Example of Project Instructions

Participating Organizations
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)
Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
University of Washington - Applied Physics Lab (UW/APL)
University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)
University of South Florida (USF)
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
University of Miami (RSMAS)
 

Cruise Description and Objectives

The primary objectives of this cruise are to: (1) deploy 3 moorings in support of the NOAA Real Time Tsunami Warning system, (2) deploy 2 heavily instrumented surface moorings and an ADCP mooring in support of the NOPP funded project for "Monitoring the North Pacific for Improved Ocean, Weather and Climate Forecasts", (3) deploy a mooring for the NOPP funded Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE), (4) deploy 6 Haruphone moorings for acoustic monitoring the North Pacific.

An intensive underway and station chemistry measurement program will be conducted during the second leg in support of the O-SCOPE project. This effort is described in detail in Appendix B.

A Halocarbon observation program will be run continuously with measurements of climatically important air and surface water gases. This is a piggyback operation and will be conducted on a not-to-interfere basis with regard to the ship's schedule. Detailed information on this program can be found in Appendix C.

Ship Operations:
CDR Jon Rix, Chief, Operations Division, AMC
Telephone Number: 757-441-6842
FAX Number: 757-441-6495
E-mail Address: Jon.E.Rix@noaa.gov

LT Jim Meigs 757-441-6844
Atlantic marine Center
439 West York St.
Norfolk VA 23510

Scientific Operations:
LCDR Dave Mattens after 24 Aug 99) 206-526-4485
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle WA 98115

The Chief Scientist is authorized to alter the scientific portion of this cruise plan with the concurrence of the Commanding Officer, provided that the proposed changes will not: (1) jeopardize the safety of personnel or the ship; (2) exceed the time allotted for the cruise; (3) result in undue additional expense; or (4) change the general intent of the cruise.

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

Affiliation Addresses:
NOAA/PMEL: 7600 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105
NOAA/CMDL: 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303
NOAA/AOML: 4310 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149
SIO/UCSD: 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093
USF: 140-7Th Ave. S., St. Petersburg, FL 33701
UCSB: 6487 Calle Real, Suite A, Goleta, CA 93117
MBARI: PO Box 628, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039
RSMAS/U. Miami (CIMAS): 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149
CIRES: University of Colorado, Boulder CO, 80309
Dalhousie: Dept. Oceanography Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1
Bigelow: Bigelow lab. for Ocean Science/UNE, 180 McKown Point, W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575
CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Aspendale, Australia

OPERATIONS

The first operation upon leaving Dutch Harbor will be the bottom survey and deployment of the D-157 moorings, which will be two complete Tsunami systems located approximately 50 km apart. The next operations will be at Ocean Weather Station PAPA, where two NOPP buoys will be deployed. The second will be an O-SCOPE/TSUNAMI mooring that will have many chemical and physical sensors in addition to the tsunami sensors and transmitters. Deep CTDs will be taken at mooring sites and a grid of CTDs will be taken in the vicinity of PAPA (see Appendix D). Six subsurface Haruphone moorings will be deployed during this Leg at locations shown in Appendix A. A Sea Beam survey of a section of the JDFR will be undertaken enroute to Seattle as time allows.

CTD OPERATIONS

Approximately 29 CTD casts will be made with most to a depth of 500 meters and one to within 50 meters of the bottom. (See Appendix C for station locations) The CTD will be lowered at a speed of 30 meters/minute for the first 200 meters and then at 60 meters/minute and retrieved at 60 meters/minute unless otherwise specified by the chief scientist or a designated watchstander. The time, depth, and position of the CTD is to be recorded by bridge watch personnel when the package enters and leaves the water. See Appendix B for additional details on CTD operations. XBTs will be provided by the Halocarbon project to drop 2/day in addition to the those noted in Appendix D, which will be provided by the O-SCOPE project.

Both primary and secondary winches must contain at least 5000m of CTD conducting cable in good condition. Skilled ship personnel and adequate spare parts must be available on both legs to assure that this equipment is maintained in good working order. The ship's personnel must be skilled in CTD wire re-terminations, and PMEL will assist in re-terminations, if necessary. Adequate supplies of materials for the ship's CTD wire re-terminations must be available. Since typical steaming time between stations is brief, re-terminations of the conducting cable (when required) must be completed in a timely manner.

NAVIGATION CONTROL

P Code GPS will be the primary navigational control during this cruise. GPS positions at the highest accuracy available will be recorded by the SCS. Nominally, positions at the beginning and end of all operations and as required elsewhere in these instructions are to be recorded.

SEA BEAM

Sea Beam swath surveys will be required for both legs of this cruise as defined above. The center beam information of the Sea Beam system will also be used to observe and record bottom depth. The scientific party will provide areas and coverage parameters for the surveys. Contoured plots of mooring site surveys will be generated by the Survey Technician. A PMEL/Newport lab representative will provide sound speed profiles and survey plans for the JDFR survey.

By direction of the Director, Coast and Geodetic Survey, NOAA's classifying authority for multibeam data, the Sea Beam system will not be operated while transiting over the classified EEZ area (within U.S. EEZ Limits - north of latitude 46 degrees N).

FACILITIES

EQUIPMENT AND CAPABILITIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SHIP

Sufficient consumables, backup units, and on-site spares and technical support must be in place to assure that operational interruptions are minimal. All measurement instruments (i.e. Autosals) are expected to have current calibrations, and all pertinent calibration information shall be included in the data package. The following systems and their associated support services are essential to the cruise:

1. Global Positioning System via the Scientific Computer System
2. Echo sounding systems including Sea Beam
3. NEMA 0183 GPS string in Main Lab for scientific navigation computer using RS232
4. Two CTD-capable winch systems, both of which: are capable of rapid, deep-water CTD casts; have >5000m 0.322 inch electromechanical cable capable of deploying a CTD to 5000 meters with a 24 10L rosette package; spare parts; termination (electrical and mechanical) kits for backup CTD.
5. Salinity sample bottles: 96 minimum
6. Niskin Bottles: 10-L, 12 each
7. Two (2) Autosal salinometers. 20 vials of IAPSO seawater standards (agreed per discussions 8/10 with PMC)
8. Surface seawater thermosalinograph (in bow) calibrated to 0.05°C and 0.01 ppt with calibration records
9. Bow continuous water sampling system with minimum flow of 75 L/min, with feed to the Hydro and Wet Labs at a flow rate of 25 to 50 L/min, with backup pump. This overall configuration is identical to the one used on GASEX-98
10. Deck machinery for mooring recovery and deployment, including capstan, A-frame, and crane
11. SCS display in the Electronics Lab and main Oceanographic Lab
12. Backup Sea Bird 9/11 Plus CTD, carousel sampler; TC sensor pairs, 2 pumps, plumbing, cable spares
13. Designated PC with Zip drive for CTD data acquisition and preliminary processing networked to a color printer and VCR for real time data archive
14. Two separate high pressure (100 psi) compressed air lines to the main lab. Note ship's comment that Main Lab lines are regulated at 40 psi max so hoses will have to run from outside compressed air outlets into spaces needed. Two high pressure (120 psig) hoses are required in the Main Lab. Both lines must extend far forward in the laboratory, which is where the instruments needing the air will be located. It would be best if these lines were set up before the ship reaches Kwajalein on 13 September
15. Access to water from the evaporators before the disinfection process
16. The ship is requested to provide technical expertise and assistance if unexpected problems arise

EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES TO BE PROVIDED BY THE SCIENTIFIC PARTY

The scientific party will provide the following items and will be responsible for their maintenance support:

1. All mooring equipment and supplies
2. Complete CTD system with SeaBird 9/11 plus, 24 position Carousel sampler, stand, 36-10L bottles, including altimeter and pinger
3. Spare electrical and mechanical termination kits
4. Spare altimeter

See Appendix B and Appendix C for O-SCOPE and Halocarbon project equipment.

Estimated weights of scientific equipment for all legs are shown in Appendix E.

DISPOSITION OF DATA AND REPORTS

DATA RESPONSIBILITIES

The Chief Scientist will be responsible for the disposition, feedback on data quality, and archiving of data and specimens collected on board the ship for the primary project. As representative of the program manager (Director, PMEL), the Chief Scientist will also be responsible for the dissemination of copies of these data to participants in the cruise, to any other requesters, and to NESDIS in accordance with NDM 16-11 (ROSCOP within 3 months of cruise completion). The ship may assist in copying data and reports insofar as facilities allow.

The Chief Scientist will receive all original data gathered by the ship for the primary project, and this data transfer will be documented on NOAA Form 61-29 "Letter Transmitting Data". The Chief Scientist in turn will furnish the ship a complete inventory listing all data gathered by the scientific party detailing types and quantities of data.

Individuals in charge of piggyback projects conducted during the cruise have the same responsibilities for their project's data as the Chief Scientist has for primary project data. All requests for data should be made through the Chief Scientist.

The Commanding Officer is responsible for all data collected for ancillary projects until those data have been transferred to the project's principal investigators or their designees. Data transfers will be documented on NOAA Form 61-29. Copies of ancillary project data will be provided to the Chief Scientist when requested. Reporting and sending copies of ancillary project data to NESDIS (ROSCOP) is the responsibility of the program office sponsoring those projects.

DATA REQUIREMENTS

The ship's SCS system should log the following parameters:
     PCODE_TIME (HHMMSS)
     PCODE_LAT (DEGMIN)
     PCODE_LON (DEGMIN)
     PCODE_QUALITY (1=std)
     PCODE_COG (Degrees)
     PCODE_SOG (Knots)
     LRing-Gyro (Degrees)
     PCODE-SOG-msec (M/SEC)
     TSG_Unit_Temp (Degrees_C)
     TSG_Conductivity (Mega_Mhos)
     TSG_Salinity (PPT)
     Barometer (MB)
     Precip9-trwlhs (mm/hr)
     Imet-Rain (mm)
     Imet-Rel_Hum (Percent)
     Imet-Temp (Degrees_C)
     Fluoro-Value (PPM)
     Imet-TWind1-Speed-MSEC (M/SEC)
     Imet-Twind1-Dir (Degrees)
     Imet-Rwind2-Spd-Knts (Knots)
     Imet-TWind2-Speed-KNTS (Knots)
     Imet-TWind2-Dir (Degrees)
     Bottom Depth (meters)

The Survey Department will translate the data from thermosalinograph to ASCII and plot the data on a daily basis.

The following data products will be produced by the ship and, if requested, will be given to the Chief Scientist at the end of each leg:

1. navigational log sheets (MOAs);
2. salinity determinations;
3. calibration data for Autosals;
4. copy of SEAS data diskettes;
5. 8-mm magnetic tapes of Sea Beam and navigational data, including location and depths of acoustic profile locations; and
6. SCS tapes

SHIP OPERATIONS EVALUATION REPORT

A Ship Operations Evaluation Report will be completed by the Chief Scientist and given to the Director, PMEL, for review and then forwarded to NC3.

ADDITIONAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROJECTS

Any additional work will be subordinate to the primary project and will be accomplished only with the concurrence of the Commanding Officer and the Chief Scientist(s).

ANCILLARY PROJECTS

The following projects will be conducted by ship's personnel in accordance with the general instructions contained in the PMC OPORDER, and conducted on a not-to-interfere basis with the primary project:

1. SEAS Data Collection and Transmission (PMC OPORDER 1.2.1)
2. Marine Mammal Reporting (PMC OPORDER 1.2.2)
3. Bathymetric Trackline (PMC OPORDER 1.2.2)
4. Nautical Charting (PMC OPORDER 1.2.5)
5. Central Pacific Weather Reporting (PMC OPORDER 1.2.6)
6. Sea Turtle Observations (PMC OPORDER 1.2.7)
7. Automated Sounding Aerological Program (SP-PMC-2-94)

MISCELLANEOUS

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

The RONALD H. BROWN will operate in full compliance with all environmental compliance requirements imposed by NOAA. All hazardous materials and substances needed to carry out the objectives of the embarked science mission, including ancillary tasks, are the direct responsibility of the embarked designated Chief Scientist, whether or not that Chief Scientist is using them directly. The RONALD H. BROWN Environmental Compliance Officer will work with the Chief Scientist to ensure that this management policy is properly executed, and that any problems are brought promptly to the attention of the Commanding Officer.

In accordance with NC Instruction 6280B, the Chief Scientist will provide an inventory of all hazardous material, including Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and quantities, to the Commanding Officer at least two weeks prior to sailing. The inventory shall be updated at departure, accounting for the amount of material being removed, as well as the amount consumed in science operations and the amount being removed in the form of waste. The Chief Scientist shall have copies of each MSDS available when the hazardous materials are loaded aboard. Hazardous material for which the MSDS is not provided will not be loaded aboard. Compressed gas storage cylinders (including those containing air) will also be included in the inventory with the date of the last hydrostatic certification.

Appendix E lists the hazardous materials anticipated.

The ship's dedicated HAZMAT Locker contains two 45-gallon capacity flam cabinets and one 22-gallon capacity flam cabinet, plus some available storage on deck. All HAZMAT, except small amounts for ready use, must be stored in the HAZMAT Locker. If science party requirements exceed ship's storage capacity, excess HAZMAT must be stored in dedicated lockers meeting OSH/NFPA standards to be provided by the science party. Scientific groups requiring Hazmat storage should compute volume of storage required prior to the cruise and ensure adequacy onboard.

The scientific party, under supervision of the Chief Scientist, shall be prepared to respond fully to emergencies involving spills of any mission HAZMAT. This includes providing properly trained personnel for response, as well as the necessary neutralizing chemicals and clean-up materials. The ship's Environmnetal Compliance Officer will review the onboard inventory of MSDS's and will advise Chief Scientist if ship already has compounds listed in Appendices. Ship's personnel are not first responders and will act in a support role only in the event of a spill. The Chief Scientist shall provide a list of science party members that are properly trained to respond in the event of hazmat spills.

The Chief Scientist is directly responsible for the handling, both administrative and physical, of all scientific party hazardous wastes. No liquid wastes shall be introduced into the ship's drainage system. No solid waste material shall be placed in the ship's garbage.

The oncoming Chief Scientist will work with the departing Chief Scientist and the ship's environmental Compliance Officer to ensure proper tracking of inherited hazardous materials.

Hazardous materials are listed in Appendix. The volumes of the hazardous materials boxes are listed below. These materials are all compatible and conform with DOT and international shipping regulations. The boxes are packed for export and, if kept intact, can all be stacked together in the hazardous materials locker.

COMMUNICATIONS
Per 1999 policy changes, the following applies:

The Chief Scientist or designated representative will have access to ship's telecommunications systems on a cost-reimbursable basis. Where possible, it is requested that direct payment (e.g. by credit card) be used as opposed to after-the-fact reimbursement. Ship's systems include:

• INMARSAT-A, for high speed data transmission, including FTP, and high quality voice telephone communications. Costs range from $7-$15 per minute for use of the service, and may be charged to credit card or otherwise reimbursed. Phone numbers for ship's INMARSAT-A are: 872-154-2643 voice and 872-154-2644 fax.
• INMARSAT-M, for voice telephone communications and 2400 baud data transfer, about $3 per minute to the US. Phone number for ship's INMARSAT-M system is 872-761-266-581. INMARSAT-M may be charged to credit card, collect, or otherwise reimbursed.
• E-MAIL: An account on Lotus cc:Mail for each embarked personnel will be established by the shipboard electronics staff. The general format is: Firstname_Lastname%BROWN@ccmail.rdc.noaa.gov
  Due to the escalating volume of e-mail and its associated transmission costs, each member of the ship's complement, crew and scientist, will be authorized to send/receive up to 15 KB of data per day ($1.50/day or $45/month) at no cost. E-mail costs accrued in excess of this amount must be reimbursed by the individual. At or near the end of each leg, the Commanding Officer will provide the Chief Scientist with a detailed billing statement for all personnel in his party. Prior to their departure, the chief scientist will be responsible for obtaining reimbursement from any member of the party whose e-mail costs have exceed the complimentary entitlement.
• Chief Scientist's email address is: milburn@pmel.noaa.gov.

PRE & POST-CRUISE MEETINGS

A pre-cruise meeting between the Commanding Officer and the Chief Scientist will be conducted either the day before or the day of departure, with the express purpose of identifying day-to-day project requirements, in order to best use shipboard resources and identify overtime needs. A brief post-cruise meeting will be held when convenient.

SCIENTIFIC BERTHING

The Chief Scientist is responsible for assigning berthing for scientific party within the spaces designated as scientific berthing. The ship will send current stateroom diagrams to PMEL Chief Scientist showing authorized berthing spaces. The Chief Scientist is responsible for returning the scientific berthing spaces back over to the ship in the condition in which they were received; for stripping bedding and linen return; and for the return of any room keys which were issued.

The Chief Scientist is also responsible for the cleanliness of the laboratory spaces and the storage areas utilized by the scientific party, both during the cruise and its conclusion prior to departing the ship.

In accordance with NC Instruction 5355.0, Controlled Substances Aboard NOAA Vessels dated 06 August 1985, all persons boarding NOAA vessels give implied consent to conform with all safety and security policies and regulations which are administered by the Commanding Officer. All spaces and equipment on the vessel are subject to inspection or search at any time.

MEDICAL FORMS AND EMERGENCY CONTACTS

The Chief Scientist will provide medical forms for all cruise participants as soon as practicable and no less than two weeks prior to departure. Forms must be provided to either the ship's medical officer or LCDR Tom Doss at AMC.

Prior to departure, the Chief Scientist must provide a listing of emergency contacts to the Executive Officer for all members of the scientific party, with the following information: name, address, relationship to member, and telephone number. WEATHER DECK SAFETY

Wearing open-toed footwear of any kind outside of private berthing areas (i.e. to and from showers) is not permitted onboard this ship. This shipboard safety regulation is included in the Commanding Officer's Standing Orders, and will be enforced. All members of the scientific party should be aware of this regulation before embarking.

WAGE MARINE DAYWORKER EMPLOYEE WORKING HOURS AND REST PERIODS

Chief Scientist shall be cognizant of the reduced capability of the RONALD H. BROWN's operating crew to support 24-hour mission activities with a high tempo of deck operations at all hours. Wage marine employees are subject to negotiated work rules contained in the applicable collective bargaining agreement. Dayworkers' hours of duty are a continuous eight-hour period, beginning no earlier than 0600 and ending no later than 1800. It is not permissible to separate such an employee's workday into several short work periods with interspersed nonwork periods. Dayworkers called out to work between the hours of 0000 and 0600 are entitled to a rest period of one hour for each such hour worked. Such rest periods begin at 0800 and will result in no dayworkers being available to support science operations until the rest period has been observed. All wage marine employees are supervised and assigned work only by the Commanding Officer or designee. The Chief Scientist and the Commanding Officer shall consult regularly to ensure that the shipboard resources available to support the embarked mission are utilized safely, efficiently and with due economy.

U.S. NAVY CLEARANCE

AMC Operations (AMC1x3) will contact US Navy activities SUBRON9 and COMSUBPAC and inform them of cruise activities in advance to determine if there are restrictions on planned cruise operations. AMC1x3 will alert the Chief Scientist and RONALD H. BROWN if ship operations need to be adjusted due to Navy restrictions. RECENT SHIP MODIFICATION

Projects using the bow and lab spaces should note new hull penetrators were installed in fwd Main lab and Bio Lab. However, these have special requirements for meeting ABS standards for fire/watertight seals. If projects wish to use these penetrators, please specify number of cables and/or sampling tubes, their diameters, whether connectors can be removed for stuffing, etc. Ship has a limited supply of packing/potting materials that are required for using these penetrators. Otherwise, stuffing tubes in aft lab bulkheads (Main lab, Hydro lab, and Wet lab) remain available.

NOTE: All DART moorings are comprised of a surface mooring and a nearby subsurface mooring.

I. Summary of Objectives

Continuous atmospheric and underway chemical measurements will be conducted while the ship is underway and on station. It is essential that the bridge notify the Chief Scientist if the ship's course will result in winds abaft the beam. The CTD/Rosette system will deployed along two short N-S and E-W transects near the NOPP mooring at 50 N, 145 W (see Appendix C).

One container van will be loaded aboard BROWN for this cruise. This container will act as laboratory van, and must be accessible at all times throughout the expedition. Compressed gas (non-flammable) cylinders will be used in ship's laboratories and laboratory van.

Points of contact:	Dr. Dick Feely	PMEL
Dr. Tommy Dickey	UCSB
Dr. Rik Wanninkhof	AOML
Dr. Francisco Chavez	MBARI
Dr. Robert Byrne	USF

II. Operations:
Underway sea surface measurements and air sampling (Scientific personnel):
Continuous water sampling will be made from the ship's bow intake system. Ship's personnel will maintain this pump and provide adequate spare parts. Care must be taken to prevent contamination from smoke, solvent fumes, cleaning solutions, etc. Continuous underway measurements of pCO2 will be made from the headspace equilibrator in the hydro lab utilizing a LICOR NDIR Analyzer. Continuous measurements of pH, DIC, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll will also be made.

Ship and scientific personnel must constantly be aware of potential sample contamination. Work activities forward of the main stack must be secured during sampling operations. This includes the bow, boat deck forward of the stack, bridge deck and flying bridge. The scientists on watch must be notified of any change in ship course or speed that will move the relative wind abaft the ship¡s beam or if anyone needs access to the bow.

Underway air measurements (Scientific personnel):
Air inlet cups will be mounted on the jackstaff as high off the deck as possible for collecting uncontaminated marine air. Air sampling lines will run from these inlets into the hydro lab.

Water column CTD/Rosette Casts (Ship's and scientific personnel):
A total of 29 CTD profiles will be conducted on Leg 2 in a spatial grid surrounding the NOPP mooring, and a suite of chemical analyses will be performed in order to validate autonomous sensors and assess small-scale variability. Sampling will include total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TAlk), chlorophyll, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), dissolved oxygen (O2), salinity and major nutrients. Twenty eight stations will be sampled with depths confined to the upper water column at the following nominal depths: Sfc, 25m, 50m, 75m, 100m, 150m, 200m, 300m, 400m and 500m. Beginning at the northern-most point at 51 N/145 W, 10 stations to 500m will be occupied to the center point of 50 N/145 W. At this location, the NOPP mooring will be deployed and a deep CTD station will be taken to b-50m.This cast will consist of 24 sampling depths, and will be as for the 500m casts, with the following nominal depths added: 750m, 1000m, 1250m, 1500m, 1750m, 2000m, 2250m, 2500m, 2750m, 3000m, 3250m, 3500m, 3750m and b-50m. The cruise track will resume with 10 stations to 500m to the southern-most point at 49 N/145 W. At that point, the cruise track will angle north-west to the western-most point of 50 N/146 W. Ten XBT¡s will be deployed along this line. At the western-most point, CTD stations to 500m will again be conducted proceeding east along 50 N to the eastern-most point of 50 N/144 W; whereupon, the cruise track will angle north-west back to the beginning point of 51 N/145 W; as before, 10 XBT¡s will be deployed. XBT¡s will also be deployed along the meridional CTD line at 6 locations. (See Appendix C for CTD/XBT locations.) A 24-position CTD package consisting of a frame, CTD, and rosette with 10L bottles will be used for CTD/rosette casts; this package and 10L bottles will be supplied by PMEL. In addition to this primary system, the ship¡s CTD package with PMEL¡s 10L water bottles will be available. Ship's rosette has been adjusted to accomodate 12 bottles (but still one less if pinger or fluorometer is deployed).

Scientific and ship's personnel will be responsible for the set-up, deployment and recovery of the CTD/rosette. Members of the scientific party will be responsible for samples collected from the CTD casts. Many of the chemical measurements are sensitive to contamination from soot, oils, solvents, spray cleaners, lubricants, paints, hydraulic fluid, and other substances. The Chief Scientist must be notified prior to the use of these substances. Care must be taken to avoid contamination of the rosette system with these substances.

Discharges from holding tanks must be secured 20 minutes before arriving on station. The tanks may be pumped when the cast is at depth (>200 meters). Discharges must again be secured 20 minutes before the CTD/rosette returns to the surface layer. THE BRIDGE MUST INFORM THE SHIP'S ENGINEERS IN ADVANCE WHEN DISCHARGES ARE TO BE SECURED.

The usual order for drawing seawater samples on deck will be: Oxygen, pCO2, DIC, alkalinity, nutrients, and salinity and will be done by scientific personnel. Samples will be collected for salinity, oxygen and nutrient analysis from each sample bottle at all stations. Samples will be collected for pCO2, DIC and Total Alkalinity from selected stations.

III. Chemical Analyses (Scientific and ship's personnel):
Oxygen, nutrients and salinity samples (Scientific and ship's personnel):
Samples drawn for oxygen and nutrients will be run on board ship by members of the scientific party. Refrigerator space will be required for nutrient sample storage prior to analysis. Nutrient measurements will be made using a AlpKem RFA system.An additional salinity sample will be drawn from the deepest bottle at each station to monitor the precision of the sampling/analysis procedures. The first sample will be run at sea, and the second run shore-side. In addition, salinity samples from the deep station at 145W 50N will be analyzed at sea by Survey, as well as other samples from selected stations as time permits. It is anticipated that not more than 20-30 salinity samples/day will be analyzed at sea by the Survey Technician. The Autosal will be standardized after no more than 30 samples with new vials of standard seawater. Thirty vials of standard will be provided for the project by PMC for use on this cruise. Any problems with the Autosal should be reported immediately to the Chief Scientist. 288 salinity sample bottles will be supplied by PMEL, and the remainder of the bottles used will be supplied by BROWN. Salinity sample bottles that are supplied by the BROWN will be analyzed first, to avoid the need to send them for shore-side analyses.

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity (TALK), and pCO2 (Scientific personnel):
The chemistry groups from AOML, PMEL, and SIO will make the DIC, pCO2, and TALK measurements at the hydrocast stations. DIC and TALK samples will be collected from the 10-L Niskin bottles into 500 ml glass-stoppered bottles containing 0.2 mL of a saturated solution of HgCl2 to retard bacterial oxidation of organic matter prior to analysis. DIC samples will be measured by the coulometric titration method and will be done in a temperature controlled van. Discrete pCO2 samples will be collected from the Niskins for analyses by IR. TALK samples will be measured by the potentiometric method.

IV. Equipment, capabilities and supplies provided by O-SCOPE project.

1. Chemical analysis instrumentation including gas chromatographs, equilibrators, oxygen titration system, autoanalyzer, coulometer, alkalinity titrator
2. Chemical reagents and compressed gases
3. 30 XBT's
4. Milli-Q system, and replacement parts
5. 300 salinity bottles
6. Sample bottles for oxygen, nutrients and carbon measurements
7. CO2 van (put aboard the ship in Honolulu, and removed in Seattle)
   Wt: 11000 lbs
   Size: 8' x 8' x 20'
   Power Input: 30 amps, 3 phase, 440v
   Location: Main Deck
   Fresh water and phone are required. RS232 port (if possible, to accomodate Macintosh for connection to ship's network - not critical)