The standard deduction is a dollar amount that reduces the amount of income on which you are taxed. You cannot take the standard deduction if you claim itemized deductions.
In some cases, your standard deduction can consist of two parts, the basic standard deduction and additional standard deduction amount, for age, or blindness, or both.
In general, the basic standard deduction is adjusted each year for inflation and varies according to your filing status. The basic standard deduction of an individual who can be claimed as a dependent on another person's tax return is the greater of:
- An amount specified by law, or
- The individual's earned income plus a specified amount (but the total cannot be more than the basic standard deduction for his or her filing status).
The additional standard deduction amount for age, or blindness, or both is specified by law and varies based on your filing status. If you file a separate return and can claim an exemption for your spouse, you will be allowed any additional amounts that apply to you or your spouse.
The additional amount for age will be allowed if you are age 65 or older at the end of the tax year. You are considered to be 65 on the day before your 65th birthday.
The additional amount for blindness will be allowed if you are blind on the last day of the tax year.
For example, a single taxpayer who is age 65 and legally blind would be entitled to a basic standard deduction and additional standard deductions for age and blindness.
If you or your spouse were 65 or older or blind at the end of the year, be sure to claim the additional standard deduction amounts by checking the appropriate boxes on Form 1040A (PDF) or Form 1040 (PDF). The additional standard deduction amounts cannot be claimed on Form 1040EZ.
Certain individuals are not entitled to the standard deduction. They are:
- A married individual filing a separate return whose spouse itemizes deductions,
- An individual who was a nonresident alien or dual status alien during any part of the year, or
- An individual who files a return for a period of less than 12 months due to a change in his or her annual accounting cycle.
For more information, refer to Publication 501, Exemptions, Standard Deduction, and Filing Information.