Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 03-157 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, April 4, 2003. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2003 Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 108,000 in March, while the unemployment rate was unchanged at 5.8 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment continued to decline in manufacturing, retail trade, and transportation. Government employment also was down over the month. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 8.4 million, was unchanged in March, and the unemployment rate remained at 5.8 percent. Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (5.3 percent), adult women (5.0 percent), teenagers (17.7 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks or African Americans (10.2 percent), and Hispanics or Latinos (7.5 percent)--showed little or no change in March. The unemployment rate for Asians was 6.5 percent, not seasonally adjusted. About 1 in 5 unemployed persons had been without a job for 27 weeks or longer. (See tables A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-9.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment in March was 137.3 million, and the employment-popula- tion ratio was about unchanged at 62.3 percent. The civilian labor force was 145.8 million. The labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population age 16 and older who are either working or looking for work--was 66.2 percent. Since March 2001, the labor force participation rate has decreased by 0.9 percentage point. (See table A-1.) There were 4.7 million persons working part time for economic reasons in March, little changed from February. These persons indicated that they would like to work full time, but worked part time because their hours were cut back or they were unable to find a full-time job. The number of such workers has increased by about half a million over the year. (See table A-5.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) In March, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, compared with 1.4 million a year earlier. These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. There were 474,000 discouraged workers in March, up from 330,000 a year ago. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-13.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Feb.- Category | 2002 |2003 1/ | 2003 1/ | Mar. |________|________|________ _________________|change | IV | I | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 145,241| 145,829| 145,838| 145,857| 145,793| -64 Employment..........| 136,657| 137,430| 137,536| 137,408| 137,348| -60 Unemployment........| 8,584| 8,399| 8,302| 8,450| 8,445| -5 Not in labor force....| 73,302| 74,280| 74,059| 74,257| 74,524| 267 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.9| 5.8| 5.7| 5.8| 5.8| .0 Adult men...........| 5.5| 5.4| 5.4| 5.3| 5.3| .0 Adult women.........| 5.2| 4.9| 4.7| 5.0| 5.0| .0 Teenagers...........| 16.1| 17.2| 16.8| 17.1| 17.7| 0.6 White 2/............| 5.1| 5.1| 5.1| 5.0| 5.1| .1 Black or African | | | | | | American 2/.......| 10.7| 10.3| 10.3| 10.5| 10.2| -.3 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity.........| 7.8| 7.7| 7.8| 7.7| 7.5| -.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 130,795|p130,599| 130,873|p130,516|p130,408| p-108 Goods-producing 3/..| 23,623| p23,491| 23,563| p23,462| p23,448| p-14 Construction......| 6,544| p6,543| 6,564| p6,522| p6,543| p21 Manufacturing.....| 16,528| p16,396| 16,447| p16,388| p16,352| p-36 Service-producing 3/| 107,172|p107,108| 107,310|p107,054|p106,960| p-94 Retail trade......| 23,229| p23,179| 23,271| p23,154| p23,111| p-43 Services..........| 41,419| p41,438| 41,522| p41,401| p41,391| p-10 Government........| 21,357| p21,362| 21,367| p21,380| p21,340| p-40 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.2| p34.2| 34.3| p34.1| p34.3| p0.2 Manufacturing.......| 40.7| p40.8| 40.9| p40.8| p40.8| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.1| p4.1| 4.1| p4.1| p4.0| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 147.9| p147.7| 148.5| p147.1| p147.6| p0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 4/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $14.94| p$15.06| $14.99| p$15.08| p$15.10| p$0.02 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 510.45| p515.44| 514.16| p514.23| p517.93| p3.70 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Beginning in January 2003, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only were in- cluded in this category. Persons who selected more than one race group are included only in the "all workers" total. Prior to 2003, persons who re- ported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment fell by 108,000 in March to 130.4 million, seasonally adjusted. This followed a loss of 357,000 jobs (as revised) in February. The largest job declines in March occurred in manufacturing, retail trade, and government. Construction employment edged upward, and most other major industries showed little change in employment. (See table B-1.) Widespread job losses continued in manufacturing (-36,000) over the month, particularly in the industries that produce durable goods. Manu- facturing employment reached its most recent peak in April 1998 and has since fallen by 2.5 million. Over the month, employment in industrial machinery decreased by 8,000 and has fallen by 470,000 since its most recent peak in April 1998. Employment in electronic and other electrical equipment edged down by 4,000 in March and has dropped by 418,000 since November 2000. Aircraft manufacturing lost 2,000 jobs over the month, and employment in the industry has declined by 141,000 since September 1998. Each of these three industries has had an employment decrease of at least 20 percent. In March, employment in the construction industry increased by 21,000, following a decrease of 42,000 (as revised) in February. Since April 2002, construction industry employment has shown virtually no net change. In mining, employment has been essentially unchanged since September 2002. A gain of 9,000 jobs in oil and gas extraction over that period was largely offset by losses in nonmetallic mining. Retail trade lost 43,000 jobs in March, after seasonal adjustment, mainly reflecting another large decline in eating and drinking places. Employment in eating and drinking places fell by 38,000 over the month; the industry has lost nearly 300,000 jobs since its peak in July 2001. Department stores lost 13,000 jobs in March. Over the past 2 years, government employment trended upward, while private sector employment trended downward. Recently, budget problems have lowered the rate of job growth in state and local government. In March, government employment fell by 40,000. Transportation employment was down by 14,000 in March, with small losses across many component industries. Since peaking in January 2001, transporta- tion has lost 301,000 jobs, with air transportation accounting for over half the decline. Employment in services was essentially unchanged in March, after decreasing by 121,000 in February. Computer and data processing services lost 10,000 jobs over the month. Seasonal hiring was less than usual in several services industries. As a result, seasonally adjusted employment was down in help supply services (-48,000), amusements and recreation (-21,000), agricultural services (-15,000), and hotels and other lodging places (-12,000). Job gains in other service industries, such as health services, private education, and social services, partly offset these losses. Wholesale trade employment held steady during the first 3 months of 2003. The industry had lost an average of 5,000 jobs per month in 2002. Employment in finance edged upward in March. Mortgage banking added 3,000 jobs, compared with average gains of 7,000 over the previous 9 months. Since January 2001, employment in this industry has increased by 126,000, or 42 percent. - 4 - Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2 hour in March to 34.3 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged at 40.8 hours. Manu- facturing overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 4.0 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 percent in March to 147.6 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 0.6 percent to 90.0 over the month. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in March to $15.10, seasonally adjusted. This followed a gain of 9 cents in February (as revised). Average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent in March to $517.93. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.1 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for April 2003 is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). -------------------------------------------------------------------- | Impact of the Call-up of Military Reservists on the | | Employment Data | | | | According to information released by the U.S. Department of | | Defense, about 210,000 reservists had been called into active | | duty as of mid-March. BLS is unable to quantify the impact of | | this call-up on its employment figures. | | | | With regard to the payroll survey: | | | | -- In concept, persons on active military duty for the | | entire survey reference period are not included on em- | | ployer payrolls. | | | | -- Some reservists would have held jobs not covered by the | | payroll survey--such as the self employed or those in | | agriculture--and others may not have held jobs at all. | | | | -- Some of the reservists were called up recently and may | | have worked for their regular employer during part of | | the survey reference period. Therefore, they would have | | been counted on the employer's payroll. | | | | | -- If reservists are replaced by new workers on an em- | | ployer's payroll, there would be no net change in the | | number of jobs counted. If reservists are not replaced, | | a net decline in the employer's job count would result. | | | | With regard to the household survey, the Current Population | | Survey only measures the civilian noninstitutional population. | | Also, the population levels to which the labor force estimates | | are controlled are not adjusted to reflect the call-up of re- | | servists. As a result, the survey will not register the impact | | of these call-ups. | -------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Upcoming Changes to National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series NAICS conversion. Nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) with the June 6, 2003, release of May 2003 estimates. The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC- based series will no longer be produced or published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date for these series. For more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the definitional changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES published data types: all employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours). Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private sector industries already have been converted. The final stage of the sample redesign phase-in may result in level shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series. New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS-based probability sample. Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year. With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES national estimates. Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal employee count produced by the Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include these workers starting in June. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of federal establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and will reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect these changes. Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is available through the BLS public database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555. - 6 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000 establishments employing about 37 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 7 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 8 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 9 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 216,823 220,114 220,317 216,823 218,548 218,741 219,897 220,114 220,317 Civilian labor force............................ 144,334 145,693 145,801 144,367 145,180 145,150 145,838 145,857 145,793 Participation rate........................ 66.6 66.2 66.2 66.6 66.4 66.4 66.3 66.3 66.2 Employed...................................... 135,558 136,433 136,783 136,143 136,542 136,439 137,536 137,408 137,348 Employment-population ratio............... 62.5 62.0 62.1 62.8 62.5 62.4 62.5 62.4 62.3 Unemployed.................................... 8,776 9,260 9,018 8,224 8,637 8,711 8,302 8,450 8,445 Unemployment rate......................... 6.1 6.4 6.2 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 Not in labor force.............................. 72,490 74,421 74,516 72,456 73,369 73,591 74,059 74,257 74,524 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,426 4,495 4,763 4,658 4,727 4,546 4,676 4,462 5,020 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 104,198 105,895 106,005 104,198 105,094 105,195 105,767 105,895 106,005 Civilian labor force............................ 77,009 77,658 77,533 77,240 77,618 77,492 77,693 77,927 77,738 Participation rate........................ 73.9 73.3 73.1 74.1 73.9 73.7 73.5 73.6 73.3 Employed...................................... 71,956 72,237 72,304 72,719 72,773 72,690 72,994 73,249 73,064 Employment-population ratio............... 69.1 68.2 68.2 69.8 69.2 69.1 69.0 69.2 68.9 Unemployed.................................... 5,052 5,421 5,228 4,521 4,845 4,801 4,699 4,678 4,674 Unemployment rate......................... 6.6 7.0 6.7 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 Not in labor force.............................. 27,189 28,237 28,473 26,958 27,476 27,703 28,074 27,968 28,268 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 95,999 97,762 97,869 95,999 97,022 97,139 97,635 97,762 97,869 Civilian labor force............................ 73,279 74,206 74,208 73,307 73,770 73,744 73,993 74,254 74,236 Participation rate........................ 76.3 75.9 75.8 76.4 76.0 75.9 75.8 76.0 75.9 Employed...................................... 68,929 69,518 69,679 69,517 69,617 69,600 69,967 70,293 70,293 Employment-population ratio............... 71.8 71.1 71.2 72.4 71.8 71.6 71.7 71.9 71.8 Unemployed.................................... 4,350 4,688 4,528 3,789 4,153 4,145 4,026 3,962 3,944 Unemployment rate......................... 5.9 6.3 6.1 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 Not in labor force.............................. 22,720 23,556 23,661 22,692 23,252 23,394 23,642 23,508 23,632 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 112,626 114,219 114,312 112,626 113,455 113,546 114,130 114,219 114,312 Civilian labor force............................ 67,325 68,036 68,269 67,127 67,562 67,658 68,144 67,930 68,055 Participation rate........................ 59.8 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.5 59.5 Employed...................................... 63,601 64,196 64,479 63,423 63,769 63,749 64,542 64,159 64,284 Employment-population ratio............... 56.5 56.2 56.4 56.3 56.2 56.1 56.6 56.2 56.2 Unemployed.................................... 3,724 3,839 3,790 3,704 3,792 3,909 3,603 3,772 3,771 Unemployment rate......................... 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.5 Not in labor force.............................. 45,301 46,184 46,043 45,499 45,893 45,888 45,985 46,289 46,257 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 104,752 106,322 106,411 104,752 105,594 105,678 106,235 106,322 106,411 Civilian labor force............................ 63,712 64,622 64,877 63,314 63,921 64,036 64,479 64,310 64,477 Participation rate........................ 60.8 60.8 61.0 60.4 60.5 60.6 60.7 60.5 60.6 Employed...................................... 60,520 61,278 61,592 60,161 60,697 60,676 61,443 61,073 61,227 Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 57.6 57.9 57.4 57.5 57.4 57.8 57.4 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 3,192 3,344 3,285 3,153 3,224 3,360 3,035 3,237 3,250 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 41,039 41,701 41,533 41,438 41,673 41,642 41,757 42,013 41,933 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,073 16,030 16,038 16,073 15,933 15,925 16,027 16,030 16,038 Civilian labor force............................ 7,343 6,866 6,717 7,746 7,489 7,369 7,366 7,293 7,079 Participation rate........................ 45.7 42.8 41.9 48.2 47.0 46.3 46.0 45.5 44.1 Employed...................................... 6,108 5,637 5,512 6,464 6,228 6,164 6,125 6,042 5,829 Employment-population ratio............... 38.0 35.2 34.4 40.2 39.1 38.7 38.2 37.7 36.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,234 1,229 1,205 1,282 1,261 1,206 1,241 1,251 1,251 Unemployment rate......................... 16.8 17.9 17.9 16.6 16.8 16.4 16.8 17.1 17.7 Not in labor force.............................. 8,730 9,164 9,321 8,327 8,444 8,555 8,661 8,736 8,959 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 WHITE (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 179,279 180,599 180,728 179,279 180,450 180,580 180,460 180,599 180,728 Civilian labor force............................ 119,816 120,128 120,201 119,863 120,345 120,093 120,084 120,166 120,200 Participation rate.......................... 66.8 66.5 66.5 66.9 66.7 66.5 66.5 66.5 66.5 Employed...................................... 113,372 113,376 113,630 113,871 114,128 113,910 113,995 114,135 114,089 Employment-population ratio................. 63.2 62.8 62.9 63.5 63.2 63.1 63.2 63.2 63.1 Unemployed.................................... 6,444 6,752 6,572 5,992 6,218 6,184 6,089 6,031 6,111 Unemployment rate........................... 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.1 Not in labor force.............................. 59,463 60,470 60,526 59,416 60,104 60,487 60,376 60,432 60,528 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 61,754 62,210 62,214 61,815 62,229 62,112 62,003 62,235 62,269 Participation rate.......................... 76.6 76.3 76.3 76.6 76.6 76.3 76.2 76.4 76.3 Employed...................................... 58,452 58,652 58,802 58,988 59,127 59,053 58,994 59,342 59,344 Employment-population ratio................. 72.5 72.0 72.1 73.1 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.8 72.7 Unemployed.................................... 3,302 3,558 3,412 2,827 3,102 3,059 3,009 2,893 2,925 Unemployment rate........................... 5.3 5.7 5.5 4.6 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.6 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 51,909 52,210 52,404 51,550 51,785 51,752 51,909 51,840 52,039 Participation rate.......................... 60.3 60.3 60.5 59.9 59.8 59.7 60.0 59.9 60.1 Employed...................................... 49,667 49,944 50,120 49,326 49,586 49,488 49,768 49,645 49,770 Employment-population ratio................. 57.7 57.7 57.8 57.3 57.3 57.1 57.5 57.3 57.4 Unemployed.................................... 2,242 2,265 2,284 2,223 2,199 2,264 2,141 2,194 2,269 Unemployment rate........................... 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 4.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,153 5,709 5,583 6,498 6,332 6,230 6,172 6,091 5,892 Participation rate.......................... 48.8 45.7 44.7 51.6 50.3 49.4 49.4 48.8 47.2 Employed...................................... 5,253 4,780 4,707 5,557 5,415 5,369 5,232 5,147 4,976 Employment-population ratio................. 41.7 38.3 37.7 44.1 43.0 42.6 41.9 41.2 39.8 Unemployed.................................... 900 929 876 941 917 861 940 944 916 Unemployment rate........................... 14.6 16.3 15.7 14.5 14.5 13.8 15.2 15.5 15.6 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,444 25,519 25,552 25,444 25,751 25,784 25,484 25,519 25,552 Civilian labor force............................ 16,437 16,294 16,288 16,454 16,540 16,706 16,374 16,395 16,296 Participation rate.......................... 64.6 63.8 63.7 64.7 64.2 64.8 64.3 64.2 63.8 Employed...................................... 14,659 14,491 14,558 14,746 14,754 14,827 14,684 14,669 14,641 Employment-population ratio................. 57.6 56.8 57.0 58.0 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.5 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,778 1,803 1,730 1,708 1,786 1,879 1,690 1,726 1,655 Unemployment rate........................... 10.8 11.1 10.6 10.4 10.8 11.2 10.3 10.5 10.2 Not in labor force.............................. 9,007 9,225 9,264 8,990 9,211 9,078 9,110 9,124 9,256 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,370 7,298 7,209 7,363 7,250 7,311 7,233 7,296 7,195 Participation rate.......................... 72.7 71.5 70.5 72.7 70.5 71.0 71.0 71.5 70.4 Employed...................................... 6,606 6,479 6,465 6,668 6,480 6,543 6,489 6,560 6,526 Employment-population ratio................. 65.2 63.5 63.3 65.8 63.0 63.6 63.7 64.3 63.8 Unemployed.................................... 764 818 744 695 770 768 744 736 669 Unemployment rate........................... 10.4 11.2 10.3 9.4 10.6 10.5 10.3 10.1 9.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,244 8,260 8,352 8,208 8,442 8,540 8,327 8,296 8,315 Participation rate.......................... 63.9 63.8 64.4 63.6 64.7 65.4 64.4 64.1 64.1 Employed...................................... 7,505 7,502 7,624 7,474 7,685 7,712 7,629 7,548 7,592 Employment-population ratio................. 58.2 57.9 58.8 57.9 58.9 59.0 59.0 58.3 58.6 Unemployed.................................... 738 758 728 733 757 827 698 748 723 Unemployment rate........................... 9.0 9.2 8.7 8.9 9.0 9.7 8.4 9.0 8.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 824 736 727 883 849 855 813 803 786 Participation rate.......................... 34.2 31.1 30.7 36.6 35.0 35.2 34.4 33.9 33.2 Employed...................................... 548 510 470 603 590 571 566 560 524 Employment-population ratio................. 22.8 21.6 19.8 25.0 24.3 23.5 23.9 23.7 22.1 Unemployed.................................... 276 226 257 280 259 284 247 242 262 Unemployment rate........................... 33.5 30.7 35.4 31.7 30.5 33.2 30.4 30.2 33.4 ASIAN (2) Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,587 9,036 9,081 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Civilian labor force............................ 6,409 6,006 6,063 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Participation rate.......................... 66.9 66.5 66.8 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Employed...................................... 6,049 5,645 5,672 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 62.5 62.5 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Unemployed.................................... 360 361 391 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Unemployment rate........................... 5.6 6.0 6.5 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Not in labor force.............................. 3,178 3,031 3,018 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. 3 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,655 27,095 27,191 25,655 26,355 26,436 26,994 27,095 27,191 Civilian labor force............................ 17,739 18,638 18,665 17,697 18,169 18,134 18,614 18,658 18,614 Participation rate.......................... 69.1 68.8 68.6 69.0 68.9 68.6 69.0 68.9 68.5 Employed...................................... 16,312 17,083 17,123 16,405 16,755 16,708 17,155 17,223 17,215 Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 63.0 63.0 63.9 63.6 63.2 63.5 63.6 63.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,427 1,555 1,542 1,292 1,414 1,425 1,459 1,436 1,399 Unemployment rate........................... 8.0 8.3 8.3 7.3 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 Not in labor force.............................. 7,916 8,456 8,527 7,959 8,186 8,303 8,380 8,436 8,577 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 9,801 10,629 10,625 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 83.3 84.6 84.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 9,084 9,854 9,868 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 77.2 78.4 78.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 717 775 757 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.3 7.3 7.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 6,805 7,068 7,120 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 59.8 58.9 59.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,320 6,491 6,501 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 55.5 54.0 53.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 486 577 619 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.1 8.2 8.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,133 941 920 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 45.2 37.4 36.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 908 738 754 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 36.3 29.3 29.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 225 203 166 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 19.8 21.6 18.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,648 12,299 12,874 12,672 12,541 12,607 12,542 12,638 12,896 Participation rate.................... 44.0 43.7 45.0 44.1 44.9 44.6 43.7 44.9 45.1 Employed................................ 11,463 11,028 11,608 11,650 11,417 11,470 11,471 11,522 11,802 Employment-population ratio........... 39.9 39.2 40.6 40.5 40.9 40.6 40.0 40.9 41.3 Unemployed.............................. 1,185 1,271 1,266 1,023 1,124 1,136 1,071 1,116 1,094 Unemployment rate..................... 9.4 10.3 9.8 8.1 9.0 9.0 8.5 8.8 8.5 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 37,739 37,886 37,911 37,430 37,967 37,797 37,856 37,816 37,632 Participation rate.................... 64.4 63.8 64.0 63.9 63.5 63.6 63.5 63.7 63.5 Employed................................ 35,522 35,525 35,625 35,426 35,963 35,775 35,923 35,779 35,569 Employment-population ratio........... 60.6 59.8 60.1 60.4 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.2 60.0 Unemployed.............................. 2,217 2,361 2,287 2,004 2,004 2,021 1,933 2,037 2,063 Unemployment rate..................... 5.9 6.2 6.0 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.4 5.5 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 33,534 34,519 34,103 33,405 33,890 33,831 34,186 34,335 34,008 Participation rate.................... 73.4 73.6 73.5 73.1 72.7 72.4 73.3 73.2 73.3 Employed................................ 32,019 32,799 32,399 31,964 32,260 32,154 32,556 32,730 32,382 Employment-population ratio........... 70.1 70.0 69.8 70.0 69.2 68.8 69.8 69.8 69.8 Unemployed.............................. 1,515 1,719 1,703 1,441 1,630 1,677 1,630 1,605 1,626 Unemployment rate..................... 4.5 5.0 5.0 4.3 4.8 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.8 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 38,499 39,370 39,603 38,420 38,476 38,652 38,778 39,046 39,507 Participation rate.................... 79.4 78.8 78.7 79.2 79.0 79.2 78.8 78.2 78.5 Employed................................ 37,462 38,201 38,443 37,336 37,344 37,530 37,626 37,892 38,292 Employment-population ratio........... 77.2 76.5 76.4 77.0 76.6 76.9 76.4 75.9 76.1 Unemployed.............................. 1,037 1,169 1,160 1,084 1,132 1,121 1,152 1,154 1,215 Unemployment rate..................... 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,212 1,983 2,108 2,342 2,314 2,342 2,314 2,178 2,227 Wage and salary workers................ 1,154 1,038 1,149 1,277 1,219 1,260 1,195 1,174 1,271 Self-employed workers.................. 1,036 924 928 1,033 1,060 1,038 1,071 953 923 Unpaid family workers.................. 22 21 30 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 133,345 134,451 134,676 133,760 134,206 134,080 135,142 135,317 135,104 Wage and salary workers................ 124,749 125,402 125,588 125,036 124,786 124,735 125,768 126,006 125,886 Government........................... 19,697 19,850 19,573 19,449 19,647 19,551 19,868 19,418 19,318 Private industries................... 105,052 105,552 106,015 105,609 105,148 105,348 105,907 106,437 106,583 Private households................. 727 639 676 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 104,325 104,913 105,339 104,887 104,365 104,673 105,192 105,773 105,910 Self-employed workers.................. 8,493 8,959 8,985 8,673 9,276 9,250 9,444 9,258 9,181 Unpaid family workers.................. 103 90 102 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,225 5,061 4,784 4,132 4,329 4,273 4,643 4,807 4,696 Slack work or business conditions.... 2,878 3,396 3,263 2,744 2,855 2,893 3,027 3,152 3,123 Could only find part-time work....... 1,091 1,328 1,203 1,075 1,159 1,110 1,297 1,275 1,192 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,384 19,360 19,555 18,711 18,727 18,555 19,314 18,421 18,888 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,146 4,931 4,672 4,050 4,272 4,219 4,496 4,675 4,587 Slack work or business conditions.... 2,829 3,317 3,199 2,686 2,816 2,854 2,947 3,062 3,048 Could only find part-time work....... 1,083 1,309 1,200 1,059 1,158 1,097 1,267 1,257 1,178 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,007 19,032 19,158 18,359 18,361 18,197 18,984 18,134 18,529 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 135,558 136,433 136,783 136,143 136,542 136,439 137,536 137,408 137,348 16 to 19 years.................................. 6,108 5,637 5,512 6,464 6,228 6,164 6,125 6,042 5,829 16 to 17 years................................ 2,196 2,103 2,053 2,451 2,256 2,258 2,446 2,352 2,292 18 to 19 years................................ 3,912 3,533 3,459 4,016 3,960 3,921 3,694 3,722 3,550 20 years and over............................... 129,449 130,796 131,272 129,679 130,314 130,275 131,410 131,365 131,519 20 to 24 years................................ 12,983 13,243 13,197 13,230 13,387 13,372 13,568 13,510 13,458 25 years and over............................. 116,467 117,553 118,075 116,384 116,856 116,892 117,876 117,932 117,984 25 to 54 years.............................. 96,939 96,644 97,030 96,966 96,356 96,491 96,957 96,942 97,042 25 to 34 years............................ 30,251 30,317 30,314 30,361 29,961 30,139 30,369 30,563 30,420 35 to 44 years............................ 35,457 34,769 34,952 35,429 34,973 34,942 35,125 34,803 34,910 45 to 54 years............................ 31,230 31,558 31,764 31,176 31,422 31,411 31,463 31,577 31,712 55 years and over........................... 19,528 20,909 21,044 19,419 20,499 20,400 20,918 20,990 20,942 Men, 16 years and over............................ 71,956 72,237 72,304 72,719 72,773 72,690 72,994 73,249 73,064 16 to 19 years.................................. 3,027 2,719 2,625 3,202 3,156 3,091 3,027 2,956 2,772 16 to 17 years................................ 1,022 1,016 944 1,144 1,113 1,102 1,203 1,157 1,056 18 to 19 years................................ 2,005 1,702 1,681 2,053 2,040 1,986 1,838 1,820 1,718 20 years and over............................... 68,929 69,518 69,679 69,517 69,617 69,600 69,967 70,293 70,293 20 to 24 years................................ 6,689 7,003 6,970 6,912 7,014 7,024 7,183 7,215 7,206 25 years and over............................. 62,240 62,515 62,709 62,574 62,562 62,579 62,814 63,151 63,050 25 to 54 years.............................. 51,701 51,411 51,548 52,039 51,569 51,566 51,687 51,925 51,885 25 to 34 years............................ 16,407 16,489 16,474 16,599 16,384 16,445 16,528 16,730 16,669 35 to 44 years............................ 18,944 18,584 18,627 19,042 18,748 18,749 18,824 18,729 18,719 45 to 54 years............................ 16,350 16,338 16,447 16,399 16,437 16,371 16,334 16,466 16,498 55 years and over........................... 10,539 11,104 11,161 10,534 10,993 11,013 11,127 11,227 11,165 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 63,601 64,196 64,479 63,423 63,769 63,749 64,542 64,159 64,284 16 to 19 years.................................. 3,081 2,918 2,887 3,262 3,072 3,073 3,098 3,086 3,057 16 to 17 years................................ 1,174 1,087 1,109 1,307 1,143 1,156 1,243 1,195 1,236 18 to 19 years................................ 1,907 1,831 1,778 1,963 1,921 1,935 1,856 1,902 1,833 20 years and over............................... 60,520 61,278 61,592 60,161 60,697 60,676 61,443 61,073 61,227 20 to 24 years................................ 6,294 6,240 6,226 6,318 6,373 6,348 6,385 6,295 6,252 25 years and over............................. 54,227 55,038 55,366 53,811 54,293 54,313 55,062 54,781 54,934 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,238 45,233 45,482 44,926 44,787 44,926 45,270 45,018 45,157 25 to 34 years............................ 13,844 13,828 13,840 13,762 13,577 13,693 13,841 13,834 13,752 35 to 44 years............................ 16,514 16,185 16,325 16,388 16,225 16,193 16,301 16,073 16,191 45 to 54 years............................ 14,880 15,220 15,318 14,777 14,985 15,039 15,129 15,111 15,214 55 years and over........................... 8,989 9,805 9,884 8,885 9,506 9,387 9,792 9,763 9,777 Married men, spouse present....................... 43,913 44,199 44,146 44,190 44,093 44,005 44,401 44,587 44,415 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,365 34,782 34,891 34,074 34,264 34,189 34,525 34,620 34,569 Women who maintain families....................... 8,381 8,461 8,511 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 111,275 111,856 111,936 112,586 112,828 112,856 112,823 113,442 113,157 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,283 24,577 24,847 23,510 23,765 23,629 24,400 23,830 24,068 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,224 8,450 8,445 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,282 1,251 1,251 16.6 16.8 16.4 16.8 17.1 17.7 16 to 17 years................................ 541 514 460 18.1 19.4 17.6 18.3 17.9 16.7 18 to 19 years................................ 717 702 761 15.2 15.3 15.5 15.9 15.9 17.7 20 years and over............................... 6,942 7,199 7,194 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.1 5.2 5.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,481 1,390 1,310 10.1 9.8 9.7 9.3 9.3 8.9 25 years and over............................. 5,460 5,828 5,876 4.5 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.7 25 to 54 years.............................. 4,758 5,011 5,061 4.7 5.1 5.0 4.7 4.9 5.0 25 to 34 years............................ 1,845 1,809 1,844 5.7 6.2 6.2 5.9 5.6 5.7 35 to 44 years............................ 1,643 1,905 1,747 4.4 4.9 4.8 4.5 5.2 4.8 45 to 54 years............................ 1,269 1,296 1,469 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.4 55 years and over........................... 703 822 821 3.5 3.7 4.2 4.1 3.8 3.8 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,521 4,678 4,674 5.9 6.2 6.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 16 to 19 years.................................. 731 716 730 18.6 18.0 17.5 18.2 19.5 20.8 16 to 17 years................................ 303 273 232 20.9 21.2 18.5 19.3 19.1 18.0 18 to 19 years................................ 409 436 471 16.6 16.1 16.7 17.6 19.3 21.5 20 years and over............................... 3,789 3,962 3,944 5.2 5.6 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.3 20 to 24 years................................ 842 731 685 10.9 10.2 10.2 9.7 9.2 8.7 25 years and over............................. 2,947 3,238 3,250 4.5 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,557 2,749 2,754 4.7 5.3 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 25 to 34 years............................ 1,005 969 987 5.7 6.3 6.1 6.2 5.5 5.6 35 to 44 years............................ 853 997 953 4.3 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.1 4.8 45 to 54 years............................ 699 784 814 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.7 55 years and over........................... 390 488 496 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,704 3,772 3,771 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.5 16 to 19 years.................................. 551 534 521 14.4 15.6 15.2 15.5 14.8 14.6 16 to 17 years................................ 238 241 227 15.4 17.4 16.6 17.3 16.8 15.5 18 to 19 years................................ 309 266 291 13.6 14.4 14.2 14.1 12.3 13.7 20 years and over............................... 3,153 3,237 3,250 5.0 5.0 5.2 4.7 5.0 5.0 20 to 24 years................................ 639 658 625 9.2 9.4 9.3 8.8 9.5 9.1 25 years and over............................. 2,513 2,590 2,627 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,201 2,261 2,307 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.9 25 to 34 years............................ 840 840 857 5.8 5.9 6.3 5.7 5.7 5.9 35 to 44 years............................ 790 908 794 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.3 5.3 4.7 45 to 54 years............................ 571 513 655 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.4 3.3 4.1 55 years and over (2)....................... 333 337 339 3.6 3.2 3.8 4.1 3.3 3.3 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,584 1,667 1,734 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.8 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,312 1,282 1,320 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.7 Women who maintain families (2)................... 721 837 782 7.9 8.0 7.9 8.0 9.0 8.4 Full-time workers (3)............................. 6,929 7,075 7,068 5.8 6.1 6.1 5.8 5.9 5.9 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,298 1,396 1,392 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 4,861 5,487 5,150 4,339 4,833 4,863 4,583 4,756 4,613 On temporary layoff............................. 1,337 1,543 1,402 1,102 1,069 1,110 1,080 1,142 1,157 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,524 3,944 3,749 3,237 3,764 3,753 3,503 3,614 3,456 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,706 2,950 2,837 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 818 994 912 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 913 792 828 876 834 862 825 772 794 Reentrants........................................ 2,520 2,499 2,478 2,438 2,394 2,462 2,331 2,395 2,391 New entrants...................................... 481 482 561 539 586 534 616 579 626 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 55.4 59.3 57.1 53.0 55.9 55.8 54.9 55.9 54.8 On temporary layoff............................ 15.2 16.7 15.5 13.5 12.4 12.7 12.9 13.4 13.7 Not on temporary layoff........................ 40.2 42.6 41.6 39.5 43.5 43.0 41.9 42.5 41.0 Job leavers...................................... 10.4 8.6 9.2 10.7 9.6 9.9 9.9 9.1 9.4 Reentrants....................................... 28.7 27.0 27.5 29.8 27.7 28.2 27.9 28.2 28.4 New entrants..................................... 5.5 5.2 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.1 7.4 6.8 7.4 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 New entrants..................................... .3 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,831 2,679 2,595 3,041 2,912 2,860 2,772 2,749 2,780 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,843 3,132 2,825 2,489 2,532 2,547 2,577 2,565 2,473 15 weeks and over................................. 3,102 3,450 3,598 2,685 3,143 3,296 3,140 3,155 3,104 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,710 1,507 1,703 1,366 1,317 1,392 1,457 1,281 1,316 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,392 1,943 1,896 1,319 1,826 1,904 1,683 1,874 1,788 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 16.2 18.6 18.9 15.4 17.9 18.4 18.4 18.6 18.0 Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.7 10.2 11.2 8.3 9.4 9.6 9.8 9.4 9.6 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 32.3 28.9 28.8 37.0 33.9 32.9 32.6 32.5 33.3 5 to 14 weeks................................... 32.4 33.8 31.3 30.3 29.5 29.3 30.4 30.3 29.6 15 weeks and over............................... 35.3 37.3 39.9 32.7 36.6 37.9 37.0 37.3 37.1 15 to 26 weeks................................ 19.5 16.3 18.9 16.6 15.3 16.0 17.2 15.1 15.7 27 weeks and over............................. 15.9 21.0 21.0 16.1 21.3 21.9 19.8 22.1 21.4 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 135,558 136,783 8,776 9,018 6.1 6.2 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 47,493 48,383 1,388 1,458 2.8 2.9 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 20,056 20,263 570 643 2.8 3.1 Professional and related occupations........................... 27,438 28,120 818 815 2.9 2.8 Service occupations.............................................. 21,273 21,719 1,530 1,850 6.7 7.9 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,031 35,397 2,192 2,000 5.9 5.3 Sales and related occupations.................................. 15,453 15,811 1,052 961 6.4 5.7 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,578 19,586 1,140 1,039 5.5 5.0 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 13,001 13,419 1,449 1,441 10.0 9.7 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 943 959 283 155 23.1 13.9 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 7,582 7,472 926 988 10.9 11.7 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 4,476 4,988 240 298 5.1 5.6 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 18,760 17,865 1,715 1,675 8.4 8.6 Production occupations......................................... 10,388 9,556 922 852 8.2 8.2 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,372 8,310 792 824 8.6 9.0 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational classification system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2002 2003 2002 2003 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 8,776 9,018 6.1 6.2 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 7,331 7,490 6.5 6.6 Mining.......................................... 28 46 5.3 8.2 Construction.................................... 1,009 987 11.8 11.8 Manufacturing................................... 1,367 1,222 7.3 6.8 Durable goods................................. 872 743 7.4 6.7 Nondurable goods.............................. 495 479 7.1 7.0 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,269 1,179 6.6 5.9 Transportation and utilities.................... 313 319 5.6 5.9 Information..................................... 266 267 7.2 7.4 Financial activities............................ 287 357 3.2 4.0 Professional and business services.............. 964 1,190 7.5 9.1 Education and health services................... 540 518 3.2 2.9 Leisure and hospitality......................... 976 1,035 8.5 8.9 Other services.................................. 314 370 5.5 6.1 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 269 161 19.6 12.9 Government workers................................ 477 526 2.4 2.6 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 217 279 2.2 2.7 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Mar. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003 2003 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.1 2.4 2.5 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 3.4 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 6.1 6.4 6.2 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 6.3 6.6 6.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 7.0 7.4 7.2 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 9.8 10.8 10.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Data not available. NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 72,490 74,516 27,189 28,473 45,301 46,043 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,426 4,763 2,046 2,224 2,380 2,539 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,358 1,577 681 831 677 745 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 330 474 220 313 110 160 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,028 1,103 461 518 567 585 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,466 7,385 3,852 3,771 3,614 3,613 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 5.7 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,188 3,954 2,372 2,214 1,817 1,740 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,645 1,691 540 523 1,105 1,168 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 243 321 166 207 77 114 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,356 1,379 766 798 590 581 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003p 2003p Total......................... 129,875 128,804 129,078 129,574 130,701 130,817 130,670 130,873 130,516 130,408 Total private.................... 108,266 107,524 107,386 107,800 109,505 109,453 109,311 109,506 109,136 109,068 Goods-producing......................... 23,518 23,013 22,888 22,977 23,975 23,631 23,551 23,563 23,462 23,448 Mining................................ 550 540 538 543 560 551 553 552 552 553 Metal mining........................ 31.8 31.4 31.0 31.5 32 32 32 32 32 32 Coal mining......................... 80.7 78.0 77.9 78.2 81 78 78 78 78 78 Oil and gas extraction.............. 331.0 331.5 331.1 333.9 336 332 335 335 336 339 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 106.5 98.6 98.0 99.5 111 109 108 107 106 104 Construction.......................... 6,206 6,125 6,063 6,169 6,593 6,543 6,544 6,564 6,522 6,543 General building contractors........ 1,397.7 1,405.1 1,392.3 1,405.7 1,462 1,480 1,476 1,471 1,463 1,469 Heavy construction, except building. 810.8 770.7 763.2 781.3 908 885 880 897 881 875 Special trade contractors........... 3,997.3 3,949.2 3,907.7 3,982.0 4,223 4,178 4,188 4,196 4,178 4,199 Manufacturing......................... 16,762 16,348 16,287 16,265 16,822 16,537 16,454 16,447 16,388 16,352 Production workers................ 11,225 10,945 10,901 10,884 11,264 11,088 11,030 11,045 10,985 10,949 Durable goods........................ 9,958 9,633 9,584 9,567 9,976 9,757 9,699 9,689 9,637 9,608 Production workers................ 6,614 6,397 6,359 6,350 6,625 6,487 6,445 6,456 6,401 6,378 Lumber and wood products............ 753.7 746.1 743.7 738.8 769 761 758 760 758 754 Furniture and fixtures.............. 493.3 475.1 473.2 473.2 491 486 480 479 475 473 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 541.1 535.6 536.5 539.0 550 556 553 556 554 550 Primary metal industries............ 597.1 579.0 574.1 573.2 596 582 579 581 576 576 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 186.8 184.3 182.6 181.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,419.7 1,383.1 1,370.3 1,370.0 1,422 1,400 1,391 1,387 1,374 1,375 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 1,851.3 1,768.5 1,756.8 1,752.4 1,846 1,790 1,781 1,770 1,757 1,749 Computer and office equipment..... 314.2 286.8 282.4 281.6 315 293 291 287 283 282 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,449.5 1,356.8 1,343.6 1,339.4 1,445 1,368 1,360 1,355 1,343 1,339 Electronic components and accessories.................... 570.2 528.3 523.3 519.8 566 536 532 528 523 519 Transportation equipment............ 1,672.8 1,633.1 1,634.3 1,632.8 1,674 1,648 1,638 1,640 1,645 1,639 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 915.2 899.7 903.0 904.1 915 909 900 911 905 905 Aircraft and parts................ 417.2 388.5 385.9 383.8 419 392 392 389 388 386 Instruments and related products.... 810.6 790.9 786.2 784.4 813 792 790 792 788 787 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 368.9 364.8 364.9 364.2 370 374 369 369 367 366 Nondurable goods..................... 6,804 6,715 6,703 6,698 6,846 6,780 6,755 6,758 6,751 6,744 Production workers................ 4,611 4,548 4,542 4,534 4,639 4,601 4,585 4,589 4,584 4,571 Food and kindred products........... 1,655.3 1,673.3 1,665.0 1,661.2 1,685 1,687 1,689 1,695 1,694 1,693 Tobacco products.................... 32.9 35.4 33.7 32.7 34 36 36 34 34 34 Textile mill products............... 438.0 418.4 416.1 413.2 440 422 422 420 419 415 Apparel and other textile products.. 527.9 497.7 499.0 501.8 527 509 507 504 504 502 Paper and allied products........... 617.1 605.2 601.8 600.3 620 613 607 606 604 602 Printing and publishing............. 1,416.9 1,394.5 1,395.1 1,396.6 1,419 1,400 1,393 1,395 1,397 1,400 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,009.2 1,001.8 1,003.4 1,001.8 1,010 1,007 1,007 1,006 1,005 1,003 Petroleum and coal products......... 123.0 120.5 121.3 122.1 126 126 125 125 125 125 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 927.3 915.4 916.0 916.6 929 925 916 919 918 918 Leather and leather products........ 56.2 52.9 51.4 51.8 56 55 53 54 51 52 Service-producing....................... 106,357 105,791 106,190 106,597 106,726 107,186 107,119 107,310 107,054 106,960 Transportation and public utilities... 6,767 6,626 6,583 6,586 6,814 6,721 6,686 6,694 6,653 6,640 Transportation...................... 4,292 4,242 4,215 4,215 4,330 4,300 4,273 4,301 4,275 4,261 Railroad transportation........... 231.8 222.3 222.8 223.2 233 225 225 224 224 224 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 491.3 474.6 476.6 477.0 478 467 466 465 466 463 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,791.2 1,787.1 1,773.8 1,780.1 1,819 1,829 1,827 1,825 1,811 1,812 Water transportation.............. 177.0 177.8 177.8 177.1 186 192 191 191 190 187 Transportation by air............. 1,159.9 1,149.8 1,134.1 1,127.9 1,172 1,151 1,127 1,158 1,150 1,144 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.9 15.4 15.7 15.6 15 15 15 15 16 16 Transportation services........... 426.0 415.4 414.1 413.7 427 421 422 423 418 415 Communications and public utilities. 2,475 2,384 2,368 2,371 2,484 2,421 2,413 2,393 2,378 2,379 Communications.................... 1,638.9 1,552.8 1,542.4 1,542.0 1,643 1,583 1,576 1,559 1,547 1,546 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 835.9 831.0 825.9 828.9 841 838 837 834 831 833 Wholesale trade....................... 6,646 6,589 6,587 6,602 6,681 6,643 6,637 6,639 6,640 6,640 Durable goods....................... 3,897 3,855 3,849 3,852 3,912 3,885 3,880 3,876 3,873 3,871 Nondurable goods.................... 2,749 2,734 2,738 2,750 2,769 2,758 2,757 2,763 2,767 2,769 Retail trade.......................... 22,897 22,839 22,610 22,675 23,332 23,247 23,152 23,271 23,154 23,111 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 1,019.0 1,021.4 1,015.3 1,038.6 1,053 1,078 1,077 1,083 1,077 1,074 General merchandise stores.......... 2,804.6 2,829.3 2,764.2 2,767.8 2,901 2,828 2,821 2,831 2,860 2,858 Department stores................. 2,475.2 2,487.8 2,428.0 2,432.0 2,560 2,491 2,488 2,498 2,525 2,512 Food stores......................... 3,350.3 3,362.6 3,331.1 3,315.2 3,392 3,382 3,365 3,370 3,363 3,362 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,404.3 2,388.7 2,384.2 2,390.7 2,426 2,430 2,420 2,416 2,413 2,413 New and used car dealers.......... 1,126.6 1,112.4 1,112.1 1,112.6 1,131 1,128 1,123 1,118 1,117 1,116 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,137.8 1,173.0 1,116.2 1,121.2 1,175 1,172 1,174 1,174 1,156 1,158 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,135.6 1,176.3 1,150.8 1,142.2 1,143 1,165 1,175 1,166 1,153 1,150 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,020.7 7,799.1 7,800.4 7,876.5 8,154 8,129 8,063 8,146 8,048 8,010 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 3,025.1 3,088.1 3,047.3 3,023.1 3,088 3,063 3,057 3,085 3,084 3,086 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,700 7,777 7,785 7,803 7,740 7,807 7,816 7,817 7,826 7,838 Finance............................. 3,802 3,865 3,870 3,877 3,809 3,854 3,861 3,869 3,875 3,883 Depository institutions........... 2,070.0 2,083.3 2,079.2 2,084.3 2,074 2,082 2,079 2,083 2,083 2,087 Commercial banks................ 1,442.5 1,452.8 1,448.7 1,451.1 1,447 1,451 1,449 1,453 1,452 1,455 Savings institutions............ 264.2 261.5 261.6 262.7 264 261 261 260 262 262 Nondepository institutions........ 753.2 817.8 825.7 827.1 753 801 809 816 823 826 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 356.0 413.8 421.7 425.0 357 400 408 415 423 426 Security and commodity brokers.... 718.4 706.5 706.0 704.2 722 709 709 711 711 708 Holding and other investment offices........................ 260.6 257.7 258.9 261.8 260 262 264 259 258 262 Insurance........................... 2,373 2,372 2,375 2,379 2,375 2,373 2,375 2,378 2,379 2,379 Insurance carriers................ 1,589.3 1,579.3 1,581.4 1,585.3 1,591 1,578 1,578 1,582 1,584 1,585 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 783.8 792.7 794.0 794.1 784 795 797 796 795 794 Real estate......................... 1,525 1,540 1,540 1,547 1,556 1,580 1,580 1,570 1,572 1,576 Services2............................. 40,738 40,680 40,933 41,157 40,963 41,404 41,469 41,522 41,401 41,391 Agricultural services............... 783.0 760.4 755.5 779.2 872 880 880 882 879 864 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,740.3 1,696.3 1,702.1 1,714.8 1,811 1,792 1,807 1,811 1,795 1,783 Personal services................... 1,357.1 1,331.3 1,348.7 1,342.9 1,289 1,283 1,292 1,281 1,275 1,273 Business services................... 9,120.3 9,077.2 9,068.0 9,120.0 9,237 9,309 9,311 9,292 9,264 9,255 Services to buildings............. 1,012.1 1,029.0 1,025.4 1,032.7 1,021 1,045 1,044 1,044 1,039 1,042 Personnel supply services......... 3,012.9 2,976.0 2,976.1 3,018.3 3,107 3,152 3,175 3,173 3,159 3,134 Help supply services............ 2,705.9 2,675.0 2,677.6 2,714.5 2,795 2,838 2,866 2,871 2,871 2,823 Computer and data processing services....................... 2,205.0 2,187.1 2,184.4 2,175.6 2,198 2,195 2,187 2,183 2,181 2,171 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,258.5 1,263.1 1,260.0 1,267.6 1,260 1,263 1,268 1,274 1,263 1,269 Miscellaneous repair services....... 374.3 374.1 370.7 368.6 377 378 376 378 374 371 Motion pictures..................... 572.9 578.8 578.6 577.0 572 590 583 581 582 578 Amusement and recreation services... 1,488.2 1,433.9 1,436.9 1,464.5 1,635 1,630 1,653 1,659 1,635 1,614 Health services..................... 10588.4 10778.2 10780.4 10813.2 10,602 10,777 10,787 10,805 10,805 10,827 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 2,041.5 2,085.4 2,085.6 2,089.9 2,046 2,088 2,092 2,089 2,091 2,095 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,876.5 1,900.2 1,896.5 1,900.0 1,879 1,905 1,904 1,905 1,902 1,902 Hospitals......................... 4,189.4 4,272.8 4,281.2 4,292.6 4,193 4,267 4,269 4,278 4,287 4,296 Home health care services......... 642.5 655.9 655.1 664.0 643 656 657 658 659 664 Legal services...................... 1,049.9 1,081.7 1,083.5 1,085.1 1,056 1,079 1,081 1,087 1,091 1,092 Educational services................ 2,639.8 2,526.5 2,719.7 2,744.4 2,489 2,574 2,582 2,611 2,577 2,589 Social services..................... 3,172.4 3,207.7 3,220.8 3,241.5 3,162 3,208 3,209 3,222 3,217 3,228 Child day care services........... 740.6 738.6 740.6 748.1 723 728 725 730 728 731 Residential care.................. 897.7 908.8 911.5 917.1 902 912 915 912 915 919 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 102.5 97.9 97.1 99.1 109 107 106 107 107 105 Membership organizations............ 2,460.1 2,440.5 2,453.3 2,463.2 2,470 2,478 2,476 2,475 2,474 2,475 Engineering and management services. 3,640.2 3,643.9 3,670.0 3,688.6 3,631 3,667 3,669 3,668 3,674 3,679 Engineering and architectural services....................... 1,032.9 1,012.8 1,007.9 1,006.8 1,044 1,028 1,028 1,022 1,021 1,017 Management and public relations... 1,187.1 1,223.9 1,225.6 1,234.1 1,191 1,228 1,232 1,235 1,234 1,239 Services, nec....................... 46.3 44.2 44.1 43.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 21,609 21,280 21,692 21,774 21,196 21,364 21,359 21,367 21,380 21,340 Federal............................. 2,601 2,642 2,648 2,651 2,611 2,661 2,664 2,665 2,661 2,659 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,775.1 1,839.9 1,847.9 1,851.6 1,782 1,853 1,856 1,855 1,858 1,857 State............................... 5,073 4,860 5,061 5,089 4,940 4,961 4,953 4,930 4,957 4,953 Education......................... 2,283.3 2,096.8 2,291.3 2,318.9 2,133 2,165 2,166 2,144 2,168 2,167 Other State government............ 2,789.6 2,763.4 2,770.1 2,769.9 2,807 2,796 2,787 2,786 2,789 2,786 Local............................... 13,935 13,778 13,983 14,034 13,645 13,742 13,742 13,772 13,762 13,728 Education......................... 8,169.3 7,986.9 8,186.7 8,223.4 7,767 7,820 7,813 7,842 7,836 7,806 Other local government............ 5,765.4 5,791.3 5,795.8 5,811.0 5,878 5,922 5,929 5,930 5,926 5,922 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003p 2003p Total private.................... 33.9 33.7 34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.1 34.3 34.1 34.3 Goods-producing......................... 40.2 39.9 39.4 40.0 40.5 39.9 40.2 40.5 39.8 40.3 Mining................................ 42.7 42.0 42.0 42.3 43.3 43.1 42.1 42.8 42.7 42.8 Construction.......................... 38.4 38.0 36.6 38.5 39.1 38.2 38.4 39.4 37.4 39.1 Manufacturing......................... 40.9 40.6 40.4 40.6 41.0 40.6 40.9 40.9 40.8 40.8 Overtime hours.................... 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 Durable goods........................ 41.3 41.0 40.9 41.0 41.3 41.0 41.3 41.4 41.3 41.1 Overtime hours.................... 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 Lumber and wood products............ 40.8 40.1 40.2 40.7 41.1 40.6 41.2 41.1 40.9 41.0 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.5 39.8 39.5 39.5 40.6 39.5 40.7 40.3 39.8 39.5 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 42.7 42.1 41.9 42.8 43.6 42.9 43.1 43.5 43.1 43.7 Primary metal industries............ 44.1 44.3 44.5 44.9 44.4 44.3 44.7 44.3 44.9 45.1 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 45.2 44.7 44.7 45.5 45.5 45.4 46.5 44.8 45.1 45.7 Fabricated metal products........... 41.6 41.3 41.0 40.9 41.7 41.3 41.2 41.6 41.4 41.0 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 40.7 40.9 41.2 41.2 40.5 40.3 40.6 41.0 41.3 41.0 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 39.4 38.5 38.7 38.7 39.4 38.7 39.0 38.5 38.9 38.7 Transportation equipment............ 42.5 42.7 41.9 41.7 42.4 42.2 42.5 43.1 42.3 41.6 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 44.0 44.4 43.2 42.9 43.9 44.0 44.4 45.2 43.6 42.8 Instruments and related products.... 40.8 40.5 40.5 40.8 40.6 40.6 40.9 40.7 40.5 40.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.0 38.2 37.9 38.8 38.8 38.5 38.8 38.9 38.1 38.5 Nondurable goods..................... 40.2 39.9 39.8 40.1 40.4 40.1 40.4 40.1 40.2 40.3 Overtime hours.................... 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 Food and kindred products........... 40.7 40.4 39.8 40.4 41.4 41.0 41.4 40.8 40.6 41.1 Tobacco products.................... 40.6 40.1 40.0 39.7 41.2 39.6 39.5 40.6 41.2 40.3 Textile mill products............... 41.5 40.4 40.4 40.5 41.4 40.9 41.2 40.5 40.7 40.4 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.5 36.2 36.4 36.5 37.4 36.6 36.7 36.6 36.5 36.4 Paper and allied products........... 41.3 41.8 41.6 41.6 41.5 41.5 41.8 41.8 42.2 41.9 Printing and publishing............. 37.6 37.6 37.8 38.0 37.5 37.1 37.7 38.0 38.2 37.9 Chemicals and allied products....... 41.9 41.8 42.2 42.4 42.0 42.2 42.1 41.8 42.4 42.5 Petroleum and coal products......... 41.1 42.1 42.6 43.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.1 40.4 40.2 40.5 41.1 40.7 40.8 40.6 40.4 40.5 Leather and leather products........ 37.2 36.6 36.8 37.0 37.3 37.0 37.1 37.0 37.0 37.1 Service-producing....................... 32.5 32.4 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.9 Transportation and public utilities... 37.9 37.8 38.2 38.3 38.2 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.3 38.6 Wholesale trade....................... 38.1 38.0 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.4 38.4 Retail trade.......................... 28.7 28.4 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.2 29.3 29.1 29.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.9 36.0 37.1 37.0 36.2 36.2 36.0 36.3 36.4 36.6 Services.............................. 32.5 32.3 32.8 32.8 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2003 2003p 2003p Total private.................... $14.67 $15.07 $15.16 $15.16 $497.31 $507.86 $515.44 $518.47 Seasonally adjusted............. 14.64 14.99 15.08 15.10 500.69 514.16 514.23 517.93 Goods-producing......................... 16.19 16.58 16.55 16.65 650.84 661.54 652.07 666.00 Mining................................ 17.73 18.04 18.22 18.40 757.07 757.68 765.24 778.32 Construction.......................... 18.66 19.03 19.04 19.09 716.54 723.14 696.86 734.97 Manufacturing......................... 15.16 15.55 15.55 15.59 620.04 631.33 628.22 632.95 Durable goods........................ 15.63 16.06 16.04 16.07 645.52 658.46 656.04 658.87 Lumber and wood products............ 12.35 12.61 12.68 12.66 503.88 505.66 509.74 515.26 Furniture and fixtures.............. 12.57 12.78 12.81 12.82 509.09 508.64 506.00 506.39 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 15.12 15.76 15.65 15.75 645.62 663.50 655.74 674.10 Primary metal industries............ 17.20 17.67 17.65 17.59 758.52 782.78 785.43 789.79 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 20.66 21.26 21.26 21.06 933.83 950.32 950.32 958.23 Fabricated metal products........... 14.60 14.97 14.96 15.03 607.36 618.26 613.36 614.73 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 16.31 16.66 16.66 16.70 663.82 681.39 686.39 688.04 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 14.93 15.11 15.22 15.27 588.24 581.74 589.01 590.95 Transportation equipment............ 19.65 20.37 20.24 20.30 835.13 869.80 848.06 846.51 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 20.09 21.11 20.85 20.98 883.96 937.28 900.72 900.04 Instruments and related products.... 15.12 15.51 15.52 15.58 616.90 628.16 628.56 635.66 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 12.39 12.52 12.49 12.57 483.21 478.26 473.37 487.72 Nondurable goods..................... 14.46 14.82 14.85 14.90 581.29 591.32 591.03 597.49 Food and kindred products........... 13.10 13.32 13.29 13.36 533.17 538.13 528.94 539.74 Tobacco products.................... 22.47 21.09 21.72 22.63 912.28 845.71 868.80 898.41 Textile mill products............... 11.65 11.91 11.85 11.83 483.48 481.16 478.74 479.12 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.82 10.06 9.94 10.01 368.25 364.17 361.82 365.37 Paper and allied products........... 17.25 17.74 17.76 17.78 712.43 741.53 738.82 739.65 Printing and publishing............. 15.12 15.37 15.47 15.53 568.51 577.91 584.77 590.14 Chemicals and allied products....... 18.93 19.45 19.50 19.59 793.17 813.01 822.90 830.62 Petroleum and coal products......... 22.39 22.58 22.95 22.90 920.23 950.62 977.67 989.28 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 13.61 14.00 14.02 14.05 559.37 565.60 563.60 569.03 Leather and leather products........ 10.40 10.41 10.37 10.30 386.88 381.01 381.62 381.10 Service-producing....................... 14.24 14.65 14.79 14.76 462.80 474.66 486.59 485.60 Transportation and public utilities... 17.19 17.50 17.64 17.60 651.50 661.50 673.85 674.08 Wholesale trade....................... 16.13 16.40 16.53 16.49 614.55 623.20 636.41 634.87 Retail trade.......................... 9.98 10.23 10.26 10.24 286.43 290.53 296.51 296.96 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 16.17 16.78 16.95 16.96 580.50 604.08 628.85 627.52 Services.............................. 15.16 15.65 15.81 15.79 492.70 505.50 518.57 517.91 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. change Industry 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003p 2003p from: Feb. 2003- Mar. 2003 Total private: Current dollars.............. $14.64 $14.94 $14.98 $14.99 $15.08 $15.10 0.1 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 8.13 8.16 8.18 8.16 8.15 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 16.29 16.54 16.61 16.64 16.67 16.74 .4 Mining...................... 17.72 17.89 17.78 17.91 18.18 18.37 1.0 Construction................ 18.74 19.00 19.14 19.04 19.16 19.16 .0 Manufacturing............... 15.19 15.44 15.48 15.53 15.57 15.62 .3 Excluding overtime4....... 14.45 14.71 14.72 14.79 14.84 14.88 .3 Service-producing............. 14.18 14.50 14.53 14.53 14.65 14.65 .0 Transportation and public utilities................ 17.21 17.51 17.45 17.44 17.59 17.62 .2 Wholesale trade............. 16.23 16.32 16.37 16.36 16.50 16.47 -.2 Retail trade................ 9.95 10.14 10.18 10.15 10.22 10.21 -.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 16.14 16.71 16.73 16.77 16.78 16.80 .1 Services.................... 15.08 15.46 15.49 15.51 15.65 15.66 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from January 2003 to February 2003, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. Jan. Feb. Mar. Mar. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2002 2002 2003 2003p 2003p Total private.................... 145.1 143.0 144.1 145.6 148.0 147.9 147.7 148.5 147.1 147.6 Goods-producing......................... 102.6 99.3 97.5 99.6 105.5 103.0 103.3 104.1 101.8 102.8 Mining................................ 52.1 49.6 49.8 50.6 54.0 52.3 51.3 52.0 52.4 52.4 Construction.......................... 164.1 159.4 151.2 162.2 178.1 174.4 175.4 179.5 168.7 176.4 Manufacturing......................... 92.5 89.5 88.9 89.2 93.0 90.8 91.0 91.1 90.5 90.0 Durable goods........................ 95.2 91.6 90.7 90.9 95.5 92.7 92.8 93.3 92.1 91.4 Lumber and wood products............ 130.7 127.6 127.1 127.6 134.7 131.8 133.5 133.6 132.3 131.6 Furniture and fixtures.............. 123.2 116.7 115.2 115.1 123.2 118.9 120.9 119.1 116.7 114.9 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 108.9 105.0 105.0 107.8 113.1 112.3 112.0 113.1 111.8 112.3 Primary metal industries............ 76.3 74.6 74.3 75.2 76.7 75.1 75.4 74.9 75.2 75.9 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 57.8 57.2 56.6 57.7 58.4 57.9 59.3 57.5 57.5 58.7 Fabricated metal products........... 108.8 105.3 103.6 103.4 109.2 106.5 105.7 106.3 104.8 104.0 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 83.9 80.4 80.3 80.2 83.1 80.2 80.1 80.6 80.5 79.5 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 83.4 75.6 75.0 74.6 83.1 76.4 76.5 75.5 75.3 74.5 Transportation equipment............ 106.0 104.5 102.5 102.1 105.5 103.7 104.0 107.1 104.2 102.1 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 143.9 142.6 139.3 138.2 143.0 142.3 142.5 147.5 140.8 137.8 Instruments and related products.... 68.8 66.3 65.8 65.9 68.6 66.7 66.6 66.6 65.8 65.6 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 90.3 87.0 86.2 88.4 90.2 90.6 89.8 90.1 87.5 88.4 Nondurable goods..................... 88.7 86.7 86.4 86.8 89.6 88.2 88.5 88.0 88.1 88.0 Food and kindred products........... 111.5 112.2 110.1 111.2 115.5 114.9 116.3 115.1 114.4 115.8 Tobacco products.................... 48.8 53.0 49.9 47.0 51.0 52.9 50.9 50.3 51.0 49.9 Textile mill products............... 62.5 58.2 57.6 57.4 62.4 59.5 59.9 59.1 58.7 57.6 Apparel and other textile products.. 44.6 40.6 41.1 41.3 44.1 42.1 41.9 41.7 41.7 41.2 Paper and allied products........... 94.5 93.1 92.5 92.1 95.5 94.1 93.5 93.1 94.2 93.2 Printing and publishing............. 106.9 104.9 105.7 106.1 106.8 104.3 105.4 106.3 107.3 106.4 Chemicals and allied products....... 94.5 93.5 94.6 95.2 94.4 94.7 94.6 93.9 94.9 95.2 Petroleum and coal products......... 68.8 68.9 70.3 71.9 70.9 71.2 70.5 71.6 73.5 73.9 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 133.6 129.2 128.9 129.7 133.8 131.6 131.0 130.6 129.9 129.9 Leather and leather products........ 23.7 22.4 21.7 21.9 23.5 23.9 23.4 22.7 21.6 21.7 Service-producing....................... 164.3 162.6 165.1 166.2 167.1 168.0 167.6 168.4 167.4 167.7 Transportation and public utilities... 130.3 126.9 127.1 127.6 132.3 131.1 130.0 129.9 129.0 129.8 Wholesale trade....................... 124.1 122.7 124.3 124.6 125.9 125.6 125.6 125.1 125.1 125.3 Retail trade.......................... 142.3 140.0 141.0 142.3 147.3 146.9 146.3 147.6 145.9 146.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.7 141.0 145.4 145.5 140.7 142.8 141.9 143.2 143.8 144.7 Services.............................. 209.1 207.3 211.5 213.1 211.3 213.8 213.6 214.7 213.4 213.7 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1999.............. 55.3 58.6 53.6 58.4 55.5 57.8 57.1 54.8 57.1 57.2 60.4 58.1 2000.............. 55.9 57.5 57.9 51.2 50.1 55.8 57.8 51.4 52.4 52.4 53.2 52.7 2001.............. 49.4 45.7 50.3 42.4 47.3 43.2 44.5 42.5 42.4 40.5 39.3 44.1 2002.............. 47.3 41.4 49.7 47.8 50.9 49.4 48.6 48.8 49.3 48.3 45.8 44.4 2003.............. 49.4 p39.2 p47.1 Over 3-month span: 1999.............. 59.2 57.6 59.5 55.2 60.2 57.2 59.4 59.2 59.7 58.9 61.2 60.7 2000.............. 60.4 61.4 58.4 53.2 52.4 55.5 56.6 56.2 51.2 51.0 53.2 51.6 2001.............. 45.5 46.1 40.8 43.4 37.8 43.2 39.3 38.0 35.3 33.7 36.3 38.9 2002.............. 40.1 43.2 42.5 46.5 48.0 50.1 47.1 45.1 47.3 45.1 43.1 45.0 2003.............. p39.9 p38.9 Over 6-month span: 1999.............. 60.2 58.9 58.5 59.7 57.2 60.8 61.2 62.5 62.7 61.8 61.2 62.8 2000.............. 61.1 59.4 58.1 57.9 54.2 52.4 52.9 54.2 52.4 48.7 45.7 46.5 2001.............. 44.7 42.7 39.5 40.1 40.8 35.6 37.0 32.4 34.3 33.1 34.1 35.6 2002.............. 37.0 41.6 43.4 44.4 46.5 46.0 46.5 43.1 40.8 43.1 p37.9 p37.0 2003.............. Over 12-month span: 1999.............. 61.2 60.1 58.2 61.0 60.7 61.5 62.2 61.1 63.8 62.2 59.7 60.5 2000.............. 61.4 59.9 58.8 56.2 55.3 53.6 53.0 51.0 47.7 45.2 44.5 42.9 2001.............. 41.5 41.5 38.9 37.5 37.3 36.2 34.1 33.6 34.4 33.9 33.3 34.0 2002.............. 35.2 36.0 37.3 38.3 40.5 39.9 40.1 p37.6 p39.0 2003.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1999.............. 47.4 41.2 42.6 46.0 46.3 43.4 50.0 42.6 46.0 45.6 51.5 49.3 2000.............. 44.9 52.2 49.3 46.0 49.3 50.7 57.4 36.8 39.0 42.3 47.1 40.8 2001.............. 34.9 26.8 38.2 29.0 28.3 30.5 34.9 25.7 31.6 31.3 25.0 30.9 2002.............. 35.3 37.9 40.4 47.4 47.1 40.4 48.9 41.9 40.1 40.4 40.1 37.1 2003.............. 47.1 p36.8 p38.6 Over 3-month span: 1999.............. 39.3 39.3 39.7 40.1 41.2 43.8 44.1 46.3 42.3 44.1 47.8 45.2 2000.............. 48.2 48.9 48.9 44.5 46.7 52.2 46.0 38.6 29.0 34.2 39.0 36.0 2001.............. 21.3 21.3 18.4 23.5 19.9 23.2 17.3 19.1 16.2 18.0 18.4 18.0 2002.............. 24.6 30.1 37.1 38.6 40.1 41.2 38.6 34.6 32.4 32.0 28.3 32.0 2003.............. p28.7 p30.9 Over 6-month span: 1999.............. 36.4 36.0 37.5 40.4 37.5 42.3 43.0 44.5 48.2 43.0 44.5 47.4 2000.............. 47.8 45.2 44.5 50.0 41.9 37.9 36.0 35.3 32.4 26.1 21.3 21.7 2001.............. 20.2 16.9 14.0 16.2 16.5 13.2 14.7 11.8 14.0 13.2 17.6 16.5 2002.............. 19.9 26.8 29.8 38.2 36.4 34.2 31.6 26.8 24.6 26.8 p23.9 p21.7 2003.............. Over 12-month span: 1999.............. 38.6 34.6 32.4 36.0 37.9 39.0 40.1 40.4 44.5 44.5 43.4 44.5 2000.............. 49.3 44.1 39.3 36.8 35.3 34.2 33.8 28.7 22.1 19.1 17.6 14.0 2001.............. 13.6 13.6 13.6 15.4 12.1 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.9 12.9 14.0 13.6 2002.............. 18.0 18.0 20.2 20.2 24.6 22.1 25.0 p22.1 p22.8 2003.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.