271 Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,034 65,712 65,743 64,674 65,492 65,255 65,186 65,385 65,416 Unemployed.................................... 2,582 2,342 2,400 2,682 2,238 2,383 2,534 2,494 2,477 Unemployment rate......................... 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,484 107,964 108,067 106,484 107,674 107,771 107,864 107,964 108,067 Civilian labor force............................ 63,869 65,195 65,179 63,418 64,582 64,857 64,704 64,988 64,754 Participation rate........................ 60.0 60.4 60.3 59.6 60.0 60.2 60.0 60.2 59.9 Employed...................................... 60,720 62,083 61,997 60,547 61,680 61,845 62,026 62,112 61,863 Employment-population ratio............... 57.0 57.5 57.4 56.9 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.5 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 3,149 3,112 3,182 2,871 2,902 3,012 2,677 2,876 2,891 Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 98,778 100,131 100,203 98,778 99,833 99,923 100,008 100,131 100,203 Civilian labor force............................ 59,101 60,748 60,409 59,465 60,533 60,788 60,729 61,092 60,791 Participation rate........................ 59.8 60.7 60.3 60.2 60.6 60.8 60.7 61.0 60.7 Employed...................................... 56,569 58,351 57,837 57,078 58,183 58,320 58,520 58,719 58,373 Employment-population ratio............... 57.3 58.3 57.7 57.8 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.6 58.3 Agriculture................................. 868 907 894 781 834 801 831 869 797 Nonagricultural industries.................. 55,701 57,445 56,943 56,297 57,349 57,519 57,689 57,849 57,576 Unemployed.................................... 2,532 2,397 2,573 2,387 2,350 2,468 2,209 2,373 2,418 Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,690 16,014 16,065 15,690 15,988 16,011 16,051 16,014 16,065 Civilian labor force............................ 10,033 9,432 10,098 8,204 8,331 8,312 8,358 8,189 8,300 Participation rate........................ 63.9 58.9 62.9 52.3 52.1 51.9 52.1 51.1 51.7 Employed...................................... 8,580 7,900 8,752 7,042 7,136 7,141 7,306 7,081 7,247 Employment-population ratio............... 54.7 49.3 54.5 44.9 44.6 44.6 45.5 44.2 45.1 Agriculture................................. 412 353 355 260 224 230 252 237 225 Nonagricultural industries.................. 8,168 7,547 8,397 6,782 6,912 6,911 7,054 6,843 7,023 Unemployed.................................... 1,453 1,532 1,347 1,162 1,195 1,171 1,052 1,108 1,053 Unemployment rate......................... 14.5 16.2 13.3 14.2 14.3 14.1 12.6 13.5 12.7 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 171,513 172,999 173,133 171,513 172,597 172,730 172,859 172,999 173,133 Civilian labor force............................ 116,570 117,655 117,853 115,071 116,284 116,370 116,254 116,578 116,393 Participation rate.......................... 68.0 68.0 68.1 67.1 67.4 67.4 67.3 67.4 67.2 Employed...................................... 112,047 113,011 113,425 110,676 112,144 111,917 111,985 112,092 112,117 Employment-population ratio................. 65.3 65.3 65.5 64.5 65.0 64.8 64.8 64.8 64.8 Unemployed.................................... 4,523 4,644 4,429 4,395 4,140 4,454 4,269 4,486 4,276 Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.7 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 59,768 60,025 60,178 59,406 59,698 59,664 59,500 59,711 59,837 Participation rate.......................... 77.7 77.6 77.7 77.2 77.3 77.2 77.0 77.2 77.3 Employed...................................... 57,953 58,246 58,442 57,447 58,010 57,874 57,615 57,784 57,978 Employment-population ratio................. 75.3 75.3 75.5 74.6 75.1 74.9 74.5 74.7 74.9 Unemployed.................................... 1,816 1,779 1,736 1,959 1,688 1,790 1,884 1,927 1,859 Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 48,445 49,661 49,203 48,770 49,602 49,672 49,669 49,933 49,542 Participation rate.......................... 59.0 59.9 59.3 59.4 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.2 59.7 Employed...................................... 46,711 47,926 47,447 47,129 47,983 47,862 48,067 48,215 47,878 Employment-population ratio................. 56.9 57.8 57.2 57.4 58.0 57.8 58.0 58.2 57.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,734 1,735 1,756 1,641 1,620 1,811 1,602 1,718 1,665 Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 8,356 7,969 8,472 6,895 6,984 7,034 7,085 6,934 7,013 Participation rate.......................... 67.0 62.7 66.5 55.3 55.2 55.5 55.8 54.6 55.1 Employed...................................... 7,384 6,839 7,536 6,100 6,151 6,181 6,302 6,093 6,261 Employment-population ratio................. 59.2 53.8 59.2 48.9 48.6 48.8 49.7 48.0 49.2 Unemployed.................................... 972 1,129 937 795 833 853 783 840 753 Unemployment rate........................... 11.6 14.2 11.1 11.5 11.9 12.1 11.0 12.1 10.7 Men....................................... 12.9 13.8 11.2 13.2 12.7 12.6 11.9 11.8 10.9 Women..................................... 10.2 14.6 10.9 9.7 11.1 11.6 10.1 12.5 10.6 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,381 24,833 24,867 24,381 24,729 24,765 24,798 24,833 24,867 Civilian labor force............................ 16,413 16,462 16,747 16,045 16,212 16,286 16,303 16,300 16,384 Participation rate.......................... 67.3 66.3 67.3 65.8 65.6 65.8 65.7 65.6 65.9 Employed...................................... 14,708 15,156 15,146 14,511 14,904 15,029 15,079 15,103 14,949 Employment-population ratio................. 60.3 61.0 60.9 59.5 60.3 60.7 60.8 60.8 60.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,706 1,306 1,601 1,534 1,308 1,257 1,224 1,197 1,434 Unemployment rate........................... 10.4 7.9 9.6 9.6 8.1 7.7 7.5 7.3 8.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,173 7,188 7,194 7,111 7,065 7,118 7,206 7,152 7,132 Participation rate.......................... 73.7 72.5 72.5 73.1 71.6 72.0 72.8 72.1 71.8 Employed...................................... 6,537 6,766 6,647 6,491 6,656 6,681 6,727 6,712 6,601 Employment-population ratio................. 67.2 68.2 67.0 66.7 67.4 67.6 68.0 67.7 66.5 Unemployed.................................... 636 422 547 620 409 437 479 440 531 Unemployment rate........................... 8.9 5.9 7.6 8.7 5.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 7.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,910 8,183 8,315 7,916 8,129 8,241 8,177 8,214 8,318 Participation rate.......................... 64.8 65.8 66.8 64.9 65.6 66.4 65.8 66.0 66.8 Employed...................................... 7,238 7,632 7,610 7,294 7,545 7,681 7,653 7,671 7,663 Employment-population ratio................. 59.3 61.4 61.1 59.8 60.9 61.9 61.6 61.7 61.5 Unemployed.................................... 673 550 705 622 584 560 524 544 654 Unemployment rate........................... 8.5 6.7 8.5 7.9 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.6 7.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,330 1,091 1,238 1,018 1,018 927 920 934 934 Participation rate.......................... 54.3 44.0 49.8 41.5 41.2 37.5 37.1 37.7 37.6 Employed...................................... 933 758 889 726 702 667 699 721 685 Employment-population ratio................. 38.1 30.5 35.8 29.6 28.4 26.9 28.2 29.0 27.6 Unemployed.................................... 397 334 349 292 316 260 222 214 249 Unemployment rate........................... 29.9 30.6 28.2 28.7 31.0 28.1 24.1 22.9 26.7 Men....................................... 31.8 34.7 32.2 30.2 32.9 33.0 26.2 26.7 30.8 Women..................................... 27.7 26.7 24.0 27.0 29.1 23.5 22.0 19.6 22.9 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,097 21,618 21,684 21,097 21,414 21,483 21,548 21,618 21,684 Civilian labor force............................ 14,438 14,710 14,738 14,267 14,570 14,543 14,535 14,643 14,592 Participation rate.......................... 68.4 68.0 68.0 67.6 68.0 67.7 67.5 67.7 67.3 Employed...................................... 13,351 13,750 13,767 13,245 13,732 13,541 13,558 13,654 13,685 Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 63.6 63.5 62.8 64.1 63.0 62.9 63.2 63.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,087 960 970 1,022 838 1,002 977 989 907 Unemployment rate........................... 7.5 6.5 6.6 7.2 5.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.2 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 29,027 28,515 28,015 29,027 28,442 27,991 28,298 28,515 28,015 Civilian labor force.................... 12,269 12,261 11,766 12,561 12,094 11,753 11,743 12,047 12,069 Percent of population............... 42.3 43.0 42.0 43.3 42.5 42.0 41.5 42.2 43.1 Employed.............................. 11,426 11,496 10,997 11,665 11,356 10,972 10,959 11,238 11,244 Employment-population ratio......... 39.4 40.3 39.3 40.2 39.9 39.2 38.7 39.4 40.1 Unemployed............................ 842 765 769 896 739 781 784 810 825 Unemployment rate................... 6.9 6.2 6.5 7.1 6.1 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.8 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,374 57,963 57,162 57,374 57,805 57,945 57,931 57,963 57,162 Civilian labor force.................... 36,912 37,384 36,555 37,290 37,740 37,577 37,416 37,403 36,941 Percent of population............... 64.3 64.5 63.9 65.0 65.3 64.8 64.6 64.5 64.6 Employed.............................. 35,408 36,033 35,237 35,779 36,448 36,253 36,058 35,961 35,629 Employment-population ratio......... 61.7 62.2 61.6 62.4 63.1 62.6 62.2 62.0 62.3 Unemployed............................ 1,504 1,351 1,318 1,511 1,292 1,324 1,359 1,442 1,313 Unemployment rate................... 4.1 3.6 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.6 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 42,293 42,780 43,610 42,293 43,028 43,059 42,742 42,780 43,610 Civilian labor force.................... 31,448 31,669 32,289 31,220 31,892 32,160 31,930 31,937 32,102 Percent of population............... 74.4 74.0 74.0 73.8 74.1 74.7 74.7 74.7 73.6 Employed.............................. 30,496 30,913 31,284 30,274 30,989 31,202 31,043 31,130 31,097 Employment-population ratio......... 72.1 72.3 71.7 71.6 72.0 72.5 72.6 72.8 71.3 Unemployed............................ 952 756 1,005 946 903 958 886 806 1,005 Unemployment rate................... 3.0 2.4 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.5 3.1 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 43,309 44,464 45,042 43,309 43,859 44,289 44,442 44,464 45,042 Civilian labor force.................... 34,481 35,527 35,837 34,637 34,997 35,493 35,771 35,856 35,981 Percent of population............... 79.6 79.9 79.6 80.0 79.8 80.1 80.5 80.6 79.9 Employed.............................. 33,839 34,777 35,105 34,051 34,345 34,742 35,107 35,128 35,317 Employment-population ratio......... 78.1 78.2 77.9 78.6 78.3 78.4 79.0 79.0 78.4 Unemployed............................ 643 750 733 586 652 752 664 727 664 Unemployment rate................... 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 132,769 134,395 134,800 131,176 133,033 133,069 133,224 133,432 133,307 Married men, spouse present..................... 42,794 43,205 43,310 42,850 43,114 43,190 42,882 43,291 43,353 Married women, spouse present................... 32,266 33,396 32,869 32,719 33,134 33,285 33,487 33,802 33,302 Women who maintain families..................... 7,752 8,023 8,156 7,875 8,148 8,050 8,039 7,991 8,289 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 38,620 40,602 40,536 39,020 39,900 40,504 40,500 40,946 40,901 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,923 38,767 38,959 38,513 38,893 38,866 39,103 38,729 38,573 Service occupations............................. 18,111 18,290 18,450 17,683 18,074 17,868 18,111 18,020 18,035 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,584 14,422 14,578 14,334 14,661 14,518 14,432 14,084 14,405 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,431 18,383 18,287 18,157 18,177 17,656 17,813 18,190 17,985 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 4,098 3,931 3,991 3,519 3,417 3,539 3,441 3,504 3,423 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,285 2,207 2,201 2,010 1,893 1,908 1,919 1,911 1,938 Self-employed workers......................... 1,543 1,443 1,460 1,374 1,376 1,439 1,348 1,369 1,300 Unpaid family workers......................... 38 41 56 32 39 31 33 37 47 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 119,638 121,653 122,062 118,647 121,005 120,785 121,168 121,005 121,157 Government.................................. 17,905 18,862 18,591 18,374 18,699 18,709 18,672 19,110 19,068 Private industries.......................... 101,733 102,791 103,471 100,273 102,306 102,076 102,496 101,895 102,089 Private households........................ 1,021 1,006 1,007 966 917 941 910 1,001 943 Other industries.......................... 100,712 101,786 102,464 99,307 101,389 101,135 101,586 100,894 101,146 Self-employed workers......................... 9,167 8,955 8,943 9,060 8,650 8,813 8,687 8,857 8,837 Unpaid family workers......................... 98 96 78 91 125 63 60 87 74 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 4,025 3,641 3,537 3,757 3,564 3,408 3,422 3,418 3,299 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,344 2,082 2,031 2,299 2,045 1,920 1,946 2,092 1,983 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,383 1,158 1,185 1,213 1,208 1,124 1,137 1,014 1,044 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,168 17,266 16,617 18,589 18,545 18,882 18,632 18,666 19,122 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,882 3,462 3,368 3,606 3,374 3,224 3,247 3,232 3,130 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,256 1,940 1,905 2,193 1,955 1,831 1,838 1,944 1,846 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,339 1,141 1,159 1,182 1,159 1,092 1,111 1,010 1,028 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 15,528 16,629 16,049 17,982 17,944 18,320 18,098 18,016 18,618 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,231 5,975 5,947 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,682 2,494 2,477 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,387 2,373 2,418 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,162 1,108 1,053 14.2 14.3 14.1 12.6 13.5 12.7 Married men, spouse present.................... 1,005 977 1,001 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 Married women, spouse present.................. 955 926 990 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.9 Women who maintain families.................... 587 561 571 6.9 6.7 7.2 6.0 6.6 6.4 Full-time workers.............................. 4,943 4,628 4,732 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 Part-time workers.............................. 1,283 1,317 1,216 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.4 4.9 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 690 852 808 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.9 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,532 1,431 1,594 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.6 4.0 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 649 725 568 4.3 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.9 3.8 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,351 1,166 1,216 6.9 5.9 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.3 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 249 284 236 6.6 6.9 7.3 8.0 7.5 6.4 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,868 4,699 4,710 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.4 Goods-producing industries................... 1,385 1,322 1,240 4.8 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.4 Mining..................................... 25 26 40 3.9 5.3 9.3 5.9 4.7 6.4 Construction............................... 460 531 491 6.8 6.7 7.4 7.2 7.5 6.7 Manufacturing.............................. 900 764 709 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.5 Durable goods............................ 522 448 474 4.1 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.8 Nondurable goods......................... 378 317 235 4.6 4.1 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.0 Service-producing industries................. 3,483 3,377 3,470 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.4 Transportation and public utilities........ 249 214 278 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.6 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,494 1,441 1,396 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 160 189 191 2.1 1.9 3.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 Services................................... 1,580 1,533 1,605 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.2 4.5 Government workers............................. 443 470 439 2.4 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.3 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 180 203 189 8.2 9.5 9.7 10.7 9.6 8.9 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,845 3,136 2,910 2,626 2,478 2,788 2,467 2,529 2,680 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 2,179 1,552 1,934 1,975 1,891 1,867 1,816 1,736 1,766 15 weeks and over................................ 1,543 1,583 1,475 1,606 1,434 1,446 1,523 1,668 1,505 15 to 26 weeks................................ 685 802 714 783 736 773 794 824 787 27 weeks and over............................. 858 782 761 823 697 673 729 844 718 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.7 13.1 13.1 14.3 13.5 13.1 13.4 14.5 13.6 Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.3 4.5 5.4 6.7 6.9 6.1 6.7 6.2 5.7 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 43.3 50.0 46.1 42.3 42.7 45.7 42.5 42.6 45.0 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 33.2 24.7 30.6 31.8 32.6 30.6 31.3 29.3 29.7 15 weeks and over.............................. 23.5 25.2 23.3 25.9 24.7 23.7 26.2 28.1 25.3 15 to 26 weeks............................... 10.4 12.8 11.3 12.6 12.7 12.7 13.7 13.9 13.2 27 weeks and over............................ 13.1 12.5 12.0 13.3 12.0 11.0 12.6 14.2 12.1 NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,847 2,495 2,729 2,865 2,563 2,700 2,663 2,683 2,740 On temporary layoff............................. 935 746 862 931 812 838 821 892 850 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,912 1,750 1,867 1,934 1,751 1,862 1,842 1,791 1,890 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,316 1,253 1,267 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 596 497 600 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 817 820 817 770 780 841 789 864 755 Reentrants........................................ 2,173 2,293 2,101 2,072 1,988 2,044 2,040 2,057 2,011 New entrants...................................... 731 663 672 474 431 469 415 349 402 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 43.3 39.8 43.2 46.4 44.5 44.6 45.1 45.1 46.4 On temporary layoff............................ 14.2 11.9 13.6 15.1 14.1 13.9 13.9 15.0 14.4 Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.1 27.9 29.5 31.3 30.4 30.8 31.2 30.1 32.0 Job leavers...................................... 12.4 13.1 12.9 12.5 13.5 13.9 13.4 14.5 12.8 Reentrants....................................... 33.1 36.6 33.2 33.5 34.5 33.8 34.5 34.6 34.0 New entrants..................................... 11.1 10.6 10.6 7.7 7.5 7.7 7.0 5.9 6.8 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 New entrants..................................... .5 .5 .5 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 5.0 4.6 4.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.6 5.3 5.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 8.5 7.9 7.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex July June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,231 5,975 5,947 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,267 2,181 2,128 10.4 10.0 10.0 9.4 9.9 9.6 16 to 19 years................................ 1,162 1,108 1,053 14.2 14.3 14.1 12.6 13.5 12.7 16 to 17 years.............................. 513 524 493 15.7 16.6 16.9 15.9 16.1 14.6 18 to 19 years.............................. 646 586 563 13.1 12.8 12.3 10.6 11.8 11.4 20 to 24 years................................ 1,105 1,073 1,075 8.2 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.7 25 years and over............................... 3,930 3,788 3,792 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 25 to 54 years................................ 3,437 3,242 3,242 3.5 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 55 years and over............................. 483 537 544 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.0 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,360 3,099 3,056 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 16 to 24 years................................ 1,289 1,231 1,180 11.3 9.9 10.5 10.2 10.7 10.2 16 to 19 years.............................. 678 605 579 15.9 15.0 14.8 13.3 14.1 13.4 16 to 17 years............................ 307 282 271 18.0 16.9 19.2 17.7 16.5 15.4 18 to 19 years............................ 365 333 303 14.3 13.6 12.2 10.6 12.8 11.8 20 to 24 years.............................. 611 626 601 8.5 7.0 8.0 8.3 8.7 8.3 25 years and over............................. 2,068 1,861 1,866 3.3 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.0 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,777 1,601 1,559 3.4 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.0 2.9 55 years and over........................... 288 258 316 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 3.2 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,871 2,876 2,891 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.5 16 to 24 years................................ 978 950 948 9.5 10.0 9.5 8.6 9.0 8.9 16 to 19 years.............................. 484 503 473 12.2 13.6 13.4 11.8 12.9 11.9 16 to 17 years............................ 206 241 222 13.2 16.2 14.5 13.8 15.7 13.8 18 to 19 years............................ 281 253 260 11.7 11.9 12.5 10.6 10.7 11.0 20 to 24 years.............................. 494 447 475 7.7 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.7 7.1 25 years and over............................. 1,862 1,927 1,926 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,660 1,641 1,683 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.7 55 years and over........................... 195 279 228 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.6 3.5 2.9 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category July July July July July July 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 65,934 66,709 23,319 23,821 42,616 42,888 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,763 4,490 1,813 1,715 2,950 2,774 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,328 1,133 635 493 692 640 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 374 290 225 159 149 131 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 953 843 410 334 543 509 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,643 7,636 4,099 4,155 3,544 3,481 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,253 4,101 2,485 2,439 1,769 1,662 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,563 1,735 539 604 1,024 1,131 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 308 300 223 206 86 95 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,456 1,459 821 890 636 569 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total......................... 125,762 128,850 129,585 128,740 125,808 127,813 128,134 128,162 128,435 128,745 Total private.................... 107,010 108,362 109,400 109,670 106,009 107,726 108,035 108,085 108,324 108,618 Goods-producing......................... 25,544 25,243 25,528 25,554 25,240 25,285 25,288 25,199 25,180 25,230 Mining................................ 598 531 534 534 588 550 538 531 527 524 Metal mining........................ 51.1 48.9 49.4 49.2 50 50 49 49 48 48 Coal mining......................... 90.0 85.8 85.5 83.9 90 87 86 86 85 84 Oil and gas extraction.............. 344.3 284.6 285.7 286.6 339 305 294 287 285 282 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 112.7 111.4 113.0 113.9 109 108 109 109 109 110 Construction.......................... 6,326 6,304 6,500 6,633 5,990 6,232 6,277 6,239 6,260 6,282 General building contractors........ 1,444.8 1,424.5 1,478.9 1,509.5 1,377 1,429 1,428 1,427 1,433 1,437 Heavy construction, except building. 911.9 887.6 917.0 931.7 842 864 874 854 857 860 Special trade contractors........... 3,969.1 3,991.8 4,104.3 4,191.9 3,771 3,939 3,975 3,958 3,970 3,985 Manufacturing......................... 18,620 18,408 18,494 18,387 18,662 18,503 18,473 18,429 18,393 18,424 Production workers................ 12,725 12,647 12,699 12,599 12,801 12,714 12,696 12,662 12,623 12,671 Durable goods........................ 11,017 10,980 11,029 10,951 11,066 11,014 10,993 10,971 10,959 10,998 Production workers................ 7,456 7,519 7,547 7,469 7,521 7,527 7,519 7,504 7,490 7,535 Lumber and wood products............ 824.1 821.9 832.6 834.2 812 827 824 824 823 822 Furniture and fixtures.............. 526.7 537.4 539.8 539.4 532 535 536 537 537 545 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 569.7 573.8 579.4 578.6 563 569 570 569 568 571 Primary metal industries............ 697.3 688.3 690.3 681.8 705 693 691 689 687 689 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 232.4 221.6 221.2 221.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,474.9 1,486.4 1,493.6 1,479.0 1,491 1,490 1,489 1,487 1,486 1,495 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,201.4 2,134.2 2,139.2 2,126.9 2,208 2,139 2,132 2,129 2,127 2,133 Computer and office equipment..... 381.0 362.1 364.4 363.4 379 360 361 362 363 362 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,700.9 1,654.2 1,663.1 1,658.8 1,705 1,659 1,658 1,658 1,657 1,663 Electronic components and accessories.................... 660.8 635.3 640.6 637.7 659 636 635 635 638 636 Transportation equipment............ 1,760.1 1,858.9 1,860.7 1,824.1 1,788 1,873 1,864 1,853 1,850 1,852 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 861.0 1,001.7 1,007.0 976.0 887 992 996 996 998 1,003 Aircraft and parts................ 525.2 496.1 490.4 487.7 526 511 503 498 491 489 Instruments and related products.... 870.0 838.3 840.8 842.8 869 844 842 839 837 842 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 391.7 386.8 389.3 384.9 393 385 387 386 387 386 Nondurable goods..................... 7,603 7,428 7,465 7,436 7,596 7,489 7,480 7,458 7,434 7,426 Production workers................ 5,269 5,128 5,152 5,130 5,280 5,187 5,177 5,158 5,133 5,136 Food and kindred products........... 1,708.0 1,659.1 1,678.7 1,698.7 1,684 1,693 1,689 1,688 1,680 1,675 Tobacco products.................... 36.8 35.3 35.7 35.4 40 39 38 38 39 39 Textile mill products............... 593.7 564.0 563.6 555.8 597 571 567 563 560 559 Apparel and other textile products.. 751.5 693.7 691.6 674.2 764 702 698 691 685 681 Paper and allied products........... 675.6 658.9 663.2 660.4 674 662 662 661 659 659 Printing and publishing............. 1,568.2 1,549.5 1,553.5 1,552.5 1,567 1,557 1,555 1,551 1,551 1,552 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,050.2 1,035.9 1,039.8 1,037.4 1,044 1,037 1,038 1,036 1,033 1,032 Petroleum and coal products......... 143.4 138.5 140.1 140.6 140 139 139 138 137 137 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 995.8 1,017.8 1,024.2 1,011.2 1,004 1,014 1,019 1,018 1,016 1,020 Leather and leather products........ 79.9 74.8 75.0 70.1 82 75 75 74 74 72 Service-producing....................... 100,218 103,607 104,057 103,186 100,568 102,528 102,846 102,963 103,255 103,515 Transportation and public utilities... 6,592 6,773 6,813 6,777 6,606 6,732 6,750 6,758 6,778 6,792 Transportation...................... 4,253 4,414 4,441 4,404 4,281 4,378 4,397 4,402 4,418 4,432 Railroad transportation........... 232.9 233.5 235.3 236.7 231 235 234 233 234 235 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 407.8 498.1 482.4 421.2 469 476 483 480 483 484 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,771.2 1,797.5 1,826.3 1,839.1 1,749 1,796 1,800 1,802 1,809 1,815 Water transportation.............. 191.1 182.0 187.1 191.1 181 177 180 180 180 181 Transportation by air............. 1,181.1 1,220.6 1,226.0 1,231.1 1,183 1,218 1,220 1,226 1,230 1,233 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.3 13.3 13.5 13.6 14 14 14 13 13 13 Transportation services........... 454.5 468.6 470.2 471.2 454 462 466 468 469 471 Communications and public utilities. 2,339 2,359 2,372 2,373 2,325 2,354 2,353 2,356 2,360 2,360 Communications.................... 1,477.0 1,514.6 1,520.3 1,520.9 1,472 1,506 1,508 1,513 1,514 1,516 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 862.4 844.1 852.0 852.5 853 848 845 843 846 844 Wholesale trade....................... 6,885 6,986 7,032 7,055 6,836 6,947 6,965 6,977 6,989 7,005 Durable goods....................... 4,074 4,131 4,161 4,176 4,046 4,103 4,113 4,124 4,135 4,147 Nondurable goods.................... 2,811 2,855 2,871 2,879 2,790 2,844 2,852 2,853 2,854 2,858 Retail trade.......................... 22,457 22,779 22,990 23,024 22,321 22,611 22,724 22,748 22,792 22,883 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 983.2 1,024.1 1,032.1 1,023.5 947 982 982 979 981 986 General merchandise stores.......... 2,671.3 2,702.6 2,720.9 2,724.6 2,728 2,794 2,799 2,784 2,784 2,783 Department stores................. 2,375.3 2,412.3 2,427.9 2,429.1 2,426 2,489 2,499 2,486 2,485 2,482 Food stores......................... 3,508.1 3,468.7 3,494.7 3,500.6 3,484 3,490 3,492 3,487 3,476 3,476 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,374.1 2,406.0 2,424.6 2,443.8 2,343 2,392 2,399 2,400 2,402 2,412 New and used car dealers.......... 1,053.6 1,077.0 1,083.8 1,091.4 1,048 1,069 1,074 1,077 1,080 1,086 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,141.4 1,146.1 1,165.6 1,174.8 1,148 1,167 1,163 1,172 1,177 1,181 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,017.5 1,071.5 1,079.4 1,081.6 1,026 1,070 1,081 1,084 1,091 1,091 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,938.4 8,032.4 8,149.5 8,150.7 7,767 7,785 7,863 7,880 7,913 7,974 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,823.0 2,927.2 2,923.3 2,924.1 2,878 2,931 2,945 2,962 2,968 2,980 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,526 7,618 7,710 7,753 7,430 7,595 7,611 7,621 7,639 7,652 Finance............................. 3,633 3,700 3,731 3,749 3,606 3,690 3,697 3,706 3,713 3,720 Depository institutions........... 2,059.8 2,043.6 2,060.4 2,066.4 2,043 2,051 2,050 2,047 2,048 2,049 Commercial banks................ 1,480.3 1,462.1 1,475.5 1,480.4 1,468 1,469 1,467 1,465 1,466 1,468 Savings institutions............ 260.7 256.2 258.1 258.2 258 258 257 256 256 256 Nondepository institutions........ 665.5 719.5 723.3 724.1 663 712 716 720 721 721 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 333.0 374.9 375.7 373.3 331 368 370 374 373 371 Security and commodity brokers.... 656.6 669.9 679.4 690.0 650 664 668 672 676 683 Holding and other investment offices........................ 251.0 267.3 268.3 268.8 250 263 263 267 268 267 Insurance........................... 2,362 2,396 2,411 2,418 2,349 2,392 2,395 2,399 2,402 2,404 Insurance carriers................ 1,612.7 1,632.5 1,643.7 1,646.1 1,602 1,632 1,631 1,635 1,638 1,635 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 749.2 763.8 767.1 771.7 747 760 764 764 764 769 Real estate......................... 1,531 1,522 1,568 1,586 1,475 1,513 1,519 1,516 1,524 1,528 Services2............................. 38,006 38,963 39,327 39,507 37,576 38,556 38,697 38,782 38,946 39,056 Agricultural services............... 780.2 808.4 841.6 839.5 704 747 755 751 758 758 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,926.0 1,803.8 1,900.4 1,953.5 1,782 1,789 1,791 1,786 1,799 1,807 Personal services................... 1,154.1 1,180.3 1,172.5 1,162.1 1,197 1,200 1,204 1,189 1,200 1,205 Business services................... 8,641.3 9,023.5 9,136.9 9,197.2 8,601 8,963 9,010 9,047 9,088 9,154 Services to buildings............. 959.6 985.5 998.0 1,000.1 952 973 978 979 987 992 Personnel supply services......... 3,236.6 3,348.6 3,398.6 3,426.0 3,234 3,343 3,350 3,366 3,383 3,424 Help supply services............ 2,881.1 2,968.9 3,014.6 3,037.9 2,873 2,967 2,975 2,986 2,998 3,029 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,615.0 1,761.7 1,780.2 1,796.4 1,613 1,734 1,749 1,765 1,780 1,793 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,153.9 1,183.5 1,190.4 1,191.6 1,146 1,176 1,178 1,182 1,182 1,184 Miscellaneous repair services....... 386.1 398.2 400.4 400.6 381 393 396 398 396 396 Motion pictures..................... 582.9 604.2 610.6 614.6 573 580 587 604 608 604 Amusement and recreation services... 1,893.2 1,764.8 1,941.0 2,007.7 1,599 1,660 1,668 1,675 1,688 1,695 Health services..................... 9,879.0 9,947.3 9,987.6 10013.9 9,847 9,932 9,951 9,954 9,963 9,982 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,810.5 1,857.4 1,868.7 1,879.6 1,803 1,850 1,856 1,860 1,864 1,872 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,767.6 1,750.5 1,756.6 1,760.1 1,762 1,754 1,753 1,755 1,754 1,754 Hospitals......................... 3,947.3 3,960.4 3,978.2 3,989.1 3,931 3,963 3,966 3,966 3,971 3,973 Home health care services......... 664.2 655.5 654.6 653.2 665 653 656 653 653 654 Legal services...................... 991.0 993.7 1,016.3 1,019.3 974 995 998 999 1,001 1,002 Educational services................ 1,901.2 2,298.8 2,075.2 1,983.1 2,177 2,243 2,254 2,265 2,278 2,271 Social services..................... 2,666.2 2,786.1 2,772.1 2,776.0 2,650 2,744 2,755 2,760 2,773 2,759 Child day care services........... 556.1 650.3 620.6 582.4 607 627 628 629 635 635 Residential care.................. 752.5 775.0 782.1 787.1 746 769 772 775 776 781 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 100.6 96.9 100.8 102.3 92 95 94 93 94 94 Membership organizations............ 2,433.7 2,393.5 2,448.0 2,481.9 2,362 2,392 2,392 2,394 2,409 2,409 Engineering and management services. 3,226.2 3,386.4 3,438.3 3,467.9 3,201 3,354 3,370 3,391 3,414 3,440 Engineering and architectural services....................... 923.7 937.3 957.0 964.3 910 933 939 940 944 950 Management and public relations... 1,049.2 1,145.0 1,163.8 1,175.3 1,037 1,123 1,133 1,143 1,154 1,162 Services, nec....................... 52.7 56.2 57.4 58.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 18,752 20,488 20,185 19,070 19,799 20,087 20,099 20,077 20,111 20,127 Federal............................. 2,689 2,666 2,682 2,675 2,675 2,710 2,688 2,666 2,663 2,663 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,833.9 1,797.4 1,814.9 1,810.9 1,809 1,831 1,809 1,788 1,788 1,787 State............................... 4,391 4,740 4,538 4,459 4,612 4,680 4,688 4,677 4,679 4,681 Education......................... 1,638.0 2,003.0 1,761.3 1,658.3 1,915 1,948 1,955 1,941 1,936 1,938 Other State government............ 2,752.7 2,736.5 2,776.4 2,800.4 2,697 2,732 2,733 2,736 2,743 2,743 Local............................... 11,672 13,082 12,965 11,936 12,512 12,697 12,723 12,734 12,769 12,783 Education......................... 5,937.5 7,596.2 7,268.3 6,093.5 7,078 7,200 7,206 7,225 7,242 7,247 Other local government............ 5,734.9 5,486.0 5,697.0 5,842.6 5,434 5,497 5,517 5,509 5,527 5,536 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... 34.8 34.6 34.6 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.5 34.5 Goods-producing......................... 40.9 41.1 41.3 40.9 41.2 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.1 Mining................................ 43.9 44.2 44.2 44.2 44.3 42.9 43.8 44.1 44.0 44.6 Construction.......................... 40.2 39.3 39.8 39.9 39.2 38.5 38.6 38.9 39.4 38.9 Manufacturing......................... 41.1 41.7 41.8 41.2 41.7 41.5 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.9 Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 Durable goods........................ 41.5 42.3 42.4 41.6 42.3 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 Overtime hours.................... 4.4 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.8 5.0 Lumber and wood products............ 41.2 41.4 41.6 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.2 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.3 39.8 40.3 39.9 40.7 40.3 40.4 40.4 40.4 40.3 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.8 43.8 43.9 43.5 43.6 42.9 43.1 43.4 43.4 43.3 Primary metal industries............ 43.1 44.4 44.3 43.6 44.0 43.9 44.0 44.3 44.2 44.5 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 43.9 44.9 45.1 44.4 44.4 43.9 44.5 44.8 45.1 44.9 Fabricated metal products........... 41.6 42.1 42.3 41.6 42.4 42.1 41.8 42.1 42.1 42.4 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 42.3 42.2 42.1 41.7 42.9 41.9 41.9 42.1 42.0 42.4 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 40.6 41.2 41.4 40.5 41.4 41.0 41.1 41.5 41.4 41.3 Transportation equipment............ 41.0 43.9 44.1 42.3 43.0 43.7 44.0 43.5 44.2 44.5 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 39.6 45.2 45.5 43.0 42.5 44.7 45.1 44.4 45.5 46.2 Instruments and related products.... 40.7 41.4 41.5 40.9 41.4 41.2 41.6 41.6 41.5 41.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.2 40.1 39.9 39.0 40.0 39.8 39.6 40.2 40.0 39.8 Nondurable goods..................... 40.6 40.9 41.0 40.7 41.0 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.5 Food and kindred products........... 41.6 41.6 41.7 41.8 41.8 41.7 41.9 41.8 41.9 42.0 Tobacco products.................... 39.3 39.8 39.9 39.3 40.1 38.8 38.6 39.9 38.9 40.0 Textile mill products............... 40.4 40.9 41.0 40.5 41.0 40.4 41.0 41.0 40.6 41.2 Apparel and other textile products.. 36.9 37.8 38.2 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.5 37.8 37.8 37.9 Paper and allied products........... 43.1 43.3 43.5 42.9 43.6 43.7 43.6 43.5 43.5 43.4 Printing and publishing............. 38.1 38.0 37.8 37.9 38.4 37.9 38.1 38.3 38.2 38.2 Chemicals and allied products....... 42.7 42.8 42.9 42.6 43.1 42.8 43.0 43.0 42.9 43.0 Petroleum and coal products......... 44.8 42.6 42.5 43.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.1 41.9 41.9 41.2 41.9 41.8 41.5 41.9 41.8 42.0 Leather and leather products........ 36.9 38.3 38.4 37.7 37.3 37.7 38.1 38.4 37.9 38.2 Service-producing....................... 33.2 32.9 32.9 33.1 33.0 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 39.7 38.8 39.0 38.9 39.5 39.1 39.0 38.8 38.9 38.7 Wholesale trade....................... 38.3 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.4 Retail trade.......................... 29.8 29.1 29.4 29.8 29.1 29.0 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.4 35.9 36.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.9 32.7 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry July May June July July May June July 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... $12.68 $13.19 $13.14 $13.16 $441.26 $456.37 $454.64 $456.65 Seasonally adjusted............. 12.80 13.18 13.23 13.29 442.88 453.39 456.44 458.51 Goods-producing......................... 14.35 14.75 14.83 14.94 586.92 606.23 612.48 611.05 Mining................................ 16.76 17.00 16.95 17.13 735.76 751.40 749.19 757.15 Construction.......................... 16.66 17.02 17.07 17.26 669.73 668.89 679.39 688.67 Manufacturing......................... 13.38 13.85 13.90 13.94 549.92 577.55 581.02 574.33 Durable goods........................ 13.77 14.34 14.40 14.41 571.46 606.58 610.56 599.46 Lumber and wood products............ 11.17 11.42 11.44 11.52 460.20 472.79 475.90 474.62 Furniture and fixtures.............. 10.91 11.14 11.15 11.24 439.67 443.37 449.35 448.48 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.59 13.87 13.94 14.03 595.24 607.51 611.97 610.31 Primary metal industries............ 15.56 15.75 15.89 16.13 670.64 699.30 703.93 703.27 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.50 18.79 19.04 19.35 812.15 843.67 858.70 859.14 Fabricated metal products........... 12.88 13.45 13.46 13.53 535.81 566.25 569.36 562.85 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.43 14.95 14.98 15.07 610.39 630.89 630.66 628.42 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.13 13.38 13.41 13.45 533.08 551.26 555.17 544.73 Transportation equipment............ 16.86 17.98 18.19 18.01 691.26 789.32 802.18 761.82 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 16.79 18.40 18.65 18.33 664.88 831.68 848.58 788.19 Instruments and related products.... 13.78 14.10 14.12 14.23 560.85 583.74 585.98 582.01 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10.85 11.25 11.29 11.32 425.32 451.13 450.47 441.48 Nondurable goods..................... 12.81 13.11 13.15 13.22 520.09 536.20 539.15 538.05 Food and kindred products........... 11.80 12.11 12.18 12.18 490.88 503.78 507.91 509.12 Tobacco products.................... 20.59 20.63 20.82 20.68 809.19 821.07 830.72 812.72 Textile mill products............... 10.36 10.69 10.77 10.73 418.54 437.22 441.57 434.57 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.48 8.81 8.88 8.82 312.91 333.02 339.22 329.87 Paper and allied products........... 15.64 15.91 15.98 16.07 674.08 688.90 695.13 689.40 Printing and publishing............. 13.44 13.74 13.73 13.84 512.06 522.12 518.99 524.54 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.19 17.39 17.33 17.48 734.01 744.29 743.46 744.65 Petroleum and coal products......... 20.83 21.05 21.09 21.20 933.18 896.73 896.33 915.84 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 11.91 12.21 12.26 12.38 489.50 511.60 513.69 510.06 Leather and leather products........ 9.14 9.59 9.57 9.63 337.27 367.30 367.49 363.05 Service-producing....................... 12.14 12.70 12.60 12.61 403.05 417.83 414.54 417.39 Transportation and public utilities... 15.27 15.55 15.53 15.68 606.22 603.34 605.67 609.95 Wholesale trade....................... 14.04 14.53 14.43 14.54 537.73 560.86 554.11 558.34 Retail trade.......................... 8.69 9.03 9.02 9.02 258.96 262.77 265.19 268.80 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 13.94 14.72 14.51 14.54 503.23 535.81 520.91 523.44 Services.............................. 12.68 13.34 13.22 13.21 417.17 436.22 430.97 433.29 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent July Mar. Apr. May June July change Industry 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p from: June 1999- July 1999 Total private: Current dollars.............. $12.80 $13.11 $13.14 $13.18 $13.23 $13.29 0.5 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.76 7.86 7.83 7.85 7.88 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 14.33 14.61 14.67 14.75 14.84 14.93 .6 Mining...................... 16.87 17.00 16.87 17.05 16.98 17.24 1.5 Construction................ 16.63 16.92 16.97 17.08 17.15 17.22 .4 Manufacturing............... 13.46 13.71 13.79 13.85 13.94 14.04 .7 Excluding overtime4....... 12.75 13.00 13.09 13.13 13.20 13.27 .5 Service-producing............. 12.30 12.63 12.65 12.68 12.72 12.77 .4 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.31 15.53 15.60 15.65 15.62 15.72 .6 Wholesale trade............. 14.09 14.42 14.44 14.48 14.55 14.60 .3 Retail trade................ 8.76 8.98 9.03 9.04 9.06 9.10 .4 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 14.08 14.51 14.58 14.60 14.63 14.69 .4 Services.................... 12.89 13.27 13.28 13.33 13.37 13.43 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .4 percent from May 1999 to June 1999, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry July May June July July Mar. Apr. May June July 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... 147.6 148.2 149.9 150.6 145.2 146.8 147.0 147.2 147.7 148.2 Goods-producing......................... 115.8 114.9 116.9 116.0 114.8 114.2 114.2 114.4 114.6 114.9 Mining................................ 57.1 50.1 50.4 50.7 56.5 50.5 50.4 50.1 49.6 50.3 Construction.......................... 180.8 174.3 182.7 187.6 165.1 169.1 169.2 170.0 172.8 171.1 Manufacturing......................... 105.5 106.3 107.0 104.7 107.8 106.5 106.5 106.5 106.2 107.0 Durable goods........................ 107.9 110.9 111.6 108.3 110.9 110.4 110.4 110.5 110.4 111.5 Lumber and wood products............ 147.7 147.6 150.5 148.9 145.5 147.9 147.5 147.3 146.7 146.4 Furniture and fixtures.............. 132.6 134.1 136.3 134.4 135.3 135.2 135.6 135.9 136.2 137.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 117.6 119.2 120.7 119.4 115.7 115.4 116.2 117.0 116.8 117.3 Primary metal industries............ 88.8 90.4 90.3 87.6 91.7 90.0 89.9 90.3 89.6 90.6 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 71.0 69.5 69.5 68.4 71.7 68.2 69.1 69.2 68.8 69.3 Fabricated metal products........... 114.2 116.9 117.9 114.6 118.4 117.0 116.2 116.9 116.8 118.7 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 107.6 105.3 105.0 102.6 110.1 104.4 104.1 104.5 104.1 105.3 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 106.3 105.5 106.1 103.5 109.4 105.1 105.6 106.2 105.8 106.8 Transportation equipment............ 106.7 125.5 126.3 118.2 114.5 125.3 125.5 123.4 125.0 127.2 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 119.5 167.2 169.1 154.7 132.9 162.7 164.8 162.4 166.5 172.4 Instruments and related products.... 75.2 75.2 75.4 73.9 76.6 74.7 75.8 75.6 75.2 75.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 100.6 101.3 101.3 97.7 103.5 100.0 100.3 101.4 100.9 100.4 Nondurable goods..................... 102.2 100.1 100.8 99.7 103.4 101.2 101.2 101.1 100.5 100.9 Food and kindred products........... 118.9 115.2 117.1 119.3 117.9 118.8 118.9 118.5 118.1 118.4 Tobacco products.................... 53.2 50.0 50.6 48.7 61.6 55.7 55.4 55.3 55.9 55.5 Textile mill products............... 84.1 81.0 81.1 79.1 86.0 81.1 81.6 81.1 79.6 81.1 Apparel and other textile products.. 65.2 61.5 61.7 58.8 67.4 61.5 61.4 61.4 60.5 60.4 Paper and allied products........... 108.0 105.3 106.6 105.0 109.0 107.0 106.7 106.3 105.8 105.8 Printing and publishing............. 124.3 120.9 120.9 120.9 125.4 121.9 121.9 122.3 121.9 121.8 Chemicals and allied products....... 102.6 101.8 102.3 101.0 103.4 101.8 102.4 102.3 101.7 101.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 81.1 73.8 74.6 76.3 77.7 76.4 74.5 73.9 72.9 73.4 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 143.1 149.6 150.2 145.5 147.6 148.8 148.5 149.5 148.6 150.5 Leather and leather products........ 33.8 32.7 32.8 29.5 35.5 32.4 32.8 32.4 32.0 31.1 Service-producing....................... 161.8 163.2 164.7 166.1 158.9 161.5 161.6 161.9 162.6 163.1 Transportation and public utilities... 132.6 133.3 134.7 133.9 132.3 133.8 133.6 133.0 133.7 133.3 Wholesale trade....................... 129.9 132.7 132.9 133.1 129.0 131.3 131.6 131.5 131.8 131.9 Retail trade.......................... 144.9 143.4 146.4 148.5 140.5 141.9 142.6 143.3 143.6 144.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.5 140.4 140.4 141.8 136.9 139.3 139.1 138.8 139.4 140.3 Services.............................. 198.6 201.6 202.9 204.9 195.0 198.8 198.9 199.3 200.6 201.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 63.8 58.0 54.6 56.5 47.5 54.8 55.6 59.1 57.9 56.9 55.2 57.7 1996.............. 49.6 64.9 59.4 55.1 61.9 60.8 57.0 62.5 57.3 63.5 59.7 61.2 1997.............. 56.2 61.0 61.9 62.8 58.8 56.3 60.7 61.0 59.4 65.4 63.6 62.1 1998.............. 63.8 57.9 58.8 60.5 55.9 57.9 58.0 55.8 54.6 52.9 59.1 58.6 1999.............. 54.4 58.3 52.1 58.8 51.5 p55.8 p59.0 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 63.8 62.9 58.0 53.5 53.9 52.7 59.3 61.0 59.4 58.6 57.3 55.3 1996.............. 62.6 62.5 63.3 63.1 63.1 64.3 64.3 62.2 64.6 64.2 66.2 63.2 1997.............. 63.8 63.6 67.7 67.3 62.6 61.7 61.4 66.2 67.3 69.9 70.8 71.2 1998.............. 66.7 66.2 64.5 63.9 61.4 58.7 60.0 58.4 57.6 57.6 59.0 60.4 1999.............. 60.7 55.9 59.6 54.6 p55.5 p57.0 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 66.7 59.7 58.6 56.5 59.0 60.0 57.7 61.0 60.5 59.3 61.7 63.2 1996.............. 62.6 65.2 64.5 65.2 64.7 64.6 67.0 65.4 65.9 66.7 66.9 66.7 1997.............. 67.4 68.3 65.6 67.0 65.6 64.9 66.3 68.4 69.7 71.3 71.3 71.9 1998.............. 70.6 66.9 65.9 62.4 62.6 61.1 58.0 59.8 60.0 60.8 60.8 58.0 1999.............. 61.1 58.8 p56.3 p57.7 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 63.6 62.4 62.6 63.3 61.7 61.9 58.7 62.2 62.2 61.5 63.5 65.4 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9 1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 69.7 69.8 71.3 1998.............. 70.4 68.3 67.1 64.0 62.1 61.7 61.8 63.8 59.8 59.0 59.3 p58.4 1999.............. p59.8 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 57.2 50.4 47.1 52.9 41.4 45.3 45.0 51.1 48.6 51.1 45.3 48.2 1996.............. 42.4 55.4 46.8 41.0 55.8 51.4 47.1 56.5 48.9 55.0 50.7 54.0 1997.............. 50.0 52.9 53.6 56.1 52.2 53.2 51.1 55.4 53.6 62.2 61.2 55.4 1998.............. 58.6 51.8 50.4 50.4 40.6 46.8 40.3 45.3 42.1 36.3 39.9 45.0 1999.............. 40.3 42.4 39.6 44.6 36.3 p42.8 p55.4 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 55.4 51.4 44.2 41.7 43.5 37.4 42.1 43.9 48.2 46.8 44.6 41.4 1996.............. 46.8 46.0 43.5 46.0 48.2 51.1 51.8 49.6 53.2 52.5 55.0 50.7 1997.............. 51.8 51.4 57.6 56.8 54.3 51.8 53.6 55.4 59.7 68.3 65.8 64.4 1998.............. 59.4 57.9 51.8 44.2 41.7 34.9 37.4 37.1 38.1 34.2 35.6 35.3 1999.............. 37.4 31.7 37.1 30.2 p32.7 p41.7 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 55.4 45.7 43.2 38.1 41.7 42.8 41.0 42.1 43.5 43.2 44.2 45.0 1996.............. 41.4 46.0 45.7 47.1 46.0 48.6 52.9 50.4 51.8 51.4 52.5 51.8 1997.............. 54.7 54.0 51.4 54.3 52.5 52.2 55.4 61.2 61.5 64.7 66.2 65.1 1998.............. 59.7 49.3 48.2 36.7 36.7 36.7 28.4 31.3 33.5 35.3 32.7 28.1 1999.............. 33.1 29.1 p27.3 p33.5 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 46.0 44.2 46.0 47.8 41.0 41.7 38.5 38.8 36.3 38.5 39.9 44.6 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7 1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.5 55.4 57.2 1998.............. 54.0 49.3 46.0 40.6 35.6 33.8 30.9 32.0 26.6 26.6 25.5 p26.3 1999.............. p30.9 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.