STUDENTS
JOIN SCIENTISTS IN SEARCH OF ASTHMA TRIGGERS Students
and teachers of more than 20 Baltimore, Md. middle and high schools will be helping
NASA scientists, and doctors and researchers from the University of Maryland School
of Medicine to better understand the causes of pediatric asthma in Baltimore City.
The students will be gathering data on aerosol particles that will help experts
track particulates in relation to incidence of asthma. "Asthma
is one of the most common chronic illnesses that cause children to miss school,
and Baltimore City school children suffer from some of the highest asthma rates
in the country," says Carol Blaisdell, M.D., Chief of Pediatric Pulmonology
and Allergy at the University of Maryland Hospital for Children and Associate
Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. Severe
asthma events leading to hospitalization occur at much higher rates for children
under the age of 18 in the fall more than during the rest of the year. Scientists
believe this may, in part, be triggered by tiny airborne particles called aerosols.
The
student's portion of the research is called the Baltimore Student Sun photometer
Network (BSSN). Each student participating in BSSN will go outside of their school
daily and point a hand held instrument, known as a "Sun Photometer,"
toward the Sun. These devices can determine the concentration and size of aerosols
(or particles in the air) by using light from the electromagnetic spectrum. Smaller
particles appear in the blue end of the spectrum, while the larger particles are
seen in the red end of the spectrum. The students will take daily measurements
of aerosols around Baltimore City beginning this spring and will continue to collect
data over the course of this calendar year. "The
data will be included as part of a larger study to identify the environmental
triggers of pediatric asthma in Baltimore," said Elissa Levine, the lead
scientist on the project, who works in the Biospheric Sciences Branch at NASA's
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. "This co-operative effort is
not only beneficial to our research, but will also benefit the students. It will
enhance their science, math, and technology skills and improve their understanding
of their local environment." "We
are excited about participating because collection of authentic data is an important
part of modern science instruction," said Dr. Andrea Bowden, Supervisor of
Science and Health Education for the Baltimore City Public School System.
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BSSN will be the first city-wide network ever established to monitor small-scale
changes in the quantity of aerosol particles in a layer of atmosphere over a metropolitan
area. The network will be scientifically and geographically supported by a full-scale
Sun Photometer located on the roof of the Maryland Science Center in Baltimore
that is part of NASA's AERONET (AEosol RObotic NETwork) program. Just
like the full-scale Sun Photometer, the hand held "student" instruments
will provide information about the quantity and particle size of aerosols in the
air using bands from the electromagnetic spectrum. The student readings will provide
a first time look at how aerosols are spread out across the city, and be compared
with the Sun Photometer readings at the Maryland Science Center location. Brent
Holben, an atmospheric scientist at NASA Goddard, leads the AERONET program, a
series of ground-based remote sensing Sun photometers that measure aerosols globally.
NASA and various federal agencies, universities and institutes around the world
have established these ground-stations. Holben
said, "In addition to helping to collect data for the asthma project, the
aerosol data that the students collect using hand-held devices will be used to
verify the accuracy of data NASA collects from instruments aboard NASA's Terra
satellite." Terra
looks at aerosols from space down to Earth, while this project looks at them from
the Earth up toward space. The student network acts as a double-check for the
aerosol data gathered by the satellite and the full-scale photometer, and the
first time this check will be made across a local area. The hand-held Sun photometers
are on loan from the USDA Forest Service, who uses them to measure air quality
after forest fires. This
study is funded through NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The aerosol data that
is being used to identify environmental asthma triggers is funded under NASA's
"Healthy Planet: Earth Science and Public Health" program.
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