Select from the following NASA centers to view citations of cutting-edge STI that was recently documented and archived. A link to the STI Order Form is also included with each citation.
NASA Headquarters
| + A High-Order, Linear Time-Invariant Model for Application to Higher Harmonic Control and Flight Control System Interaction |
| + NASA's Lunar Robotic Architecture Study |
Report Number: NASA/TP-2006-213460; A-0600010; AFDD/TR-04-005
Title (Incl. Subtitle): A High-Order, Linear Time-Invariant Model for Application to Higher Harmonic Control and Flight Control System Interaction
Publication Date: August 2006
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Cheng, Rendy P.; Tischler, Mark B.; Celi, Roberto
Author Affil.: Army Aviation Research and Development Command; Army Aviation Research and Development Command; Maryland Univ.
Abstract: This research describes a new methodology for the extraction of a high-order, linear time invariant model, which allows the periodicity of the helicopter response to be accurately captured. This model provides the needed level of dynamic fidelity to permit an analysis and optimization of the AFCS and HHC algorithms. The key results of this study indicate that the closed-loop HHC system has little influence on the AFCS or on the vehicle handling qualities, which indicates that the AFCS does not need modification to work with the HHC system. However, the results show that the vibration response to maneuvers must be considered during the HHC design process, and this leads to much higher required HHC loop crossover frequencies. This research also demonstrates that the transient vibration responses during maneuvers can be reduced by optimizing the closed-loop higher harmonic control algorithm using conventional control system analyses.
Price Code: A09
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Document ID (CASI): 20060051879
Financial Sponsor: NASA; Army Aviation and Missile Research Develoment Engineering Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2006-214067/VOL1
Title (Incl. Subtitle): NASA's Lunar Robotic Architecture Study
Publication Date: July 2006
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Mulville, Daniel R.
Author Affil.: NASA
Abstract: This report documents the findings and analysis of a 60-day agency-wide Lunar Robotic Architecture Study (LRAS) conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Work on this study began in January 2006. Its purpose was to: Define a lunar robotics architecture by addressing the following issues: 1) Do we need robotic missions at all? If so, why and under what conditions? 2) How would they be accomplished and at what cost? Are they within budget? 3) What are the minimum requirements? What is the minimum mission set? 4) Integrate these elements together to show a viable robotic architecture. 5) Establish a strategic framework for a lunar robotics program. The LRAS Final Report presents analysis and recommendations concerning potential approaches related to NASA s implementation of the President's Vision for Space Exploration. Project and contract requirements will likely be derived in part from the LRAS analysis and recommendations contained herein, but these do not represent a set of project or contract requirements and are not binding on the U.S. Government unless and until they are formally and expressly adopted as such. Details of any recommendations offered by the LRAS Final Report will be translated into implementation requirements. Moreover, the report represents the assessments and projects of the report s authors at the time it was prepared; it is anticipated that the concepts in this report will be analyzed further and refined. By the time some of the activities addressed in this report are implemented, certain assumptions on which the report s conclusions are based will likely evolve as a result of this analysis. Accordingly, NASA, and any entity under contract with NASA, should not use the information in this report for final project direction. Since the conclusion of this study, there have been various changes to the Agency's current portfolio of lunar robotic precursor activities. First, the Robotic Lunar Exploration Program (RLEP) has been renamed the Lunar Precursor and Robotic Program (LPRP). On May 17, 2006, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) was confirmed to enter its implementation phase. Last, a new low-cost secondary payload known as the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) was co-manifested to launch with LRO in 2008. These changes are consistent with the conclusions and recommendations of this study, but came too late to be specifically reflected in this report.
Price Code: A07
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Document ID (CASI): 20060047633
Financial Sponsor: NASA
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Ames Research Center
| + Automating CapCom Using Mobile Agents and Robotic Assistants |
| + The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Cognitive Performance: A Review of the Literature |
| + Preliminary Evaluation of an Aviation Safety Thesaurus' Utility for Enhancing Automated Processing of Incident Reports |
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-214554
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Automating CapCom Using Mobile Agents and Robotic Assistants
Publication Date: October 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Clancey, William J.; Sierhuis, Maarten; Alena, Richard L.; Graham, Jeffrey S.; Tyree, Kim S.; Hirsh, Robert L.; Garry, W. Brent; Semple, Abigail; Shum, Simon J. Buckingham; Shadbolt, Nigel; Rupert, Shannon M.
Author Affil.: NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Johnson Space Center; NASA Johnson Space Center; NASA Johnson Space Center; Buffalo Univ.; Buffalo Univ.; Open Univ.; Southampton Univ.; MiraCosta Coll.
Abstract: Mobile Agents (MA) is an advanced Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) communications and computing system to increase astronaut self-reliance and safety, reducing dependence on continuous monitoring and advising from mission control on Earth. MA is voice controlled and provides information verbally to the astronauts through programs called "personal agents." The system partly automates the role of CapCom in Apollo-including monitoring and managing navigation, scheduling, equipment deployment, telemetry, health tracking, and scientific data collection. Data are stored automatically in a shared database in the habitat/vehicle and mirrored to a site accessible by a remote science team. The program has been developed iteratively in authentic work contexts, including six years of ethnographic observation of field geology. Analog field experiments in Utah enabled empirically discovering requirements and testing alternative technologies and protocols. We report on the 2004 system configuration, experiments, and results, in which an EVA robotic assistant (ERA) followed geologists approximately 150 m through a winding, narrow canyon. On voice command, the ERA took photographs and panoramas and was directed to serve as a relay on the wireless network.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20070035904
Financial Sponsor: NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Glenn Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214555; A-070002
Title (Incl. Subtitle): The Effects of Blood Glucose Levels on Cognitive Performance: A Review of the Literature
Publication Date: June 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Feldman, Jolene; Barshi, Immanuel
Author Affil.: San Jose State Univ.; NASA Ames Research Center
Abstract: The purpose of this review paper is to discuss the research literature on the effects of blood glucose levels on executive and non-executive functions in humans. The review begins with a brief description of blood glucose, how it has been studied, previous syntheses of prior studies, and basic results regarding the role of blood glucose on cognitive functioning. The following sections describe work that investigated the effect of blood glucose on both non-executive and executive functions (e.g., sensory processing, psychomotor functioning, attention, vigilance, memory, language and communication, judgement and decision-making, and complex task performance). Within each section, summaries of the findings and challenges to the literature are included. Measurement conversions of blood glucose levels, blood glucose values, and associated symptoms are depicted. References to the types of tests used to investigate blood glucose and cognitive performance are provided. For more detailed descriptions of references within (and in addition to) this paper, an annotated bibliography is also provided. Several moderator variables including individual differences and contextual variables related to the effects of blood glucose levels on performance (e.g., age, gender, time of day, familiarity with the task and symptom awareness, expectancy effects, dose dependent effects, time dependent effects, task specific effects, rising and falling blood glucose levels, and speed and/or accuracy trade-offs) are addressed later in the paper. Some suggestions for future experimental methodologies are also made.
Price Code: A07
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Document ID (CASI): 20070031714
Financial Sponsor: NASA Ames Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214559
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Preliminary Evaluation of an Aviation Safety Thesaurus' Utility for Enhancing Automated Processing of Incident Reports
Publication Date: August 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Barrientos, Francesca; Castle, Joseph; McIntosh, Dawn; Srivastava, Ashok
Author Affil.: Research Inst. for Advanced Computer Science; Perot Systems Government Services; NASA Ames Research Center; NASA Ames Research Center
Abstract: This document presents a preliminary evaluation the utility of the FAA Safety Analytics Thesaurus (SAT) utility in enhancing automated document processing applications under development at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). Current development efforts at ARC are described, including overviews of the statistical machine learning techniques that have been investigated. An analysis of opportunities for applying thesaurus knowledge to improving algorithm performance is then presented.
Price Code: A02
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Document ID (CASI): 20070025054
Financial Sponsor: NASA Ames Research Center
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Dryden Flight Research Center
| + Design of a Mission Data Storage and Retrieval System for NASA Dryden Flight Research Center |
| + Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Build-up Ground Vibration Testing Approach |
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214631; H-2790; ITC-07-1062
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Design of a Mission Data Storage and Retrieval System for NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
Publication Date: December 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Lux, Jessica; Downing, Bob; Sheldon, Jack
Author Affil.: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center; Arcata Associates, Inc.; Arcata Associates, Inc.
Abstract: The Western Aeronautical Test Range (WATR) at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (DFRC) employs the WATR Integrated Next Generation System (WINGS) for the processing and display of aeronautical flight data. This report discusses the post-mission segment of the WINGS architecture. A team designed and implemented a system for the near- and long-term storage and distribution of mission data for flight projects at DFRC, providing the user with intelligent access to data. Discussed are the legacy system, an industry survey, system operational concept, high-level system features, and initial design efforts.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080001837
Financial Sponsor: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214625; H-2735
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Build-up Ground Vibration Testing Approach
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Spivey, Natalie D.; Herrera, Claudia Y.; Truax, Roger; Pak, Chan-gi; Freund, Donald
Author Affil.: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center; NASA Dryden Flight Research Center; NASA Dryden Flight Research Center; NASA Dryden Flight Research Center; Gulfstream Aerospace Corp.
Abstract: Flight tests of the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation s Quiet Spike(TradeMark) hardware were recently completed on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center F-15B airplane. NASA Dryden uses a modified F-15B (836) airplane as a testbed aircraft to cost-effectively fly flight research experiments that are typically mounted underneath the airplane, along the fuselage centerline. For the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment, instead of a centerline mounting, a forward-pointing boom was attached to the radar bulkhead of the airplane. The Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment is a stepping-stone to airframe structural morphing technologies designed to mitigate the sonic-boom strength of business jets flying over land. Prior to flying the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment on the F-15B airplane several ground vibration tests were required to understand the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) modal characteristics and coupling effects with the F-15B airplane. Because of flight hardware availability and compressed schedule requirements, a "traditional" ground vibration test of the mated F-15B Quiet Spike(TradeMark) ready-for-flight configuration did not leave sufficient time available for the finite element model update and flutter analyses before flight-testing. Therefore, a "nontraditional" ground vibration testing approach was taken. This report provides an overview of each phase of the "nontraditional" ground vibration testing completed for the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) project.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20070035085
Financial Sponsor: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center
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Glenn Research Center
| + Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment: A Proposed ISS Experiment |
| + Thermal Analysis on Plume Heating of the Main Engine on the Crew Exploration Vehicle Service Module |
| + Propulsion Controls and Diagnostics Research at NASA Glenn Research Center |
| + Notch Fatigue Strength of a PM Disk Superalloy |
| + Array Phase Shifters: Theory and Technology |
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214098; AIAA Paper-2006-0524; E-15433
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment: A Proposed ISS Experiment
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Hall, Nancy R.; Logsdon, Kirk A.; Magee, Kevin S.
Author Affil.: NASA Glenn Research Center; NASA Glenn Research Center; ZIN Technologies, Inc.
Abstract: The Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment (SHERE) is a proposed International Space Station (ISS) glovebox experiment designed to study the effect of preshear on the transient evolution of the microstructure and viscoelastic tensile stresses for monodisperse dilute polymer solutions. Collectively referred to as Boger fluids, these polymer solutions have become a popular choice for rheological studies of non-Newtonian fluids and are the non-Newtonian fluid used in this experiment. The SHERE hardware consists of the Rheometer, Camera Arm, Interface Box, Cabling, Keyboard, Tool Box, Fluid Modules, and Stowage Tray. Each component will be described in detail in this paper. In the area of space exploration, the development of in-situ fabrication and repair technology represents a critical element in evolution of autonomous exploration capability. SHERE has the capability to provide data for engineering design tools needed for polymer parts manufacturing systems to ensure their rheological properties have not been impacted in the variable gravity environment and this will be briefly addressed.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080002103
Financial Sponsor: NASA Glenn Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215049; TFAWS 07-1012; E-16260
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Thermal Analysis on Plume Heating of the Main Engine on the Crew Exploration Vehicle Service Module
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Wang, Xiao-Yen J.; Yuko, James R.
Author Affil.: NASA Glenn Research Center; NASA Glenn Research Center
Abstract: The crew exploration vehicle (CEV) service module (SM) main engine plume heating is analyzed using multiple numerical tools. The chemical equilibrium compositions and applications (CEA) code is used to compute the flow field inside the engine nozzle. The plume expansion into ambient atmosphere is simulated using an axisymmetric space-time conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) Euler code, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The thermal analysis including both convection and radiation heat transfers from the hot gas inside the engine nozzle and gas radiation from the plume is performed using Thermal Desktop. Three SM configurations, Lockheed Martin (LM) designed 604, 605, and 606 configurations, are considered. Design of multilayer insulation (MLI) for the stowed solar arrays, which is subject to plume heating from the main engine, among the passive thermal control system (PTCS), are proposed and validated.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080002105
Financial Sponsor: NASA Glenn Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215028; AIAA Paper-2007-5713; E-16221
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Propulsion Controls and Diagnostics Research at NASA Glenn Research Center
Publication Date: October 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Garg, Sanjay
Author Affil.: NASA Glenn Research Center
Abstract: With the increased emphasis on aircraft safety, enhanced performance and affordability, and the need to reduce the environmental impact of aircraft, there are many new challenges being faced by the designers of aircraft propulsion systems. Also the propulsion systems required to enable the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Vision for Space Exploration in an affordable manner will need to have high reliability, safety and autonomous operation capability. The Controls and Dynamics Branch (CDB) at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, Ohio, is leading and participating in various projects in partnership with other organizations within GRC and across NASA, the U.S. aerospace industry, and academia to develop advanced controls and health management technologies that will help meet these challenges through the concept of Intelligent Propulsion Systems. This paper describes the current activities of the CDB under the NASA Aeronautics Research and Exploration Systems Missions. The programmatic structure of the CDB activities is described along with a brief overview of each of the CDB tasks including research objectives, technical challenges, and recent accomplishments. These tasks include active control of propulsion system components, intelligent propulsion diagnostics and control for reliable fault identification and accommodation, distributed engine control, and investigations into unsteady propulsion systems.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080001454
Financial Sponsor: NASA Glenn Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215046; E-16259
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Notch Fatigue Strength of a PM Disk Superalloy
Publication Date: October 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Gayda, John; Gabb, Timothy P.; Telesman, Jack
Author Affil.: NASA Glenn Research Center; NASA Glenn Research Center; NASA Glenn Research Center
Abstract: New powder metallurgy (PM) disk superalloys, such as ME3, LSHR, and Alloy 10, have been developed in recent years which enable rim temperatures in turbine disk applications to approach 1300 F. Before these alloys can be utilized at 1300 F their long term durability must be ensured. One of the key requirements for disk rims is notch fatigue strength. This issue is extremely important and is a direct result of the blade attachment geometry employed at the disk rim. Further, the imposition of a dwell at maximum load, associated with take off and landing, can also affect notch fatigue strength. For these reasons a study has been undertaken to assess the notch dwell fatigue strength of a modern PM disk alloy through spin pit evaluation of a prototypical disk. The first element of this program involves screening potential heat treatments with respect to notch fatigue strength at 1300 F utilizing a conventional notch fatigue specimen with a stress concentration factor (K(sub t)) of 2 and a 90 sec dwell at peak load. The results of this effort are reported in this paper including the downselect of an optimal heat treatment, from a notch fatigue standpoint.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080001455
Financial Sponsor: NASA Glenn Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214906; E-16067
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Array Phase Shifters: Theory and Technology
Publication Date: October 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Romanofsky, Robert R.
Author Affil.: NASA Glenn Research Center
Abstract: While there are a myriad of applications for microwave phase shifters in instrumentation and metrology, power combining, amplifier linearization, and so on, the most prevalent use is in scanning phased-array antennas. And while this market continues to be dominated by military radar and tracking platforms, many commercial applications have emerged in the past decade or so. These new and potential applications span low-Earth-orbit (LEO) communications satellite constellations and collision warning radar, an aspect of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System or Automated Highway System. In any case, the phase shifters represent a considerable portion of the overall antenna cost, with some estimates approaching 40 percent for receive arrays. Ferrite phase shifters continue to be the workhorse in military-phased arrays, and while there have been advances in thin film ferrite devices, the review of this device technology in the previous edition of this book is still highly relevant. This chapter will focus on three types of phase shifters that have matured in the past decade: GaAs MESFET monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC), micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and thin film ferroelectric-based devices. A brief review of some novel devices including thin film ferrite phase shifters and superconducting switches for phase shifter applications will be provided. Finally, the effects of modulo 2 phase shift limitations, phase errors, and transient response on bit error rate degradation will be considered.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080001449
Financial Sponsor: NASA Glenn Research Center
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Goddard Space Flight Center
| + Prediction of Geomagnetic Activity and Key Parameters in High-Latitude Ionosphere-Basic Elements |
| + A Comprehensive Plan for the Long-Term Calibration and Validation of Oceanic Biogeochemical Satellite Data |
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-215079; M-1205
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Prediction of Geomagnetic Activity and Key Parameters in High-Latitude Ionosphere-Basic Elements
Publication Date: October 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Lyatsky, W.; Khazanov, G. V.
Author Affil.: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Inc.; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Abstract: Prediction of geomagnetic activity and related events in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere is an important task of the Space Weather program. Prediction reliability is dependent on the prediction method and elements included in the prediction scheme. Two main elements are a suitable geomagnetic activity index and coupling function -- the combination of solar wind parameters providing the best correlation between upstream solar wind data and geomagnetic activity. The appropriate choice of these two elements is imperative for any reliable prediction model. The purpose of this work was to elaborate on these two elements -- the appropriate geomagnetic activity index and the coupling function -- and investigate the opportunity to improve the reliability of the prediction of geomagnetic activity and other events in the Earth's magnetosphere. The new polar magnetic index of geomagnetic activity and the new version of the coupling function lead to a significant increase in the reliability of predicting the geomagnetic activity and some key parameters, such as cross-polar cap voltage and total Joule heating in high-latitude ionosphere, which play a very important role in the development of geomagnetic and other activity in the Earth s magnetosphere, and are widely used as key input parameters in modeling magnetospheric, ionospheric, and thermospheric processes.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080002296
Financial Sponsor: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Report Number: NASA/SP-2007-214152; Rept-2007-00805-0
Title (Incl. Subtitle): A Comprehensive Plan for the Long-Term Calibration and Validation of Oceanic Biogeochemical Satellite Data
Publication Date: July 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Hooker, Stanford B.; McClain, Charles R.; Mannino, Antonio
Author Affil.: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Abstract: The primary objective of this planning document is to establish a long-term capability and validating oceanic biogeochemical satellite data. It is a pragmatic solution to a practical problem based primarily o the lessons learned from prior satellite missions. All of the plan's elements are seen to be interdependent, so a horizontal organizational scheme is anticipated wherein the overall leadership comes from the NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry (OBB) Program Manager and the entire enterprise is split into two components of equal sature: calibration and validation plus satellite data processing. The detailed elements of the activity are based on the basic tasks of the two main components plus the current objectives of the Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Roadmap. The former is distinguished by an internal core set of responsibilities and the latter is facilitated through an external connecting-core ring of competed or contracted activities. The core elements for the calibration and validation component include a) publish protocols and performance metrics; b) verify uncertainty budgets; c) manage the development and evaluation of instrumentation; and d) coordinate international partnerships. The core elements for the satellite data processing component are e) process and reprocess multisensor data; f) acquire, distribute, and archive data products; and g) implement new data products. Both components have shared responsibilities for initializing and temporally monitoring satellite calibration. Connecting-core elements include (but are not restricted to) atmospheric correction and characterization, standards and traceability, instrument and analysis round robins, field campaigns and vicarious calibration sites, in situ database, bio-optical algorithm (and product) validation, satellite characterization and vicarious calibration, and image processing software. The plan also includes an accountability process, creating a Calibration and Validation Team (to help manage the activity), and a discussion of issues associated with the plan's scientific focus.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20070027283
Financial Sponsor: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory
| **** No Documents Available at This Time**** |
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Johnson Space Center
| + Evaluation of the Hard Upper Torso Shoulder Harness |
| + Airlock Retreat Metabolic Data Analysis |
| + Validation of the Pulmonary Function System for Use on the International Space Station |
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-214753; S-1003
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Evaluation of the Hard Upper Torso Shoulder Harness
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: DeWitt, John; Jones, Jeffrey
Author Affil.: Bergaila Engineering Services; NASA Johnson Space Center
Abstract: To determine how the use of a shoulder harness during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) training activities subjectively and objectively affects the likelihood of shoulder discomfort and injury by assessment of shoulder motion and subject comfort during task performance. Data were collected during two separate phases. In phase 1, video and verbal data were collected from subjects during inverted operations at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). Discomfort ratings were collected during shoulder maneuvers, and comments were recorded regarding subjective evaluations before, during, and after movements. In phase 2, sensors measured the load distribution and average pressure on the shoulders during simulated inversion in the laboratory. A force equal to the subjects body weight was placed on each subjects shoulders, and pressures were recorded during shoulder motions. During actual inversion in the NBL, subjects reported lower pain ratings while using the harness than without the harness. Subjects reported a sense of decreased shoulder range of motion while using the harness, although video records do not suggest that range of motion was affected. In general, subjects reported that the decreased sense of range of motion was the cost for the increased comfort. With both harness and no harness conditions, however, the reports of pain and discomfort were evident, suggesting that the harness may reduce discomfort, but not eliminate it.
Price Code: A04
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Document ID (CASI): 20080001614
Financial Sponsor: NASA Johnson Space Center
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-213737; S-995
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Airlock Retreat Metabolic Data Analysis
Publication Date: October 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Kuznetz, L. H.; Gernhardt, M.; Bue, Grant
Author Affil.: Universities Space Research Association; NASA Johnson Space Center; NASA Johnson Space Center
Abstract: This study, conducted on behalf of the EVA Physiology, Systems and Performance Project at NASA-JSC, was initiated to verify and correlate mathematical models used to predict the thermal limits of crewmembers practicing rescue techniques aboard the International Space Station (ISS) during Extravehicular Activity (EVA). While the impetus for this work came from excessive heat storage predictions by an existing EMU SINDA model, the resulting correlations and results have potential benefits for a wide range of safety-of-flight operations performed by astronauts during nominal and contingency operations.
Price Code: A07
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Document ID (CASI): 20070034734
Financial Sponsor: NASA Johnson Space Center
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-214756; S-1006
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Validation of the Pulmonary Function System for Use on the International Space Station
Publication Date: September 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: McCleary, Frank A.; Moore, Alan D., Jr.; Hagan, R. Donald
Author Affil.: Wyle Life Sciences, Inc.; Wyle Life Sciences, Inc.; NASA Johnson Space Center
Abstract: Aerobic deconditioning occurs during long-duration spaceflight despite the use of exercise countermeasures. As a part of International Space Station (ISS) medical operations, periodic tests designed to estimate aerobic capacity are performed prior to, during, and after missions of greater than 30 days in duration. These tests track changes in aerobic fitness and determine the effectiveness of exercise countermeasures. The purpose of this investigation was to compare exercise metabolic gas analysis measurements (including oxygen consumption) obtained by the Pulmonary Function System (PFS) to those collected using a reference metabolic gas analysis system: the ParvoMedics TrueOne 2400 system (ParvoMedics, Salt Lake City, UT). This system has been extensively validated and is currently utilized by the NASA's Exercise Physiology Laboratory for pre- and post-flight testing astronauts assigned to ISS flights. Laboratory evaluation of the PFS demonstrated that it provides similar results to those measured by the reference metabolic gas analysis system. It is recommended that the PFS be incorporated into the standard periodic fitness evaluation testing performed onboard the ISS.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20070031928
Financial Sponsor: NASA Johnson Space Center
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Kennedy Space Center
| + Center Director's Discretionary Fund 2005 Annual Report |
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-214731
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Center Director's Discretionary Fund 2005 Annual Report
Publication Date: 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Nurge, Mark; Griffin, Timothy; Arens, Ellen; Calle, Carlos; Quinn, Jacqueline; Wheeler, Raymond; Metzger, Phillip T.; Calle, Luz Marina; Beaver, Justin M.; Williams, Martha; Smith, Trent; Robertso, Luke; Clayton, LaNetra; Sager, John; Li, Wenyan; Monje, Oscar
Author Affil.: NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; NASA Kennedy Space Center; Dynamac Corp.
Abstract: The FY 2005 CDDF projects were selected from the following spaceport and range technology and science areas: fluid system technologies; spaceport structures and materials; command, control, and monitoring technologies; and biological sciences (including support for environmental stewardship). The FY 2005 CDDF research projects involved development of the following: a) Capacitance-based moisture sensors to optimize plant growth in reduced gravity; b) Commodity-free calibration methods; c) Application of atmospheric plasma glow discharge to alter the surface properties of polymers for improved electrostatic dissipation characteristics; d) A wipe-on, wipe-off chemical process to remove lead oxides found in paint; e) A robust metabolite profiling platform for better understanding the "law" of biological regulation; f) An explanation of the excavation processes that occur when a jet of gas impinges on a bed of sand; g) "Smart coatings" to detect and control corrosion at an early stage to prevent further corrosion h) A model that can produce a reliable diagnosis of the quality of a software product; i) The formulation of advanced materials to meet system safety needs to minimize electrostatic charges, flammability, and radiation exposure; j) A lab-based instrument that uses the electro-optic Pockels effect to make static electric fields visible; k) A passive volatile organic compound (VOC) cartridge to filter, identify, and quantify VOCs flowing into or emanating from plant flight experiments.
Price Code: A07
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Document ID (CASI): 20070031172
Financial Sponsor: NASA Kennedy Space Center
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Langley Research Center
| + The Naturalistic Flight Deck System: An Integrated System Concept for Improved Single-Pilot Operations |
| + Solving the AI Planning Plus Scheduling Problem Using Model Checking via Automatic Translation from the Abstract Plan Preparation Language (APPL) to the Symbolic Analysis Laboratory (SAL) |
| + The ANMLite Language and Logic for Specifying Planning Problems |
| + Refinement of Timoshenko Beam Theory for Composite and Sandwich Beams Using Zigzag Kinematics |
| + Assessing the Effects of Momentary Priming on Memory Retention During an Interference Task |
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215090; L-19285
Title (Incl. Subtitle): The Naturalistic Flight Deck System: An Integrated System Concept for Improved Single-Pilot Operations
Publication Date: December 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Schutte, Paul C.; Goodrich, Kenneth H.; Cox, David E.; Jackson, Bruce; Palmer, Michael T.; Pope, Alan T.; Schlecht, Robin W.; Tedjojuwono, Ken K.; Trujillo, Anna C.; Williams, Ralph A.; Kinney, J. Bryan; Barry, John S., Jr.
Author Affil.: NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; NASA Langley Research Center; Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc.; Christopher Newport Univ.; Lockheed Martin Engineering and Science Services
Abstract: This paper reviews current and emerging operational experiences, technologies, and human-machine interaction theories to develop an integrated flight system concept designed to increase the safety, reliability, and performance of single-pilot operations in an increasingly accommodating but stringent national airspace system. This concept, know as the Naturalistic Flight Deck (NFD), uses a form of human-centered automation known as complementary-automation (or complemation) to structure the relationship between the human operator and the aircraft as independent, collaborative agents having complimentary capabilities. The human provides commonsense knowledge, general intelligence, and creative thinking, while the machine contributes specialized intelligence and control, extreme vigilance, resistance to fatigue, and encyclopedic memory. To support the development of the NFD, an initial Concept of Operations has been created and selected normal and non-normal scenarios are presented in this document.
Price Code: A04
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Document ID (CASI): 20080001618
Financial Sponsor: NASA Langley Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215089; L-19395
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Solving the AI Planning Plus Scheduling Problem Using Model Checking via Automatic Translation from the Abstract Plan Preparation Language (APPL) to the Symbolic Analysis Laboratory (SAL)
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Butler, Ricky W.; Munoz, Cesar A.; Siminiceanu, Radu I.
Author Affil.: NASA Langley Research Center; National Inst. of Aerospace Associates; National Inst. of Aerospace Associates
Abstract: This paper describes a translator from a new planning language named the Abstract Plan Preparation Language (APPL) to the Symbolic Analysis Laboratory (SAL) model checker. This translator has been developed in support of the Spacecraft Autonomy for Vehicles and Habitats (SAVH) project sponsored by the Exploration Technology Development Program, which is seeking to mature autonomy technology for the vehicles and operations centers of Project Constellation.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080000874
Financial Sponsor: NASA Langley Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215088; L-19405
Title (Incl. Subtitle): The ANMLite Language and Logic for Specifying Planning Problems
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Butler, Ricky W.; Siminiceanu, Radu I.; Munoz, Cesar A.
Author Affil.: NASA Langley Research Center; National Inst. of Aerospace; National Inst. of Aerospace
Abstract: We present the basic concepts of the ANMLite planning language. We discuss various aspects of specifying a plan in terms of constraints and checking the existence of a solution with the help of a model checker. The constructs of the ANMLite language have been kept as simple as possible in order to reduce complexity and simplify the verification problem. We illustrate the language with a specification of the space shuttle crew activity model that was constructed under the Spacecraft Autonomy for Vehicles and Habitats (SAVH) project. The main purpose of this study was to explore the implications of choosing a robust logic behind the specification of constraints, rather than simply proposing a new planning language.
Price Code: A04
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Document ID (CASI): 20080000916
Financial Sponsor: NASA Langley Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-215086; L-19411
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Refinement of Timoshenko Beam Theory for Composite and Sandwich Beams Using Zigzag Kinematics
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Tessler, Alexander; DiSciuva, Marco; Gherlone, Marco
Author Affil.: NASA Langley Research Center; Politecnico di Turin; Politecnico di Turin
Abstract: A new refined theory for laminated-composite and sandwich beams that contains the kinematics of the Timoshenko Beam Theory as a proper baseline subset is presented. This variationally consistent theory is derived from the virtual work principle and employs a novel piecewise linear zigzag function that provides a more realistic representation of the deformation states of transverse shear flexible beams than other similar theories. This new zigzag function is unique in that it vanishes at the top and bottom bounding surfaces of a beam. The formulation does not enforce continuity of the transverse shear stress across the beam s cross-section, yet is robust. Two major shortcomings that are inherent in the previous zigzag theories, shear-force inconsistency and difficulties in simulating clamped boundary conditions, and that have greatly limited the utility of these previous theories are discussed in detail. An approach that has successfully resolved these shortcomings is presented herein. This new theory can be readily extended to plate and shell structures, and should be useful for obtaining accurate estimates of structural response of laminated composites.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20070035078
Financial Sponsor: NASA Langley Research Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214318; L-19210; LAR-172220-1
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Assessing the Effects of Momentary Priming on Memory Retention During an Interference Task
Publication Date: November 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Schutte, Paul C.
Author Affil.: NASA Langley Research Center
Abstract: A memory aid, that used brief (33ms) presentations of previously learned information (target words), was assessed on its ability to reinforce memory for target words while the subject was performing an interference task. The interference task required subjects to learn new words and thus interfered with their memory of the target words. The brief presentation (momentary memory priming) was hypothesized to refresh the subjects memory of the target words. 143 subjects, in a within subject design, were given a 33ms presentation of the target memory words during the interference task in a treatment condition and a blank 33ms presentation in the control condition. The primary dependent measure, memory loss over the interference trial, was not significantly different between the two conditions. The memory prime did not appear to hinder the subjects performance on the interference task. This paper describes the experiment and the results along with suggestions for future research.
Price Code: A04
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Document ID (CASI): 20070036660
Financial Sponsor: NASA Langley Research Center
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Marshall Space Flight Center
| + Powdered Magnesium-Carbon Dioxide Rocket Combustion Technology for In Situ Mars Propulsion |
| + Study of Radiographic Linear Indications and Subsequent Microstructural Features in Gas Tungsten Arc Welds of Inconel 718 |
| + A One-Piece Lunar Regolith Bag Garage Prototype |
| + Capillary Liquid Acquisition Device Heat Entrapment |
| + Living Together in Space: The International Space Station Internal Active Thermal Control System Issues and Solutions-Sustaining Engineering Activities at the Marshall Space Flight Center From 1998 to 2005 |
Report Number: NASA/TP-2007-215077; M-1203
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Powdered Magnesium-Carbon Dioxide Rocket Combustion Technology for In Situ Mars Propulsion
Publication Date: September 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Foote, J. P.; Litchford, R. J.
Author Affil.: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Abstract: Powdered magnesium (Mg) carbon dioxide (CO2) combustion is examined as a potential in situ propellant combination for Mars propulsion. Although this particular combination has relatively low performance in comparison to traditional bipropellants, it remains attractive as a potential basis for future martian mobility systems, since it could be partially or wholly manufactured from indigenous planetary resources. As a means of achieving high mobility during long-duration Mars exploration missions, the poorer performing in situ combination can, in fact, become a superior alternative to conventional storable propellants, which would need to be entirely transported from Earth. Thus, the engineering aspects of powdered metal combustion devices are discussed including transport/injection of compacted powder, ignition, combustion efficiency, combustion stability, dilution effects, lean burn limits, and slag formation issues. It is suggested that these technological issues could be effectively addressed through a multiphase research and development effort beginning with basic feasibility tests using an existing dump configured atmospheric pressure burner. Follow-on phases would involve the development and testing of a pressurized research combustor and technology demonstration tests of a prototypical rocket configuration.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080002287
Financial Sponsor: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215075; M-1201
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Study of Radiographic Linear Indications and Subsequent Microstructural Features in Gas Tungsten Arc Welds of Inconel 718
Publication Date: September 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Walley, J. L.; Nunes, A. C.; Clounch, J. L.; Russell, C. K.
Author Affil.: Universities Space Research Association; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Abstract: This study presents examples and considerations for differentiating linear radiographic indications produced by gas tungsten arc welds in a 0.05-in-thick sheet of Inconel 718. A series of welds with different structural features, including the enigma indications and other defect indications such as lack of fusion and penetration, were produced, radiographed, and examined metallographically. The enigma indications were produced by a large columnar grain running along the center of the weld nugget occurring when the weld speed was reduced sufficiently below nominal. Examples of respective indications, including the effect of changing the x-ray source location, are presented as an aid to differentiation. Enigma, nominal, and hot-weld specimens were tensile tested to demonstrate the harmlessness of the enigma indication. Statistical analysis showed that there is no difference between the strengths of these three weld conditions.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080002286
Financial Sponsor: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215073; M-1199
Title (Incl. Subtitle): A One-Piece Lunar Regolith Bag Garage Prototype
Publication Date: September 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Smithers, G. A.; Nehls, M. K.; Hovater, M. A.; Evans, S. W.; Miller, J. S.; Broughton, R. M., Jr.; Beale, D.; Kilinc-Balci, F.
Author Affil.: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; Qualis Corp.; Auburn Univ.; Auburn Univ.; Auburn Univ.
Abstract: Shelter structures on the moon, even in early phases of exploration, should incorporate lunar materials as much as possible. This Technical Memorandum details the design and construction of a prototype for a one-piece regolith bag unpressurized garage concept and a materials testing program to investigate six candidate fabrics to learn how they might perform in the lunar environment. The conceptualization was that a lightweight fabric form be launched from Earth and landed on the lunar surface to be robotically filled with raw lunar regolith. Regolith bag fabric candidates included: Vectran(TM), Nextel(TM), Gore PTFE Fabric(TM), Zylon(TM), Twaron(TM), and Nomex(TM). Tensile (including post radiation exposure), fold, abrasion, and hypervelocity impact testing were performed under ambient conditions, and also performed under cold and elevated temperatures. In some cases, Johnson Space Center lunar simulant (JSC-1) was used in conjunction with testing. A series of preliminary structures was constructed during final prototype design based on the principles of the classic masonry arch. The prototype was constructed of Kevlar(TM) and filled with vermiculite. The structure is free-standing, but has not yet been load tested. Future plans would be to construct higher fidelity prototypes and to conduct appropriate tests of the structure.
Price Code: A05
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Document ID (CASI): 20080000853
Financial Sponsor: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-215074; M-1200
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Capillary Liquid Acquisition Device Heat Entrapment
Publication Date: September 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Bolshinskiy, L. G.; Hastings, L. J.; Statham, G.; Turpin, J. B.
Author Affil.: Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.; Alpha Technology; Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Abstract: Cryogenic liquid acquisition devices (LADs) for space-based propulsion interface directly with the feed system, which can be a significant heat leak source. Further, the accumulation of thermal energy within LAD channels can lead to the loss of subcooled propellant conditions and result in feed system cavitation during propellant outflow. Therefore, the fundamental question addressed by this program was: To what degree is natural convection in a cryogenic liquid constrained by the capillary screen meshes envisioned for LADs? Testing was first conducted with water as the test fluid, followed by LN2 tests. In either case, the basic experimental approach was to heat the bottom of a cylindrical column of test fluid to establish stratification patterns measured by temperature sensors located above and below a horizontal screen barrier position. Experimentation was performed without barriers, with screens, and with a solid barrier. The two screen meshes tested were those typically used by LAD designers, 200x1400 and 325x2300, both with Twill Dutch Weave. Upon consideration of both the water and LN2 data, it was concluded that heat transfer across the screen meshes was dependent upon barrier thermal conductivity and that the capillary screen meshes were impervious to natural convection currents.
Price Code: A03
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Document ID (CASI): 20080000854
Financial Sponsor: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
Report Number: NASA/TM-2007-214964; M-1193
Title (Incl. Subtitle): Living Together in Space: The International Space Station Internal Active Thermal Control System Issues and Solutions-Sustaining Engineering Activities at the Marshall Space Flight Center From 1998 to 2005
Publication Date: June 2007
Authorized Users: Publicly available
Author: Wieland, P. O.; Roman, M. C.; Miller, L.
Author Affil.: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; NASA Marshall Space Flight Center; Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.
Abstract: On board the International Space Station, heat generated by the crew and equipment is removed by the internal active thermal control system to maintain a comfortable working environment and prevent equipment overheating. Test facilities simulating the internal active thermal control system (IATCS) were constructed at the Marshall Space Flight Center as part of the sustaining engineering activities to address concerns related to operational issues, equipment capability, and reliability. A full-scale functional simulator of the Destiny lab module IATCS was constructed and activated prior to launch of Destiny in 2001. This facility simulates the flow and thermal characteristics of the flight system and has a similar control interface. A subscale simulator was built, and activated in 2000, with special attention to materials and proportions of wetted surfaces to address issues related to changes in fluid chemistry, material corrosion, and microbial activity. The flight issues that have arisen and the tests performed using the simulator facilities are discussed in detail. In addition, other test facilities at the MSFC have been used to perform specific tests related to IATCS issues. Future testing is discussed as well as potential modifications to the simulators to enhance their utility.
Price Code: A13
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Document ID (CASI): 20080000781
Financial Sponsor: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center
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Stennis Space Center
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Wallops Flight Center
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