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Bromide Stream Tracer Reference List
A reference list for the use of bromide as a stream
tracer
Compilation by
Ken Bencala
<kbencala@usgs.gov>
and Marisa Cox <mhcox@usgs.gov>
original: 21-Dec-2000
revised: 25-Apr-2005
last update: 23-Sep-2005
This reference list also may be downloaded as a
Word document [47 Kb].
Bromide Tracer
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
The use of salt dilution gauging techniques: ecological considerations
and insights. PJ Wood, AP Dykes, Water Research,
36:3054-3062, 2002.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Loss of bromide in a wetland tracer experiment. S Whitmer, L Baker, R Wass,
Journal of Environmental Quality, 29:2043-2045, 2000.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
An adsorption isotherm for bromide. SF Korom, Water Resources Research,
36(7):1969-1974, 2000.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Dye adsorption in a loam soil as influenced by potassium bromide. SE
Allaire-Leung, SC Gupta, JF Moncrief, Journal of Environmental Quality,
28(6):1831-1837, 1999.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Use of tracer injections and synoptic sampling to measure metal loading
from acid mine drainage. BA Kimball, US Geological Survey Fact Sheet,
245-96, 1996.
[Online at
http://ut.water.usgs.gov/usgsabout/fs245/245.html]
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Influence of plant uptake on performance of bromide tracer. KJS Kung,
Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54:975-979, 1990.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Bromide as a conservative tracer for soil-water studies. BS Levy, RM Chamber,
Hydrological Processes, 1:385-389, 1987.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Evaluation of some new traces for soil water studies. RS Bowman, Soil
Science Society of America Journal, 48:987-993, 1984.
|
Bromide Background
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Variations of bromide in potable ground water in the United States.
SN Davis, JT Fabryka-Martin, LE Wolfsberg, Ground Water,
42(6):902-909, 2004.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Bromide concentrations in Swedish precipitation, surface and ground waters. U
Lundstrom, A Olin, Water Research, 20(6):751-756, 1986.
|
Bromide Analysis
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Difficulties with the chlormine-T-Phenol Red method for bromide
determinations. DR Jones, Talanta, 36(12):1243-1247, 1989.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Bromide as tracer in ground-water studies: geochemistry and analytical
determination. DO Whittemore, In Ground Water Geochemistry Conference
(1988: Denver, CO), 339-359, Sponsor: Association of Ground Water Scientists
and Engineers, Publisher: National Water Well Association.
|
82-Br Tracer
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Predicting times of travel, dispersion and peak concentrations of pollution
incidents in streams. JA Brady, P Johnson, Journal of Hydrology,
53:135-150, 1981.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
A note of the performance of a 82Br radioactive tracer in the River Skerne,
England. L Hamill, Journal of Hydrology, 47:307-315, 1980.
|
Bromide Stream Tracer Examples
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
A stream tracer technique employing ionic tracers and specific conductance
data applied to the Maimai catchment, New Zealand. MN Gooseff, BL McGlynn,
Hydrological Processes, in press.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Quantification of metal loading to Silver Creek through the Silver Maple
Claims area, Park City, Utah, May 2002. BA Kimball, KK Johnson, RL Runkel,
JL Steiger, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report
03-4296, 2004.
[Online at
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri034296/]
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
The Santa Clara River-the last natural river of Los Angeles. J Constantz, MH
Cox, L Sarma, G Mendez, in DA Stonestrom, J Constantz, eds., Heat as
a tool for studying the movement of ground waters near streams, US Geological
Survey Circular, 1260, 2003.
[Online at
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/circ/2003/circ1260/]
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Evaluation of tracer tests completed in 1999 and 2000 on the Upper Santa
Clara River, Los Angeles and Ventura Counties, California. MH Cox, GO Mendez,
CR Kratzer, EG Reichard, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations
Report, 03-4277, 2003.
[Online at
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wrir034277/]
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Comparison of heat and bromide as ground water tracers near stream. J
Constantz, MH Cox, GW Su, Ground Water, 41:647-656,
2003.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
The hydraulic characteristics and geochemistry of hyporheic and parafluvial
zones in Artic tundra streams, north slope, Alaska. KJ Edwardson,
WB Bowden, C Dahm, J Morrice, Advances in Water Resources,
26:907-923, 2003.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Predicting changes in hydrologic retention in an evolving semi-arid alluvial
stream. JW Harvey, MH Conklin, RS Koelsch, Advances in Water Resources,
26:939-950, 2003.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Application of tracer-injection techniques to demonstrate surface-water and
ground-water interactions between an alpine stream and the North Star Mine,
Upper Animas River watershed, Southwestern Colorado. WG Wright, B Moore,
US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, 03-4172, 2003.
[Online at
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri034172/]
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Reactive uptake of trace metals in the hyporheic zone of a
mining-contaminated stream, Pinal Creek, Arizona, CC Fuller, JW Harvey,
Environmental Science and Technology, 34(7):1150-1155, 2000.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Transient storage and gas transfer in lowland stream, SC Chapra, RJ Wilcock,
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 126(8):708-712, 2000.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Determination of instream metal loads using tracer-injection
and synoptic-sampling techniques in Wightman Fork, Southwestern
Colorado, September 1997. RF Ortiz, KE Bencala, US Geological
Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report, 00-4154, 2001.
[Online at
http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri004154/]
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Quantification of metal loading in Fisher Creek by tracer injection and
synoptic sampling, Park County, Montana, August 1997. BA Kimball, DA Nimick,
LJ Gerner, RL Runkel, US Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations
Report, 99-4119, 1999.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Effect of enhanced manganese oxidation in the hyporheic zone on basin-scale
geochemical mass balance. JW Harvey, CC Fuller, Water Resources
Research, 34(4):623-636, 1998.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Alluvial characteristics, groundwater-surface water exchange and hydrological
retention in headwater streams. JA Morrice, HM Valett, CN Dahm, ME Campana,
Hydrological Processes, 11:253-567 1997.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Parent lighology, surface-groundwater exchange, and nitrate retention in
headwater streams. HM Valett, JA Morrice, CN Dahm, ME Campana, Limnology
and Oceanography, 41(3):333-345, 1996.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Testing and comparison of four ionic tracers to measure stream flow
loss by multiple tracer injection. GW Zellweger, Hydrological Processes,
8:155-165, 1994.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
The effect of streambed topography on surface-subsurface water exchange
in mountain catchments. JW Harvey, KE Bencala, Water Resources Research,
29(1):89-98, 1993.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Patterns of hydrological exchange and nutrient transformation in the
hyporheic zone of a gravel-bottom stream: examining terrestrial-aquatic
linkages. FJ Triska, JH Duff, RJ Avanzino, Freshwater Biology,
29:259-274, 1993.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Tracer-dilution experiments and solute-transport simulations for a mountain
stream, Saint Kevin Gulch, Colorado. RE Broshears, KE Bencala, BA Kimball,
DM McKnight, USGS WRIR, 92-4081, 18, 1993.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Surface-subsurface water interactions in an alluviated mountain stream
channel. NMCastro, GM Hornberger, Water Resources Research,
27(7):1613-1621, 1991.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Characterization of transport in an acidic and metal-rich mountain stream
based on lithium tracer injections and simulations of transient storage. KE
Bencala, DM McKnight, GW Zellweger, Water Resources Research,
26(5):989-1000, 1990.
|
Related Bromide Tracer Examples
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Comparison of rhodamine WT and bromide in the determination of
hydraulic characteristics of constructed wetlands. AY-C Lin, J-F
Debroux, JA Cunningham, and M Reinhard, Ecological Engineering,
20:75-88, 2003, doi:10.1016/S0925-8574(03)00005-3.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Hydraulic analysis of Orlando Easterly Wetland, CJ Martinez. WR Wise,
Journal of Environmental Engineering, 129(6):553-560,
2003.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Hydrologic variability of small Northern Michigan lakes measured
by the addition of tracers. JJ Cole, ML Pace, Ecosystems,
1:310-320, 1998.
|
Aquatic Effects
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Toxicological and ecotoxicological assessment of water tracers. H Behrens,
U Beims, H Dieter, G Dietze, T Eikmann, T Grummt, H Hanisch, H Henseling,
W Käß, H Kerndorff, C Leibundgut, U Müller-Wegener, I Rönnefahrt, B
Scharenberg, R Schleyer, W Schloz, and F Tilkes, Hydrogeology Journal,
9:321-325, 2001.
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Bromide in the natural environment: occurrence and toxicity. M
Flury, A Papritz, Journal of Environmental Quality,
22:747-758, 1993.
|
Commercial Product Information
|
The U.S. Geological Survey does NOT endorse or recommend commercial
products. The following is provided ONLY for identification and
information purposes.
LiBr and/or NaBr
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Sieflor
Los Angeles, CA
818-762-6300
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
Morre-Tec
New Jersey
908-688-9009
http://www.morretec.com
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
FMC Corporation
Lithium Division
2801 Yorkmont Rd Ste 300
Charlotte, NC 28208
888-lithium
FAX: 704-868-5370
http://www.fmclithium.com
|
International Chemical Safety Cards
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
http://www.msdsonline.com
| ![o](https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20081107080432im_/http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/images/bwhite.gif) |
http://www.msds.com
|
Stewart Rounds, SMIG coordinator
<sarounds@usgs.gov>
U.S. Geological Survey
http://smig.usgs.gov/SMIG/bromide_tracer.html
Last modified Wednesday, 21-Nov-2007 12:59:39 EST
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