Enter the ordinary dividends from Form 1099-DIV (PDF), box 1a, on line 9a of Form 1040 (PDF), U.S. Individual Income Tax Return. Enter any qualified dividends from Form 1099-DIV, box 1b, on line 9b of Form 1040. If you have an amount entered in other boxes of your 1099-DIV refer to Form 1040, Schedule D Instructions to see where to report them. If your only capital gains and losses are from capital gain distributions, refer to Form 1040 Instructions.

Yes, you report the sale of your shares on Form 1040, Schedule D (PDF), Capital Gains and Losses. Generally, whenever you sell, exchange, or otherwise dispose of a capital asset, you report it on Schedule D.

If the share price were constant, you would have neither a gain nor a loss when you sell shares because you are selling the shares for the same price you purchased them.

If you actually owned shares that were later sold, the fund or the broker should have issued a Form 1099-B. That form is issued without regard to whether there is a gain or loss on the sale. It reports a sale or exchange of an investment asset and sales proceeds.

References:

• Publication 564, Mutual Fund Distributions

A return of principal (or return of capital) reduces your basis in your mutual fund shares. Unlike a dividend or a capital gain distribution, a return of capital is a return of part of your investment (cost). However, basis cannot be reduced below zero. Once your basis reaches zero, any return of principal is capital gain and must be reported on Form 1040 Schedule D (PDF), Capital Gains and Losses.

References:

• Publication 564, Mutual Fund Distributions

In order to figure your gain or loss using an average basis, you must have acquired the shares at various times and prices and have left them on deposit in an account handled by a custodian or agent who maintains an account for the acquisition or redemption of these shares.

There are two average basis methods:

• Single-category method, and
• Double-category method.

Single-category method. First, add up the cost of all the shares you own in the mutual fund. Divide that result by the total number of shares you own. This gives you your average per share. Multiply that number by the number of shares sold.

Double-category method. First, divide your shares into two categories, long-term and short-term. Shares held for 1 year or less are short-term. Shares held for more than 1 year are long-term. Then use the steps above to get an average basis for each category. The average basis for that category is then the basis of each share in the sale from that category.

Once you elect to use an average basis method, you must continue to use it for all accounts in the same fund. You must clearly identify on your tax return the average basis method that you have elected to use. You do this identification by including "AVGB" in column (a) of Form 1040, Schedule D (PDF), Capital Gains and Losses.

Refer to Publication 564, Mutual Fund Distributions.

No, you may use a different method, for shares in a different mutual fund. However, once you have elected to use an average basis method to compute the gain or loss on shares in a mutual fund, you must use that same method for the sale of shares from any account in that same fund.

References:

• Publication 564, Mutual Fund Distributions

If your mutual fund splits, or adjusts its price, it is treated like a stock split. Your total basis doesn't change after the split, but since you now own more shares without paying any more money, your per-share basis will decrease. To calculate your per-share basis, divide the total cost that you have invested in the fund (minus any shares previously sold) by the current number of shares that you hold.

References:

• Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses

A mutual fund is a regulated investment company that pools funds of investors allowing them to take advantage of a diversity of investments and professional asset management. You own shares in the fund, but the fund owns assets such as shares of stock, corporate bonds, government obligations, etc. One of the ways the fund makes money for its investors is to sell these assets at a gain. If the asset was held by the mutual fund for more than one year, the nature of the income is capital gain, which gets passed on to you. These are called capital gain distributions, which are distinguished on Form 1099-DIV (PDF), from income that is from other profits, called ordinary dividends.

Capital gains distribution are taxed as long term capital gains regardless of how long you have owned the shares in the mutual fund. If your capital gains distribution is automatically reinvested, the reinvested amount is the basis of the additional shares purchased.

References:

• Publication 564, Mutual Fund Distributions