The 25 Chemicals Found in All Nine of the Biosolids Studied
Median concentrations are normalized to organic carbon and are given in micrograms per kilogram of organic carbon (mg/kg OC)
Chemical Measured |
Type of Chemical or Use |
Median Concentration
mg/kg OC |
carbamazapine |
antiepileptic drug |
68 |
diphenhydramine |
antihistamine drug |
340 |
fluoxetine |
antidepressant drug |
370 |
d-limonene |
fragrance compound |
630 |
tonalide (AHTN) |
fragrance compound |
11,600 |
galaxolide (HHCB) |
fragrance compound |
3,900 |
indole |
fragrance compound |
19,600 |
4-tert-octylphenol |
detergent metabolite |
4,030 |
para-nonylphenol-total |
detergent metabolite |
261,000 |
nonylphenol, monoethoxy-total |
detergent metabolite |
21,600 |
nonylphenol, dithoxy-total |
detergent metabolite |
7,010 |
bisphenol A |
fire retardant |
4,690 |
3-beta-coprostanol |
steroid |
126,000 |
cholesterol |
steroid |
209,000 |
beta-sitosterol |
steroid |
131,000 |
stigmastanol |
steroid |
17,400 |
phenanthrene |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
342 |
anthracene |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
139 |
fluoranthene |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
1,090 |
pyrene |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
1,110 |
phenol |
disinfectant chemical |
2,180 |
triclosan |
disinfectant chemical |
10,200 |
diethylhexyl phthalate |
plasticizer |
10,500 |
para-cresol |
preservative |
4,400 |
skatol |
fecal indicator |
2,510 |
Reference
Kinney, C.A., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Burkhardt, M.R., Werner, S.L., Cahill, J.D., and Jorgensen, G.R., 2006, Survey of organic wastewater contaminants in biosolids destined for land application: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, no. 23, p. 7207-7215, doi:10.1021/es0603406.
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