Bird Checklists of the United States
Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge
Eufaula, Alabama
Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge, established in 1964, is managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior. The refuge is located on the Chattahoochee River and is superimposed on the Walter F. George Reservoir, a river and harbor project of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Situated between Alabama and Georgia, the refuge encompasses 11,598 acres of land, marsh and water. The refuge office is located about 7 miles north of Eufaula, Alabama, on Old State Highway 165.
Ethics for Birdwatching
Take care not to disturb nesting birds. This exposes eggs and young to extreme temperatures and predation.
Disturb wintering wildlife as little as possible, particularly during critical feeding and resting periods. They need all of their energy reserves to withstand the stresses of harsh weather and migration.
Do not litter. Many birds die when they become entangled in fishing lines, 6-pack rings and other trash, or when they mistake garbage for food.
How to use your checklist
The bird checklist was designed to be informative and simple to use. The list is arranged in the order established by the American Ornithological Union.
This checklist includes 281 species of birds and is based on observations by refuge personnel and visiting ornithologists. Special acknowledgment is given to Dr. Julian L. Dusi, Auburn University, for compiling this list from years of personal observation. If you should find an unlisted species, please let us know at Refuge Headquarters. We appreciate your help in updating our records.
Symbols which appear in this checklist represent the following:
Seasonal appearance
Sp - Spring - March to May
S - Summer - June to August
F - Fall - September to November
W - Winter - December to February
Seasonal abundance
a - abundant: a common species which is very numerous
c - common: certain to be seen in suitable habitat
u - uncommon: present but not certain to be seen
o - occasional: seen only a few times during a season
r - rare: seen at intervals of 2 to 5 years
x - accidental: out of normal species range
* - known or suspected to have nested on refuge
For additional information contact:
LOONS Sp S F W ___ Common Loon o o u u ___ Red-throated Loon x - - -
GREBES Sp S F W ___ Pied-billed Grebe* c u c c ___ Horned Grebe r - r o ___ Eared Grebe x - - -
SHEARWATERS, PETRELS Sp S F W ___ Leach's Storm-petrel - - x -
PELICANS AND ALLIES Sp S F W ___ Double-crested Cormorant c u u c ___ Anhinga* u u r r ___ Brown Pelican r - r - ___ White Pelican r r x x
HERONS, EGRETS AND ALLIES Sp S F W ___ American Bittern u r o u ___ Least Bittern* c c - - ___ Great Blue Heron* c c c a ___ Great Egret* c c a a ___ Snowy Egret* u u o o ___ Little Blue Heron* c c u u ___ Tricolored Heron u u o r ___ Reddish Egret r - r r ___ Cattle Egret* c a a u ___ Green-backed Heron* c c u r ___ Black-crowned Night-Heron c u c c ___ Yellow-crowned Night-Heron u o r -
IBISES, SPOONBILL, STORK Sp S F W ___ Glossy Ibis r r - r ___ White Ibis* u u u u ___ Roseate Spoonbill - - x x ___ Wood Stork - r r -
WATERFOWL Sp S F W ___ Fulvous Whistling-Duck x - - x ___ Tundra Swan x - r o ___ Greater White-Fronted Goose o - o u ___ Snow Goose u - u c ___ Canada Goose* c c a a ___ Wood Duck* c a a a ___ Green-winged Teal c - a a ___ American Black Duck u - u u ___ Mallard a c a a ___ Northern Pintail u - a a ___ Blue-winged Teal c o a u ___ Northern Shoveler c - c a ___ Gadwall u - a a ___ American Wigeon c o a a ___ Canvasback o - o u ___ Redhead o - u u ___ Ring-necked Duck c - a a ___ Greater Scaup - - - r ___ Lesser Scaup u - c c ___ Oldsquaw x - - x ___ Common Goldeneye o - r u ___ Bufflehead u - u c ___ Hooded Merganser* u r u c ___ Common Merganser r - o o ___ Red-breasted Merganser o - u u ___ Ruddy Duck u - u c
VULTURES, HAWKS AND ALLIES Sp S F W ___ Black Vulture u u u u ___ Turkey Vulture c u c c ___ Osprey u u u o ___ Mississippi Kite - r - - ___ Bald Eagle o o o u ___ Northern Harrier u - c c ___ Sharp-shinned Hawk u o u u ___ Cooper's Hawk u o u u ___ Red-shouldered Hawk u u u u ___ Broad-winged Hawk o o o r ___ Swainson's Hawk - - x x ___ Red-tailed Hawk* c u c c ___ Rough-legged Hawk - - x x ___ Golden Eagle - r r o ___ American Kestrel o o c c ___ Merlin r - o o ___ Peregrine Falcon r - r r
GALLINACEOUS BIRDS Sp S F W ___ Wild Turkey* o o o o ___ Northern Bobwhite* a a a a
RAILS, GALLINULES, COOTS AND CRANES Sp S F W ___ Yellow Rail x r - x ___ Black Rail x - - - ___ King Rail* u u u o ___ Virginia Rail o - x r ___ Sora o x o o ___ Purple Gallinule u u o r ___ Common Moorhen c c u u ___ American Coot c u a a ___ Sandhill Crane r - x r
SHOREBIRDS Sp S F W ___ Black-bellied Plover u r u o ___ American Golden Plover u - u - ___ Wilson's Plover - - x - ___ Semipalmated Plover u o o x ___ Piping Plover r r - - ___ Killdeer* c c a a ___ Black-necked Stilt - x - - ___ American Avocet - r r r ___ Greater Yellowlegs c u u u ___ Lesser Yellowlegs c u c u ___ Solitary Sandpiper u o o r ___ Willet o r o r ___ Spotted Sandpiper c u u o ___ Upland Sandpiper u r r - ___ Whimbrel - x - - ___ Marbled Godwit - x - - ___ Ruddy Turnstone x x x - ___ Red Knot - - x - ___ Sanderling o o o - ___ Semipalmated Sandpiper u u u r ___ Western Sandpiper u r o u ___ Least Sandpiper c u c c ___ White-rumped Sandpiper u x r - ___ Baird's Sandpiper r r o - ___ Pectoral Sandpiper c u c u ___ Dunlin u - c c ___ Stilt Sandpiper o o o - ___ Buff-breasted Sandpiper x r r - ___ Ruff x x - - ___ Short-billed Dowitcher o o u u ___ Long-billed Dowitcher u x u - ___ Common Snipe a u c c ___ American Woodcock* o r u u ___ Wilson's Phalarope o r o - ___ Red-necked Phalarope - x - - ___ Red Phalarope - - x - ___ Laughing Gull o o r o ___ Bonaparte's Gull u - u u ___ Ring-billed Gull c o c a ___ Herring Gull u o u u ___ Gull-billed Tern - - - x ___ Caspian Tern u o r r ___ Royal Tern - x - - ___ Sandwich Tern - x - - ___ Common Tern x x - r ___ Forster's Tern u u c u ___ Least Tern - r o u ___ Black Tern o u - - ___ Black Skimmer - x - -
PIGEONS, DOVES Sp S F W ___ Rock Dove* c c c c ___ Mourning Dove* c a a a ___ Common Ground-Dove* u c u u
CUCKOOS Sp S F W ___ Black-billed Cuckoo - - - o ___ Yellow-billed Cuckoo* c c o - ___ Groove-billed Ani - - x -
OWLS Sp S F W ___ Barn Owl* u u u u ___ Eastern Screech-Owl* c c c c ___ Great Horned Owl* u u u u ___ Barred Owl* u u u u ___ Long-eared Owl - - - x ___ Short-eared Owl o - - o ___ Northern Saw-whet Owl - - - x
GOATSUCKERS Sp S F W ___ Common Nighthawk* u o o - ___ Chuck-will's-widow* u u - - ___ Whip-poor-will r - - -
SWIFTS, HUMMINGBIRDS Sp S F W ___ Chimney Swift c c c - ___ Ruby-throated Hummingbird* u u r -
KINGFISHERS Sp S F W ___ Belted Kingfisher* c c c c
WOODPECKERS Sp S F W ___ Red-headed Woodpecker* o o o o ___ Red-bellied Woodpecker* c c c c ___ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker u - u c ___ Downy Woodpecker* c c c c ___ Hairy Woodpecker* u o u u ___ Red-cockaded Woodpecker - - - x ___ Northern Flicker* u u c c ___ Pileated Woodpecker* u u u u
FLYCATCHERS Sp S F W ___ Olive-sided Flycatcher - - x - ___ Eastern Wood-Pewee* o r r - ___ Acadian Flycatcher u c u - ___ Alder Flycatcher x - - - ___ Least Flycatcher o x - - ___ Eastern Phoebe u - c c ___ Great Crested Flycatcher* c c r - ___ Eastern Kingbird* c c - - ___ Gray Kingbird - - x -
LARKS Sp S F W ___ Horned Lark - - - x
MARTINS AND SWALLOWS Sp S F W ___ Purple Martin* c c o u ___ Tree Swallow c u a o ___ Northern Rough-winged Swallow c a a x ___ Bank Swallow u a u - ___ Cliff Swallow r - o - ___ Barn Swallow* c c a -
JAYS AND CROWS Sp S F W ___ Blue Jay* c c c c ___ American Crow* c c c a ___ Fish Crow* c c c c
CHICKADEES AND TITMICE Sp S F W ___ Carolina Chickadee* c c c c ___ Tufted Titmouse* c c c c
NUTHATCHES Sp S F W ___ Red-breasted Nuthatch r - - o ___ White-breasted Nuthatch - - - r ___ Brown-headed Nuthatch* c c c c
CREEPERS Sp S F W ___ Brown Creeper o - o u
WRENS Sp S F W ___ Carolina Wren* c c c c ___ Bewick's Wren - - - r ___ House Wren o x o u ___ Winter Wren r - o o ___ Sedge Wren u - u c ___ Marsh Wren u - u c
KINGLETS AND GNATCATCHERS Sp S F W ___ Golden-crowned Kinglet - - u u ___ Ruby-crowned Kinglet u - u c ___ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher* c c u o
BLUEBIRDS, THRUSHES AND ROBIN Sp S F W ___ Eastern Bluebird* c u c c ___ Veery o - - - ___ Gray-cheecked Thrush o - r - ___ Swainson's Thrush o - r - ___ Hermit Thrush - u c - ___ Wood Thrush* u c o - ___ American Robin* c u c a
THRASHERS Sp S F W ___ Gray Catbird* u u u o ___ Northern Mockingbird* c c c c ___ Brown Thrasher* c c c c
PIPITS Sp S F W ___ American Pipit c - u c
WAXWINGS Sp S F W ___ Cedar Waxwing u - o c
STARLINGS Sp S F W ___ European Starling* c c c a
SHRIKES Sp S F W ___ Loggerhead Shrike* c c c c
VIREOS Sp S F W ___ White-eyed Vireo* u c u o ___ Solitary Vireo o - o o ___ Yellow-throated Vireo o r r x ___ Warbling Vireo o - x - ___ Philadelphia Vireo - r r - ___ Red-eyed Vireo* u c u -
WARBLERS Sp S F W ___ Blue-winged Warbler x - x - ___ Golden-winged Warbler - x - - ___ Tennessee Warbler r - o - ___ Orange-crowned Warbler o - o u ___ Nashville Warbler - - r - ___ Northern Parula* c c o - ___ Yellow Warbler o o x - ___ Chestnut-sided Warbler x - - - ___ Magnolia Warbler r - - - ___ Cape May Warbler r - u - ___ Black-throated Blue Warbler u - u - ___ Yellow-rumped Warbler c - c a ___ Black-throated Green Warbler o - r - ___ Blackburnian Warbler o - o - ___ Yellow-throated Warbler* u u o - ___ Pine Warbler* c c c c ___ Prairie Warbler* u u o - ___ Bay-breasted Warbler - - u - ___ Palm Warbler c - c c ___ Blackpoll Warbler o - - - ___ Cerulean Warbler x - x - ___ Black-and-white Warbler u x u o ___ American Redstart u - o - ___ Prothonotary Warbler* u c - - ___ Worm-eating Warbler o r - - ___ Swainson's Warbler r - - - ___ Ovenbird o - u - ___ Northern Waterthrush u - u r ___ Louisiana Waterthrush* u u - - ___ Kentucky Warbler* c c c c ___ Common Yellowthroat* c c c c ___ Hooded Warbler* u c u - ___ Wilson's Warbler x - x - ___ Yellow-breasted Chat* u u u -
TANAGERS Sp S F W ___ Summer Tanager* u u x - ___ Scarlet Tanager o - - -
NEW WORLD FINCHES Sp S F W ___ Northern Cardinal* c c c c ___ Rose-breasted Grosbeak o - - - ___ Blue Grosbeak* u c u - ___ Indigo Bunting* u c u - ___ Dickcissel r - x -
SPARROWS Sp S F W ___ Rufous-sided Towhee* c c c c ___ Bachman's Sparrow* - o r - ___ Chipping Sparrow* c u c a ___ Clay-colored Sparrow x - - - ___ Field Sparrow* c c c c ___ Vesper Sparrow u - u c ___ Lark Sparrow - x - - ___ Savannah Sparrow c - c a ___ Grasshopper Sparrow* o o o u ___ Henslow's Sparrow - - - x ___ Le Conte's Sparrow o - r o ___ Sharp-tailed Sparrow - - - x ___ Fox Sparrow o - o u ___ Song Sparrow c - c a ___ Lincoln's Sparrow - - x x ___ Swamp Sparrow c - u a ___ White-throated Sparrow c - u a ___ White-crowned Sparrow o - o o ___ Dark-eyed Junco o - u c
BLACKBIRDS, GRACKLES, COWBIRDS AND ORIOLES Sp S F W ___ Bobolink - c - - ___ Red-winged Blackbird* a a a a ___ Eastern Meadowlark* c c c c ___ Yellow-headed Blackbird - - x - ___ Rusty Blackbird u - o u ___ Brewer's Blackbird - - - o ___ Common Grackle* c c a a ___ Brown-headed Cowbird* c c a a ___ Orchard Oriole* u c - - ___ Northern Oriole r - - r
OLD WORLD FINCHES Sp S F W ___ Purple Finch - - o u ___ Pine Siskin - - - u ___ American Goldfinch* u o u c ___ Evening Grosbeak - - - r
WEAVER FINCHES Sp S F W ___ House Sparrow* c c c c
Refuge Manager
Eufaula National Wildlife Refuge
Route 2, Box 97-B
509 Old Highway 165
Eufaula, Alabama 36027-9294
Telephone: 334/687-4065
This resource is based on the following source:
Dusi, Dr. J.L. 1996. Birds of Eufaula Naitonal Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. Unpaginated.
This resource should be cited as:
Dusi, Dr. J.L. 1996. Birds of Eufaula Naitonal Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service. Unpaginated. Jamestown, ND: Northern Prairie
Wildlife Research Center Online.
http://www.npwrc.usgs.goveufaula.htm
(Version 22MAY98).
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