| Overview |
| Figure O-1 |
Estimated worldwide R&D expenditures: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-2 |
Government funds as share of gross expenditures for R&D:
1990–2004 |
| Figure O-3 |
R&D expenditures of foreign-owned firms in United States
and of U.S.-owned firms abroad: 1990–2002 |
| Figure O-4 |
New international technology alliances by membership: 1980–2003 |
| Figure O-5 |
Geographic distribution of U.S. firms' overseas R&D: 1994–2002 |
| Figure O-6 |
R&D expenditures of selected region and countries: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-7 |
China's R&D expenditures relative to those of United States,
Japan, and EU-25: 1991–2003 |
| Figure O-8 |
Estimated number of industrial researchers, by country/region:
1981–2002 |
| Figure O-9 |
Location of world's high-technology manufacturing output: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-10 |
High-technology share of total manufacturing, by country/region:
1990–2003 |
| Figure O-11 |
Export market shares in high-technology goods, by country/region:
1990–2003 |
| Figure O-12 |
U.S. trade balance for five high-technology industries: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-13 |
U.S. trade balance in high-technology goods: 2000–04 |
| Figure O-14 |
U.S. patent applications by foreign-resident inventors: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-15 |
Academic R&D expenditures: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-16 |
Academic R&D as share of total R&D, by country/economy:
Most recent year |
| Figure O-17 |
Scientific and technical articles, by country/region: 1988–2003 |
| Figure O-18 |
Share of U.S. articles among most-cited articles, total S&E:
1992–2003 |
| Figure O-19 |
Share of scientific and technical articles with international
coauthorship, by country/region: 1988, 1996, and 2003 |
| Figure O-20 |
Portfolio of scientific and technical articles, by field and
country/region: 2003 |
| Figure O-21 |
Population 15 years old or older with tertiary education by
country/region: 1980 and 2000 |
| Figure O-22 |
First university degrees, by region: 1997 and 2002 |
| Figure O-23 |
First university degrees in NS&E as share of total first
university degrees: 1997 and 2002 |
| Figure O-24 |
NS&E degrees per 100 24-year-olds, Most recent year |
| Figure O-25 |
S&E doctorates awarded, by country/region: Most recent
year |
| Figure O-26 |
Foreign higher education students in all fields, by country:
2002 |
| Figure O-27 |
Individuals with higher education living abroad, by country/region
of origin: 1990 and 2000 |
| Figure O-28 |
Average annual growth of U.S. labor force, S&E occupations,
and S&E degrees: 1960–2000 |
| Figure O-29 |
Share of foreign-born scientists and engineers in U.S. S&E
occupations, by degree level: 1990 and 2000 |
| Figure O-30 |
S&E doctorates conferred by citizenship status and race/ethnicity:
1990–2003 |
| Figure O-31 |
Foreign student plans to stay in United States after receipt
of U.S. S&E doctorate: 1983–2003 |
| Figure O-32 |
Origin of foreigners earning U.S. S&E doctorates: 1983–2003 |
| Figure O-33 |
Student, exchange visitor, and other high-skill-related temporary
visas issued: 1998–2005 |
| Figure O-34 |
Change in first-time full-time graduate enrollment in S&E,
by citizenship status: 2001–03 |
| Figure O-35 |
Individuals in U.S. S&E labor force nearing retirement
age, by degree level: 2003 |
| Figure O-36 |
U.S. S&E bachelor's degrees earned by women and minorities:
1990, 1995, and 2001 |
| Figure O-37 |
Composition of U.S. college-age cohort: 1990–2020 |
| Figure O-38 |
Average science literacy score of 15-year-old students, by
country: 2003 |
| Figure O-39 |
Expenditures for academic R&D by source of funds: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-40 |
Expenditures for academic research equipment as share of total
academic R&D expenditures: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-41 |
Faculty and tenure-track status of academic S&E doctorate
holders 4-7 years after receipt of doctorate: 1989–2003 |
| Figure O-42 |
Composition of academic doctoral S&E workforce by race/ethnicity,
sex, and citizenship at degree conferral: 1989–2003 |
| Figure O-43 |
Academic S&E doctorate holders receiving federal support
for research: 1989 and 2003 |
| Figure O-44 |
R&D expenditures by source of funds: 1990–2004 |
| Figure O-45 |
Contracted-out U.S. industrial R&D: 1993–2003 |
| Figure O-46 |
New strategic technology alliances involving U.S. firms: 1990–2003 |
| Figure O-47 |
Federal Small Business Innovation Research funds, by phase:
1990–2003 |
| Figure O-48 |
Venture capital disbursements, by stage of financing: 1994–2004 |
 Top of page |
| Chapter 1: Elementary and Secondary Education |
| Figure 1-1 |
First-time kindergartners demonstrating specific
mathematics skills and knowledge: Fall 1998 and spring 1999 |
| Figure 1-2 |
Mathematics proficiency gaps between whites or Asians/Pacific
Islanders and blacks or Hispanics among first-time kindergartners,
by skill area: Fall 1998 and spring 1999 |
| Figure 1-3 |
Average mathematics scores of fall 1998 first-time kindergartners
from fall 1998 to spring 2002, by race/ethnicity and number of
family risk factors: 1998–2000, 2002 |
| Figure 1-4 |
Average mathematics score of students in grades 4, 8, and 12:
Selected years, 1990–2003 |
| Figure 1–5 |
Students performing at or above proficient level for their
grade, by grade: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 1-6 |
Students performing at or above proficient level for their
grade, by sex: 2000 and 2003 |
| Figure 1-7 |
Students performing at or above proficient level for their
grade, by race/ethnicity: 2000 and 2003 |
| Figure 1-8 |
Students performing at or above proficient level for their
grade, by eligibility for subsidized lunches: 2000 and 2003 |
| Figure 1-9 |
High school graduates who attended schools offering advanced
mathematics and science courses: 1990 and 2000 |
| Figure 1-10 |
High school graduates who attended schools offering advanced
mathematics courses, by community type and school size: 2000 |
| Figure 1-11 |
High school graduates who attended schools offering advanced
science courses, by community type and school size: 2000 |
| Figure 1-12 |
High school graduates who completed advanced mathematics and
science courses: 1990 and 2000 |
| Figure 1-13 |
High school graduates who completed advanced mathematics courses,
by school poverty rate and race/ethnicity: 2000 |
| Figure 1-14 |
Selected high school academic characteristics of 1992 12th
graders who earned bachelor's degree by 2000, by current or most
recent occupation: 2000 |
| Figure 1-15 |
States with various professional development policies for teachers:
2002 or 2004 |
| Figure 1-16 |
Average salaries of U.S. public school K–12 and beginning teachers:
Selected years, 1972–2002 |
| Figure 1-17 |
Annual statutory salaries of public school teachers at beginning,
after 15 years of experience, and at top of scale for United
States and OECD country average, by school level: 2002 |
| Figure 1-18 |
Public school teachers who left teaching or moved to a different
school: Selected school years |
| Figure 1-19 |
Main occupational status of public school teachers who left
teaching profession: 2000–01 |
| Figure 1-20 |
K–12 students who had computer and Internet access at home,
by family income: 2003 |
| Figure 1-21 |
K–12 students who had computer and Internet access at home,
by race/ethnicity: 2003 |
| Figure 1-22 |
K–12 students who used computers and Internet at school and
home, by race/ethnicity and family income: 2003 |
| Figure 1-23 |
Among K–12 students with access, percentage who used home computers
for schoolwork, by student characteristics: 2003 |
| Figure 1-24 |
K–12 students with access who used home computers or Internet
(from any location) for specific tasks, by grade level: 2003 |
| Figure 1-25 |
Public school teachers with IT training that mentioned or focused
on computer mechanics, integrating information technology with
instruction, and Internet use, by main teaching field: 2000–01 |
| Figure 1-26 |
Third grade teachers' agreement with statements about their
own preparation to use computers and about their school's technical
support: 2002 |
| Figure 1-27 |
Frequency of assigning non-Internet computer work to third
grade students, by teachers' confidence in their preparation
to use computers for instruction: 2002 |
| Figure 1-28 |
High school graduates enrolled in college in October after
completing high school, by institution type: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 1-29 |
High school graduates enrolled in college in October after
completing high school, by sex and institution type: Selected
years, 1973–2003 |
| Figure 1-30 |
High school graduates enrolled in college in October after
completing high school, by family income: 1975–2003 |
| Figure 1-31 |
First-time entry rates into postsecondary (tertiary) education,
United States and OECD country average, by program type: 1998
and 2001 |
| Figure 1-32 |
Freshmen enrolled in remedial courses, by subject area and
institution type: Fall 2000 |
| Figure 1-33 |
Institutions reporting average time freshmen took remedial
courses was 1 year or more, by institution type: Fall 1995 and
2000 |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 2: Higher Education in Science and Engineering |
| Figure 2-1 |
Distribution of bachelor's and higher S&E degrees
awarded by U.S. higher education institutions, by Carnegie type:
2002 |
| Figure 2-2 |
U.S. population ages 20–24 years, by race/ethnicity: Selected
years, 1985–2020 |
| Figure 2-3 |
Freshmen intending S&E major, by race/ethnicity: Selected
years, 1983–2004 |
| Figure 2-4 |
U.S. engineering enrollment, by level: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-5 |
Graduate enrollment in computer sciences and in engineering,
by citizenship and race/ethnicity: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-6 |
Female U.S. graduate S&E enrollment, by field: 1983 and
2003 |
| Figure 2-7 |
Foreign student share of U.S. first-time full-time graduate
S&E enrollment, by field: 2000 and 2003 |
| Figure 2-8 |
Full-time S&E graduate students with primary support from
federal government, by field: 2003 |
| Figure 2-9 |
Underrepresented minority share of S&E degrees, by degree
level and field: 2002 or 2003 |
| Figure 2-10 |
S&E bachelor's degrees, by field: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 2-11 |
Female share of S&E bachelor's degrees, by field: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 2-12 |
Minority share of S&E bachelor's degrees, by race/ethnicity:
1985–2002 |
| Figure 2-13 |
S&E master's degrees, by field: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 2-14 |
S&E master's degrees, by sex: 1983–2002 |
| Figure 2-15 |
S&E master's degrees, by race/ethnicity and citizenship:
1985–2002 |
| Figure 2-16 |
S&E doctoral degrees earned in U.S. universities, by field:
1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-17 |
Doctoral degrees earned by female U.S. citizens in U.S. institutions,
by field: 1983, 1993, and 2003 |
| Figure 2-18 |
U.S. S&E doctoral degrees, by sex, race/ethnicity, and
citizenship: 1975–2003 |
| Figure 2-19 |
U.S. citizen underrepresented minority S&E doctoral degrees,
by race/ethnicity: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-20 |
Foreign share of U.S. S&E degrees, by degree and field:
2002 or 2003 |
| Figure 2-21 |
U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected Asian
country/economy: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-22 |
U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients, by selected Western
European country: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-23 |
U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Europe, by region:
1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-24 |
U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients from Canada and Mexico:
1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-25 |
Plans of foreign U.S. S&E doctoral degree recipients to
stay in United States: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-26 |
Short-term stay rates of foreign U.S. S&E doctoral degree
recipients, by place of origin: 1992–95 and 2000–03 |
| Figure 2-27 |
Time from bachelor's to S&E doctoral degree, by doctoral
degree field: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 2-28 |
Postdocs at U.S. universities, by field: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-29 |
Postdocs at U.S. universities, by citizenship status: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-30 |
Foreign students enrolled in tertiary education, by country:
2002 |
| Figure 2-31 |
First university S&E degrees in Asia, Europe, and North
America, by field: 2002 |
| Figure 2-32 |
First university natural sciences and engineering degrees,
by selected countries: 1983–2002 or most recent year |
| Figure 2-33 |
S&E doctoral degrees earned in Europe, Asia, and North
America, by field: 2001 or most recent year |
| Figure 2-34 |
Natural sciences and engineering doctoral degrees, by selected
country: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 2-35 |
S&E foreign graduate student enrollment, by selected country
and field: 2003 |
| Figure 2-36 |
S&E doctoral degrees earned by foreign students, by selected
country and field: 2003 or most recent year |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 3: Science and Engineering Labor Force |
| Figure 3-1 |
Science and technology employment: 1950–2000 |
| Figure 3-2 |
Annual growth rate in science and technology employment, by
decade: 1950–90 |
| Figure 3-3 |
Annual average growth rate of degree production and occupational
employment, by S&E field: 1980–2000 |
| Figure 3-4 |
U.S. workforce in S&E occupations: 1983–2004 |
| Figure 3-5 |
Projected increase in S&E employment, by occupation: 2002–12 |
| Figure 3-6 |
Projected job openings as percentage of 2002 employment, by
occupation: 2002–12 |
| Figure 3-7 |
Inflation-adjusted change in median salary 1–5 years after
degree, by field and level of highest degree: 1993–2003 |
| Figure 3-8 |
Median salaries of degree recipients 1–5 years after degree,
by field and level of highest degree: 2003 |
| Figure 3-9 |
Median salaries for bachelor's degree holders, by years since
degree: 2003 |
| Figure 3-10 |
Employed individuals with S&E highest degrees in jobs closely
or somewhat related to highest degree: 2003 |
| Figure 3-11 |
S&E bachelor's degree holders employed in jobs closely
related to degree, by field and years since degree: 2003 |
| Figure 3-12 |
Unemployment rate, by occupation: 1983–2004 |
| Figure 3-13 |
Unemployment rates for individuals with S&E highest degrees,
by years since highest degree: 1999 and 2003 |
| Figure 3-14 |
Involuntarily out-of-field rates of individuals with S&E
highest degrees, by years since highest degree: 1999 and 2003 |
| Figure 3-15 |
Employment sector for all S&E degree holders and S&E
doctoral degree holders: 2003 |
| Figure 3-16 |
Educational distribution, by nonacademic S&E occupations:
2000 |
| Figure 3-17 |
Distribution of S&E-degreed workers with R&D as major
work activity, by level of education: 2003 |
| Figure 3-18 |
Distribution of S&E-degreed workers with R&D as major
work activity, by field of highest degree: 2003 |
| Figure 3-19 |
S&E doctorate holders engaged in R&D as major work
activity: 2003 |
| Figure 3-20 |
Individuals with bachelor's degree or higher for S&E and
selected other occupations: 1983–2004 |
| Figure 3-21 |
Salary distribution of S&E degree holders employed full
time, by degree level: 2003 |
| Figure 3-22 |
Median salaries of S&E graduates, by degree level and years
since degree: 2003 |
| Figure 3-23 |
College graduates in nonacademic S&E occupations, women,
minorities, and foreign-born: 1980, 1990, and 2000 |
| Figure 3-24 |
Age distribution of individuals in S&E occupations, by
sex: 2003 |
| Figure 3-25 |
Age distribution of doctorate holders in S&E occupations:
2003 |
| Figure 3-26 |
Women as proportion of employment in S&E occupations, by
broad occupation: 1993 and 2003 |
| Figure 3-27 |
Age distribution of individuals in S&E occupations, by
race/ethnicity: 2003 |
| Figure 3-28 |
Age distribution of S&E doctorate holders in S&E occupations,
by race/ethnicity: 2003 |
| Figure 3-29 |
Recent S&E recipients in career-path jobs within 3 months
of degree: 1999 |
| Figure 3-30 |
Status of 2001 S&E postdocs, by field: 2003 |
| Figure 3-31 |
Age distribution of labor force with S&E highest degrees:
2003 |
| Figure 3-32 |
Age distribution of individuals in the labor force whose highest
degree is S&E, by degree level: 2003 |
| Figure 3-33 |
Age distribution of S&E doctorate holders in the labor
force: 1993 and 2003 |
| Figure 3-34 |
Employed S&E degree holders older than 50, by selected
field: 2003 |
| Figure 3-35 |
Older S&E degree holders working full time: 2003 |
| Figure 3-36 |
Researchers in OECD countries: 1993, 1995, 1997, and 1999 |
| Figure 3-37 |
Tertiary-educated population more than 15 years old: 2000 |
| Figure 3-38 |
High-skilled worker visas in Japan: Selected years, 1992–2003 |
| Figure 3-39 |
Foreign-born individuals with S&E highest degree living
in United States, by place of birth:
2003 |
| Figure 3-40 |
Student, exchange, and other high-skill-related temporary visas
issued: FY 1998–2005 |
| Figure 3-41 |
Citizens having at least tertiary-level education residing
in OECD countries, by top 11 countries: 2000 |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 4: Research and Development: Funds and Technology Linkages |
| Figure 4-1 |
National R&D, by performing sector and source
of funds, 1953–2004 |
| Figure 4-2 |
Shares of national R&D expenditures, by performing sector
and source of funds: 2004 |
| Figure 4-3 |
National R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 1953–2004 |
| Figure 4-4 |
National R&D by character of work, basic research by source
of funds, and basic research by performing sector: 2004 |
| Figure 4-5 |
R&D performing sectors and source of funds, by character
of work: 2004 |
| Figure 4-6 |
R&D expenditures and R&D/gross state product ratios,
by state: 2003 |
| Figure 4-7 |
Federal intramural and FFRDC R&D expenditures, by state:
2003 |
| Figure 4-8 |
Projected federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant,
by agency and character of work: FY 2005 |
| Figure 4-9 |
Federal obligations for R&D, by performing sector: FY 1955–2005 |
| Figure 4-10 |
Difference in U.S. performer-reported and agency-reported federal
R&D:1980–2003 |
| Figure 4-11 |
Estimated federal obligations for research, by agency and major
S&E field: FY 2005 |
| Figure 4-12 |
Federal R&D budget authority, by budget function: FY 1980–2006 |
| Figure 4-13 |
Federal science and technology budget, by agency: FY 2000–06 |
| Figure 4-14 |
Federal funding concepts in budget proposal: FY 2006 |
| Figure 4-15 |
Research and experimentation tax credit claims as percentage
of industry-funded R&D expenditures: 1990–2001 |
| Figure 4-16 |
Industries with largest research and experimentation tax credit
claims and corporate tax returns claiming credit: 2001 |
| Figure 4-17 |
Manufacturing R&D expenditures contracted out in United
States and ratio to company-funded R&D performed within companies:
1993–2003 |
| Figure 4-18 |
Industrial technology alliances registered under National Cooperative
Research and Production Act: 1985–2003 |
| Figure 4-19 |
Worldwide industrial technology alliances and those with at
least one U.S.-owned company: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 4-20 |
Information technology and biotechnology shares of industrial
technology alliances: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 4-21 |
Share of industrial technology alliances involving at least
one U.S. company, by country/region of partner: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 4-22 |
Share of industrial technology alliances among non-U.S. companies,
by country/region of partner: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 4-23 |
Federal laboratory CRADAs: FY 1987–2003 |
| Figure 4-24 |
SBIR awards and funding: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 4-25 |
Market exchange rate/purchasing power parity exchange rate
ratios, selected countries/economy: 2003 |
| Figure 4-26 |
R&D expenditures and share of world total, by region: 2000 |
| Figure 4-27 |
R&D expenditures of United States and G-7 and OECD countries:
1985–2003 |
| Figure 4-28 |
Composition of gross domestic product for selected countries,
by sector: 2002 or 2003 |
| Figure 4-29 |
R&D share of gross domestic product: 1953–2004 |
| Figure 4-30 |
R&D share of gross domestic product, by selected countries:
1981–2003 |
| Figure 4-31 |
Basic research share of gross domestic product, by country/economy:
Selected years, 2000–02 |
| Figure 4-32 |
Basic research share of R&D, by country/economy: Selected
years, 2000–02 |
| Figure 4-33 |
R&D expenditures per capita, by country/region: 2000 |
| Figure 4-34 |
R&D expenditures for selected countries, by performing
sector: Selected years, 2001–03 |
| Figure 4-35 |
R&D expenditures for selected countries, by source of funds:
Selected years, 2000–03 |
| Figure 4-36 |
Total OECD R&D, by source of funds: 1981–2002 |
| Figure 4-37 |
Share of industrial R&D, by industry sector and selected
country/European Union: Selected years, 2001–03 |
| Figure 4-38 |
Industrial R&D, by information and communications technologies
sector, by selected country/European Union: Selected years, 2001–03 |
| Figure 4-39 |
OECD-wide information and communications technologies manufacturing
R&D, by selected country: 2002 |
| Figure 4-40 |
European Union industrial R&D performance: 1992–2002 |
| Figure 4-41 |
OECD industry R&D, by source of funds: 1981–2002 |
| Figure 4-42 |
Industrial R&D financed, by foreign sources: 1981–2003 |
| Figure 4-43 |
Academic R&D share of total R&D, by selected country/economy
or OECD: Selected years, 2000–03 |
| Figure 4-44 |
Academic R&D financed by industry, by selected country/OECD:
1981–2003 |
| Figure 4-45 |
Government R&D support, by socioeconomic objectives for
G-8 countries and South Korea: Selected years, 2001–04 |
| Figure 4-46 |
R&D performed by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies and
share of total U.S. industry R&D: 1997–2002 |
| Figure 4-47 |
R&D performed by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies in
U.S. by investing region and by foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational
corporations by host region: 2002 or latest year |
| Figure 4-48 |
Regional shares of R&D performed abroad by foreign affiliates
of U.S. multinational corporations: 1994–2002 |
| Figure 4-49 |
R&D by U.S. affiliates of foreign companies and foreign
affiliates of U.S. multinational corporations: 1997–2002 |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 5: Academic Research and Development |
| Figure 5-1 |
Academic R&D, basic and applied research, and
basic research as proportion of U.S. totals: 1970–2004 |
| Figure 5-2 |
Academic R&D expenditures, by character of work, and national
R&D expenditures, by performer and character of work: 2004 |
| Figure 5-3 |
Average annual R&D growth, by performing sector: 1970–2004
and 2000–2004 |
| Figure 5-4 |
Federal and nonfederal academic R&D expenditures: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-5 |
Sources of academic R&D funding: 1972–2003 |
| Figure 5-6 |
Academic R&D expenditures, by field: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-7 |
Changes in share of academic R&D in selected S&E fields:
1973–2003 and 1993–2003 |
| Figure 5-8 |
Federal agency academic research obligations, by field: FY
2003 |
| Figure 5-9 |
Major agency field shares of federal academic research obligations:
FY 2003 |
| Figure 5-10 |
Sources of academic R&D funding for public and private
institutions: 2003 |
| Figure 5-11 |
Components of institutional R&D expenditures for public
and private academic institutions: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 5-12 |
Share of academic R&D, by rank of university and college
academic R&D expenditures: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 5-13 |
University and college R&D trends: 1997–2003 |
| Figure 5-14 |
Academic institutions receiving federal R&D support, by
selected Carnegie classification: 1972–2002 |
| Figure 5-15 |
Current fund expenditures for research equipment at academic
institutions, by field: 1983–2003 |
| Figure 5-16 |
Source of funds for construction: 1986–87 to 2002–03 |
| Figure 5-17 |
Internet connection speed: 2003 and 2004 |
| Figure 5-18 |
S&E doctorate holders employed in public and private universities
and colleges: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-19 |
S&E doctorate holders, by type of academic appointment:
1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-20 |
S&E doctorate holders with recent degrees employed at research
universities and other academic institutions, by type of position:
1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-21 |
Faculty and tenure-track status of S&E doctorate holders
employed in academia 4–7 years after receiving degree: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-22 |
Age distribution of academic S&E doctorate holders employed
in faculty positions: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-23 |
Full-time faculty age 60 years and over at research universities
and other higher education institutions: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-24 |
Share of doctoral S&E faculty positions held by women,
by rank: Selected years, 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-25 |
Share of underrepresented minorities among S&E doctorate
holders employed in academia, by citizenship status and years
since degree: Selected years, 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-26 |
Share of Asians/Pacific Islanders among S&E doctorate holders
employed in academia, by citizenship status and years since degree:
Selected years, 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-27 |
Share of all whites and white men among S&E doctorate holders
employed in academia, by years since degree: Selected years,
1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-28 |
Academically employed U.S. S&E doctorate holders, by birthplace:
1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-29 |
Primary work activity of S&E doctorate holders employed
in academia: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-30 |
Primary work activity of academic S&E doctorate holders
employed in academia, by degree field: 2003 |
| Figure 5-31 |
Estimated number of doctoral researchers and graduate research
assistants in academia, by degree field: 2003 |
| Figure 5-32 |
S&E doctorate holders employed in academia, by involvement
in research: 1973–2003 |
| Figure 5-33 |
S&E doctorate holders with primary activity research whose
primary activity is basic research: Selected years, 1993–2003 |
| Figure 5-34 |
Worldwide S&E article output of selected journal sets:
1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-35 |
S&E article output, by major S&E publishing region
or country/economy: 1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-36 |
Growth in S&E article output, by major S&E publishing
region or country/economy: 1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-37 |
Growth of S&E article output, by selected country: 1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-38 |
Field distribution of S&E articles, by major S&E publishing
region or country/economy: 2003 |
| Figure 5-39 |
Distribution of S&E articles by type of authorship: 1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-40 |
Collaborating countries/economies on S&E articles: 1996
and 2003 |
| Figure 5-41 |
U.S. S&E articles, by type of authorship: 1988, 1996, and
2003 |
| Figure 5-42 |
Extent of multiple authorship on U.S. S&E articles, by
field: 2003 |
| Figure 5-43 |
Share of international S&E articles, by major S&E publishing
region or country/economy: 1988, 1996, and 2003 |
| Figure 5-44 |
Region/country/economy coauthorship share on EU-15 international
S&E articles, by selected region/grouping: 1988 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-45 |
Region/country/economy coauthorship share on Japan's international
S&E articles, by selected region/grouping: 1988 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-46 |
Region/country/economy coauthorship share on East Asia-4 international
S&E articles, by selected region/grouping: 1988 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-47 |
Foreign coauthorship on U.S. international S&E articles,
by selected region/grouping: 1988 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-48 |
Relation of foreign-born U.S. doctorate holders to their country's
scientific collaboration with United States: 1994–98 and 1999–2003 |
| Figure 5-49 |
Share of international S&E articles, by major S&E publishing
region or country/economy: 1988, 1996, and 2003 |
| Figure 5-50 |
Intraregional collaboration on international S&E articles
of selected East Asian countries/economies: 1988 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-51 |
S&E article output of U.S. nonacademic sectors: 1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-52 |
U.S. sector and foreign coauthorship share of U.S. academic
S&E articles: 1988 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-53 |
Worldwide citations of S&E literature: 1992, 1997, and
2003 |
| Figure 5-54 |
Foreign scientific literature cited in worldwide scientific
articles: 1994 and 2003 |
| Figure 5-55 |
Citations of S&E literature, by region or country/economy:
1988–2003 |
| Figure 5-56 |
Citation of S&E literature, by major S&E publishing
region or country/economy: 2003 |
| Figure 5-57 |
Share of top 5% of cited S&E
articles, by major S&E
publishing region or country/economy: 1992–2003 |
| Figure 5-58 |
Citations of S&E material in U.S. patents: 1987–2004 |
| Figure 5-59 |
U.S. academic share of patenting by U.S. private and nonprofit
sectors: 1981–2003 |
| Figure 5-60 |
Academic patents in three largest utility classes: 1969–2003 |
| Figure 5-61 |
Characteristics of licenses and options executed by U.S. universities: 2003 |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 6: Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace |
| Figure 6-1 |
International comparisons of GDP and GDP per capita,
by country/region: 1991–2003 |
| Figure 6-2 |
Global industry sales, average annual growth rate, by sector:
1995–2003 |
| Figure 6-3 |
Value added by U.S. industries as percentage of gross output:
1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-4 |
High-technology value added as a share of total manufacturing
value added in selected countries/regions: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-5 |
Share of global high-technology value added, by country/region:
1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-6 |
U.S. share of global value added, by high-technology industry:
1985–2003 |
| Figure 6-7 |
Global high-technology value added, by industry share: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-8 |
Industry spending on capital equipment: 1990–2004 |
| Figure 6-9 |
U.S. exports as percentage of sector output: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-10 |
High-technology exports, by selected country/region: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-11 |
High-technology industry exports, by selected countries: 2003 |
| Figure 6-12 |
Global high-technology exports, by industry share: 1980–2003 |
| Figure 6-13 |
Global revenues generated by five knowledge-intensive service
industries: 2003 |
| Figure 6-14 |
U.S. trade balance, by product type: 1990–2004 |
| Figure 6-15 |
Three largest export markets for U.S. technology products:
2004 |
| Figure 6-16 |
Top three foreign suppliers of technology products to United
States: 2004 |
| Figure 6-17 |
U.S. trade balance of royalties and fees paid for intellectual
property: 1987–2003 |
| Figure 6-18 |
U.S. trade in intellectual property
involving manufacturing know-how, between unaffiliated companies:
1987–2003 |
| Figure 6-19 |
U.S. royalties and fees generated from trade in intellectual
property in the form of manufacturing know-how, between unaffiliated
companies: 2003 |
| Figure 6-20 |
Leading indicators of technological competitiveness in selected
countries: 2005 |
| Figure 6-21 |
Composite scores for four leading indicators, by country: 1999,
2003, and 2005 |
| Figure 6-22 |
U.S. patents granted, by country of origin: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 6-23 |
U.S. patents granted to foreign inventors, by country/economy
of origin: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 6-24 |
U.S. patent applications, by country of residence of first-named
inventor: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 6-25 |
U.S. patent applications filed by selected foreign inventors,
by country/economy of residence: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 6-26 |
U.S. biotechnology patents granted, by residence of first-named
inventor: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 6-27 |
U.S. biotechnology patents granted to foreign inventors, by
residence of inventor: 1990–2003 |
| Figure 6-28 |
Triadic patent families, by residence of inventor: 1985–2000 |
| Figure 6-29 |
Triadic patent families, by residence of inventor: Priority
years 1991 and 2000 |
| Figure 6-30 |
Share of biotechnology triadic patents, by country/region:
1998 and 1999 |
| Figure 6-31 |
Venture capital disbursements, total and by company: 1990–2004 |
| Figure 6-32 |
U.S. venture capital disbursements, by industry: 1999–2004 |
| Figure 6-33 |
U.S. venture capital disbursements, by stage of financing:
1994–2004 |
| Figure 6-34 |
Value of average investment by venture capital funds, by stage
of financing: 1994–2004 |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 7: Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding |
| Figure 7-1 |
Sources of information in United States: 2004 |
| Figure 7-2 |
Primary source of news about science and technology in United
States: 2001 and 2004 |
| Figure 7-3 |
Primary source of information about specific scientific issue:
2001 and 2004 |
| Figure 7-4 |
Use of broadcast versus online news: 1993–2004 |
| Figure 7-5 |
Households with broadband versus other Internet connections:
2000 and 2003 |
| Figure 7-6 |
Level of public interest in science and technology issues,
by country/region: Most recent year |
| Figure 7-7 |
Correct answers to specific science literacy questions, by
country/region: Most recent year |
| Figure 7-8 |
Belief in paranormal phenomena: 1990, 2001, and 2005 |
| Figure 7-9 |
Public assessment of astrology or fortune telling, by country/region:
2001 or 2004 |
| Figure 7-10 |
Attitudes toward science and technology, by country/region:
Most recent year |
| Figure 7-11 |
Support for government funding of basic research, by country/region:
Most recent year |
| Figure 7-12 |
Perceptions about news coverage of global warming: 1997–2005 |
| Figure 7-13 |
Worry about environmental problems: 2000–04 |
| Figure 7-14 |
Public priorities for environmental protection versus economic
growth: 1984–2005 |
| Figure 7-15 |
Impact of new technologies in United States, Canada, and Europe:
2005 |
| Figure 7-16 |
Attitudes toward biotechnology in United States and Europe:
1999/2000 and 2005 |
| Figure 7-17 |
Credibility of sources of information on biotechnology: 2005 |
| Figure 7-18 |
Public attitudes toward stem cell research: 2001–04 |
| Figure 7-19 |
Public expressing confidence in leadership, by institution
type: 1973–2004 |
| Figure 7-20 |
Attitude toward science career for son or daughter: 2001, 2003,
or 2004 |
| Top of page |
| Chapter 8: State Indicators |
| Figure 8-1 |
Fourth grade mathematics performance: 2003 |
| Figure 8-2 |
Fourth grade mathematics proficiency: 2003 |
| Figure 8-3 |
Fourth grade science performance: 2000 |
| Figure 8-4 |
Fourth grade science proficiency: 2000 |
| Figure 8-5 |
Eighth grade mathematics performance: 2003 |
| Figure 8-6 |
Eighth grade mathematics proficiency: 2003 |
| Figure 8-7 |
Eighth grade science performance: 2000 |
| Figure 8-8 |
Eighth grade science proficiency: 2000 |
| Figure 8-9 |
Elementary and secondary public school
current expenditures as share of gross state product: 2003 |
| Figure 8-10 |
Current expenditures per pupil for
elementary and secondary public schools: 2003 |
| Figure 8-11 |
Share of public high school students
taking Advanced Placement Exams, by state: 2004 |
| Figure 8-12 |
Share of public high school students
scoring 3 or higher on at least one Advanced Placement Exam:
2004 |
| Figure 8-13 |
Bachelor's degrees conferred per 1,000 individuals 18–24 years
old: 2003 |
| Figure 8-14 |
Bachelor's degrees in natural sciences and engineering conferred
per 1,000 individuals 18–24 years old: 2003 |
| Figure 8-15 |
S&E degrees as share of higher education degrees conferred:
2003 |
| Figure 8-16 |
S&E graduate students per 1,000 individuals 25–34 years
old: 2003 |
| Figure 8-17 |
Advanced S&E degrees as share of S&E degrees conferred:
2003 |
| Figure 8-18 |
Average undergraduate charge at public 4-year institutions:
2004 |
| Figure 8-19 |
State expenditures on student aid per full-time undergraduate
student: 2002 |
| Figure 8-20 |
Bachelor's degree holders as share of workforce: 2004 |
| Figure 8-21 |
Individuals in S&E occupations as share of workforce: 2003 |
| Figure 8-22 |
S&E doctorate holders as share of workforce: 2003 |
| Figure 8-23 |
Engineers as share of workforce: 2003 |
| Figure 8-24 |
Life and physical scientists as share of workforce: 2003 |
| Figure 8-25 |
Computer specialists as share of workforce: 2003 |
| Figure 8-26 |
R&D as share of gross state product: 2002 |
| Figure 8-27 |
Federal R&D obligations per civilian worker: 2002 |
| Figure 8-28 |
Federal R&D obligations per individual in S&E occupation:
2002–03 |
| Figure 8-29 |
Industry-performed R&D as share of private-industry output:
2003 |
| Figure 8-30 |
Academic R&D per $1,000 of gross state product: 2003 |
| Figure 8-31 |
S&E doctorates conferred per 1,000 S&E doctorate holders:
2003 |
| Figure 8-32 |
Academic article output per 1,000 S&E doctorate holders
in academia: 2003 |
| Figure 8-33 |
Academic article output per $1 million of academic R&D:
2003 |
| Figure 8-34 |
Academic patents awarded per 1,000 S&E doctorate holders
in academia: 2003 |
| Figure 8-35 |
Patents awarded per 1,000 individuals in S&E occupations:
2003 |
| Figure 8-36 |
High-technology share of all business establishments: 2002 |
| Figure 8-37 |
Net high-technology business formations as share of all business
establishments: 2002 |
| Figure 8-38 |
Employment in high-technology establishments as share of total
employment: 2002 |
| Figure 8-39 |
Average SBIR program award dollars per $1 million of gross
state product: 2001–03 |
| Figure 8-40 |
Venture capital disbursed per $1,000 of gross state product:
2003 |
| Figure 8-41 |
Venture capital deals as share of high-technology business
establishments: 2002 |
| Figure 8-42 |
Venture capital disbursed per venture capital deal: 2004 |
| Top of page |
Overview