EIA - Analysis of Petroleum Prices

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Analysis of Petroleum Prices


	2008

		Refinery Investments and Future Market Incentives Presentation given at the Platts 2nd Annual Refining Marktets Conference that explored three major factors affecting incentives for refiners to invest in bottoms upgrading or expansion capacity – demand, light-heavy price differentials, and margins. (Presentation, 10/7/2008)

		Next Stop for Oil Prices: $100 or $150? This presentation provides an analysis of the various factors behind a six year, six-folding in oil prices and the market conditions likely to either accelerate that rise or result in a significant downturn. (Presentation, 6/30/2008)

		Insights into Spring 2008 Gasoline Prices Gasoline prices rose rapidly in spring 2007 due a variety of factors, including refinery outages and lower than expected imports. This report explores those factors and looks at the implications for 2008. (Feature Article, 4/4/2008)

		A Comparison of EIA-782 Petroleum Product Price and Volume Data with Other Sources This article compares annual average prices reported from the EIA-782 survey series for residential No. 2 distillate, on-highway diesel fuel, retail regular motor gasoline, refiner No. 2 fuel oil for resale, refiner No. 2 diesel fuel for resale, refiner regular motor gasoline for resale, and refiner kerosene-type jet fuel for resale with annual average prices reported by other sources. In terms of volume, it compares EIA-782C Prime Supplier annual volumes for motor gasoline (all grades), distillate fuel oil, kerosene-type jet fuel and residual fuel oil with annual volumes from other sources. (Feature Article, 2/29/2008)


	2007

		A Comparison of EIA-782 Petroleum Product Price and Volume Data with Other Sources This article compares annual average wholesale and retail prices and volumes reported from the EIA-782 survey series with the values from the EIA-821, EIA-878, and EIA-888 surveys, Petroleum Supply Annual, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) CPI and PPI, OPIS (Oil Price Information Service), and Federal Highway Administration. (Feature Article, 6/01/2007)

		Are Refiners Entering a Golden Age or a Short Cycle? A presentation exploring the factors driving higher prices, margins, and light-heavy price differentials in today's market, and what these observations may imply about future profitability in the refining industry. (Presentation, 4/19/2007)

		Trends and Transitions in the Diesel Market A presentation at the 2007 NPRA Annual Meeting focusing on trends in the diesel market. The presentation reviews the status of the ULSD program and highlights recent changes and trends in the distillate market that point towards continued strength in diesel prices relative to gasoline for some time. (Presentation, 3/19/2007)


	2006

		Ethanol, Gasoline, and Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel Supply Issues in 2006 Presentation at the 2006 State Heating Oil and Propane Program Conference in North Falmouth, Massachusetts, discussing the impact of changing product specifications on U.S. gasoline and diesel fuel supply. (Presentation, 8/7/06)

		EIA Outlook for U.S. Heating Fuels This presentation at the 2006 State Heating Oil and Propane Program Conference in North Falmouth, Massachusetts, outlined EIA's current forecast for U.S. crude oil, distillate, propane and gasoline supply, demand, and markets over the coming winter season. (Presentation, 8/7/06)

		Eliminating MTBE in Gasoline in 2006 A review of the market implications resulting from the rapid change from MTBE- to ethanol-blended RFG on the East Coast and in Texas. Strains in ethanol supply and distribution will increase the potential for price volatility in these regions this summer. (Feature Article, 2/22/2006)


	2005

		Oil Markets After the Hurricanes: Reversion to the Mean or Return to Recent Trend? This presentation focuses on the impacts Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma will have on oil markets (supply, demand, stocks, and imports) in the fourth quarter of 2005 and into 2006. The presentation looks examines whether oil markets are likely to return to much lower prices (the long term average) or continue the trend of high oil prices seen over the last couple of years. (Presentation, 12/14/2005)

		A Primer on Gasoline Prices (Brochure, 11/16/2005)

		Distillate in Depth – The Supply, Demand, and Price Picture The presentation provides background on distillate supply and demand, and then focuses on how hurricanes Katrina and Rita impact on refining capacity might affect winter fuels. (Presentation, 10/12/2005)

		Can U.S. Supply Accommodate Shifts to Diesel-Fueled Light-Duty Vehicles? The presentation explores if diesel-fueled light-duty vehicle growth in the U.S. might be large enough to create refinery constraints that would hinder that growth. (Presentation, 10/12/2005)

		Regional Comparisons, Spatial Aggregation, and Asymmetry of Price Pass-Through in U.S. Gasoline Markets This article, reprinted from The Atlantic Economic Journal (June 2005), investigated spot to retail price pass-through behavior of the U.S. gasoline at the national and regional levels, using weekly wholesale and retail motor gasoline prices from January 2000 to the present. (Feature Article, 8/3/2005)

		Energy Policy Forum to Discuss "Possible Solutions to High Gas Prices" EIA representatives participated in two Energy Policy Forums sponsored by Congressman Jim Gerlach in Pennsylvania on July 6 and 7, 2005. EIA's presentation covered trends, underlying factors, and EIA's outlook for retail gasoline prices. (Presentation, 7/13/2005)

		California Gasoline Price Study EIA testifies in local Congressional hearing on what has been driving up gasoline prices in 2004 and 2005, focusing particularly on California where the hearing was held. (Presentation, 5/10/2005)

		2004: Sign of the Future for Refiners? A presentation to the NPRA Annual Meeting discussing the major factors that drove petroleum prices, price differentials, and margins in 2004, and what this might mean for refiners as we look towards the future. (Presentation, 3/14/2005)

		Petroleum and Natural Gas Outlook A presentation to the National Association of State Energy Officials 2005 Energy Outlook Conference, in Washington, DC, on February 17, 2005, giving EIA’s outlook for petroleum and natural gas supply, demand, and prices. (Presentation, 2/18/2005)

		Petroleum Supply and Market Outlook A presentation to the 7th Annual International Airport Operations/Jet Fuel Conference, in Orlando, Florida, on February 3, 2005, giving EIA’s outlook for petroleum supply and prices, with particular attention to jet fuel. (Presentation, 2/9/2005)


	2004

		Propane Prices: What Consumers Should Know - PDF Format (Brochure, 11/8/2004)

		Meeting U.S. Transportation Fuel Demand This presentation outlines some of the issues and challenges ahead for gasoline supply in the United States, with a particular look at international refining and factors affecting gasoline imports. (Presentation, 10/20/2004)

		World Petroleum Market Changes and Impact on U.S. This presentation was given at the Oil Price Information Service National Supply Summit by Joanne Shore and John Hackworth. It covers the world oil market changes and the impact on domestic outlook for petroleum supply. (Presentation, 10/12/2004)


	2003

		2003 California Gasoline Price Study This is the final report to Congressman Ose describing the factors driving California's spring 2003 gasoline price spike and the subsequent price increases in June and August. (Publication, 12/5/2003)

		Inquiry into August 2003 Gasoline Price Spike This report, prepared at the request of Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham, examines the factors behind the sharp increases in gasoline prices that occurred throughout the United States in August 2003. (Publication, 12/02/2003)

		Propane Prices: What Consumers Should Know (Brochure, 10/23/2003)

		Preparations for Meeting New York and Connecticut MTBE Bans In response to a Congressional request, EIA examined the progress being made to meet the bans on the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) being implemented in New York and Connecticut at the end of 2003. (Publication, 10/15/2003)

		Why Events Overseas Matter to Gasoline Retailers and Consumers Attempts to explain how changes in the global supply and demand of crude oil can affect retail gasoline prices in various parts of the country. It does this by exploring 3 recent gasoline price spikes: Spring 2001, March 2003, and August 2003. The presentation compares and contrasts these price spikes in order to give the audience an understanding of the various reasons behind gasoline price increases. (Presentation, 10/11/2003)

		Impact of the Venezuelan Crude Oil Production Loss Looks back at how U.S. refiners responded to the loss of heavy Venezuelan crude oil when a strike in December 2002 stopped production and export of this crude stream. (Feature Article, 9/25/2003)

		Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook This PowerPoint presentation provides an early look at the crude oil, heating oil, and propane market outlooks for the winter of 2003/04. It was given at the 2003 State Heating Oil and Propane Program Conference held in Asheville, NC on August 11, 2003. (Presentation, 8/19/2003)

		Outlook for Natural Gas and Petroleum This presentation by Guy Caruso, Administrator of the Energy Information Administration, addresses current market conditions for crude oil, petroleum products, and natural gas and the short-term outlook for these commodities. Inventories of crude oil, distillate fuel oil, propane, and natural gas are all below recent averages and a number of uncertainties exist relating to prices, supplies, and consumption for the next winter. (Presentation, 8/5/2003)

		2003 California Gasoline Price Study: Preliminary Findings This report reviews preliminary findings on factors driving the California gasoline price surge in Spring 2003. (Publication, 5/9/2003)

		Effects of Feed Quality and Product Specification Changes on Refined Product Supply The presentation explores the implications that future feedstock changes and product specification changes may have on refined product supply. (Presentation, 3/27/2003)

		Elasticity of Demand for Relative Petroleum Inventory in the Short Run This paper, reprinted from The Atlantic Economic Journal (Mar, 2003), describes the results of a study of the demand for crude oil inventories in a number of OECD countries and country groups. The study demonstrated both theoretically and empirically that the short-run relative demand for inventory is negatively related to price. The empirical results suggest that the demand for crude oil inventories in the G7 countries is much less elastic than that of the non-G7 OECD countries in the short-run. (Feature Article, 3/25/2003)

		Residential Heating Oil Prices: What Consumers Should Know (Brochure, 3/14/2003)

		Forecasting Crude Oil Spot Price Using OECD Petroleum Inventory Levels This paper (reprinted from the International Advances in Economic Research (Nov, 2002) describes a simple model to forecast West Texas Intermediate crude oil spot prices. This short-term monthly forecasting model uses only lagged relative OECD petroleum inventories as the explanatory variable. Since petroleum inventories are a measure of balance between production and demand, the paper develops the concept of relative inventories and shows how they can be used to develop crude oil spot price forecasts. (Feature Article, 3/6/2003)

		Gasoline Price Pass-through This article describes and updates EIA's analysis of wholesale-to-retail price passthrough in U.S. gasoline markets, and presents a simple model of the lags from changes in weekly average spot prices to those in retail prices at the regional level. This analysis builds on previous similar work performed with both gasoline and diesel fuel prices. (Feature Article, 1/14/2003)


	2002

		Supply Impact of Losing MTBE and Using Ethanol States are moving to ban MTBE, which will increase demand for ethanol and reduce refiners ability to produce reformulated gasoline. Making these changes is complex, and the transition period could find consumers facing price volatility. (Presentation, 10/24/2002)

		Financial News for Major Energy Companies This report reviews recent financial peformance of major U.S. oil and gas companies. Data presented are for January through March 2000. (Publication, 10/12/2001)

		Financial News for Independent Energy Companies Reviews recent financial performance of independent U.S. oil and gas companies. Data presented are for October through December 2001. The next update, for January through March 2002, will be released in June 2002. (Publication, 10/12/2001)

		Derivatives and Risk Management in the Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Electricity Industries This report provides energy policymakers with information for their assessment of the merits of derivatives for managing risk in energy industries. It also indicates how policy decisions that affect energy markets can limit or enhance the usefulness of derivatives as tools for risk management. (Publication, 10/2002)

		Refining Challenges: Changing Crude Oil Quality & Product Specifications This PowerPoint presentation will focus on the challenges refiners face in the near- to mid-term as they prepare for upcoming product specification changes, and what that may mean for their choices of crude oil feedstocks. (Presentation, 9/30/2002)

		Diesel Fuel Price Pass-through This article describes EIA's analysis of wholesale-to-retail price passthrough in U.S. diesel fuel markets, and presents a simple model of the lags from changes in weekly average spot prices to retail prices at the regional level. This analysis follows from previous similar work performed with gasoline prices. (Feature Article, 7/31/2002)

		Petroleum Chronology of Events 1970 - 2000 (Publication, 5/3/2002)

		Summer 2002 Motor Gasoline Outlook (Feature Article, 4/10/2002)

		Petroleum Outlook: Increased Inter-PADD Movements Expected This presentation explores the need for more inter-PADD movements of production over the next 5 years. An MTBE ban could increase the need for product movements even more than a the case in which MTBE continues to be used. (Presentation, 4/9/2002)

		Availability of Gasoline Imports in the Short to Mid Term: U.S. Perspective Analyzes changes in gasoline markets, both here in the United States and abroad, that might affect the availability of gasoline imports between now and 2007. This includes changes in gasoline specifications both here and in other countries that supply imported gasoline, as well as growing demand in these countries. (Presentation, 3/19/2002)

		Petroleum Outlook 2002: On the Road to Pamplona A presentation to the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association Annual Meeting, discussing EIA's outlook for global and U.S. petroleum supply, demand, and prices. Specific attention is paid to the impact of recent and expected actions by OPEC and other oil exporting countries, and to the outlook for gasoline markets during the coming peak summer driving season. (Presentation, 3/18/2002)

		Impact of Renewable Fuels Standard/MTBE Provisions of S. 1766 This service report addresses the Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS)/methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) provisions of S. 1766. The “S. 1766” Case reflects provisions of S. 1766 including a renewable fuels standard (RFS) reaching five billion gallons by 2012, a complete phase-out of MTBE within four years, and the option for States to waive the oxygen requirement for reformulated gasoline (RFG). (Publication, 3/12/2002)

		The Effects of the Alaska Oil and Natural Gas Provisions of H.R. 4 and S. 1766 on U.S. Energy Markets Addresses the Alaskan oil and natural gas provisions of H.R. 4 and S. 1766. The estimated effects of the provision in H.R. 4 proposing crude oil production in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and of the provision in S. 1766 concerning the construction of a pipeline bringing Alaskan natural gas to the Lower 48 States are presented. (Publication, 3/12/2002)

		Analysis of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFÉ) Standards for Light Trucks and Increased Alternative Fuel Use Assesses the impacts of more stringent corporate average fuel economy standards on energy supply, demand, and prices, macroeconomic variables where feasible, import dependence, and emissions. This study addresses the provisions of H.R. 4, S. 804, and S. 517 that pertain to light vehicle fuel economy in the transportation sector. A qualitative discussion is provided for the alternative fuels provisions included in S. 1766 and H.R. 4. (Publication, 3/12/2002)

		Jet Fuel Supply/Price Outlook: Fueling the Recovery A presentation to the 4th International Jet Fuel Conference, giving EIA’s perspective on the outlook for petroleum supply and prices, with particular attention to the coming recovery in both the U.S. economy and the airline industry, and the longer-term adequacy of jet fuel supply. (Presentation, 2/11/2002)


	2001

		Why Are Gasoline Prices Falling So Rapidly? U.S. retail gasoline prices have fallen nearly 48 cents from mid-May to late October 2001, led by a 60-cent decline in the Midwest. This article addresses the reasons for this rapid drop in prices, including regional differences, and the possible outlook for the near future. (Feature Article, 11/29/2001)

		Restructuring: The Changing Face of Motor Gasoline Marketing Reviews the U.S. motor gasoline marketing industry during the period 1990 to 1999, focusing on changes that occurred during the period. The report incorporates financial and operating data from the Energy Information Administration's Financial Reporting System (FRS), motor gasoline outlet counts collected by the National Petroleum News from the States, and U.S. Census Bureau salary and employment data published in County Business Patterns. (Publication, 11/8/2001)

		Oil Market Assessment An assessment of the oil market as of September 12, 2001, the day after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, DC. Based on Energy Information Administration (EIA) contacts and trade press reports, overall U.S. and global oil supplies appear to have been minimally impacted. (Feature Article, 9/14/2001)

		Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook This PowerPoint presentation provides an early look at the crude oil, heating oil, and propane market outlooks for the winter of 2001/02. It was given by Doug MacIntyre at the 2001 State Heating Oil and Propane Program Conference held in Wilmington, DE on August 13, 2001. (Presentation, 8/13/2001)

		Factors Impacting Gasoline Prices and Areas for Further Study Presentation by Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 8/10/2001)

		Electricity Shortage in California: Issues for Petroleum and Natural Gas Supply Addresses the potential impact of rotating electrical outages on petroleum product and natural gas supply in California. The analysis is presented in five parts, covering electricity, petroleum refineries, refinery outside services, the historical response of market prices to refinery disruptions, and natural gas. (Publications, 6/18/2001)

		U.S. Gasoline Supply and Prices in the Summer of 2001 EIA testimony outlining the factors that are affecting gasoline prices this summer. Also discusses the impact OPEC production decisions and the recent cutoff of Iraqi exports may have on U.S. product markets this year. (Presentation, 6/14/2001)

		What Factors Are Affecting Gasoline And Natural Gas Markets? Testimony before the Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality. (Presentation, 5/15/2001)

		Gasoline Prices: What is Happening? Presentation by Douglas MacIntyre and Joanne Shore, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 5/10/2001)

		The Transition to Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel: Effects on Prices and Supply (Publication, 5/9/2001)

		Why Is West Coast Gasoline So Expensive? Testimony on current gasoline prices as well as the unique situations on the West Coast with regard to prices. (Presentation, 4/25/2001)

		EIA's Testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality Committee on Energy and Commerce Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 3/30/2001)

		Petroleum Outlook: More Volatility? Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 3/19/2001)

		Oil Market Basics An overview of oil markets and how they function. (Publication, 3/1/2001)

		NASEO Energy Outlook Conference Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 2/26/2001)

		Propane - A Mid-Heating Season Assessment This report will analyze some of the factors leading up to the rapid increase in propane demand and subsequent deterioration in supply that propelled propane prices to record high levels during December and early January. (Feature Article, 1/29/2001)

		Presentation for National Governors' Association Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 1/26/2001)

		Summary Short-Term Petroleum and Natural Gas Outlook Presentation from Energy Information Administration. (Presentation, 1/12/2001)

		December 2000 Short-Term Energy Outlook Presentation by Acting Administrator Mark J. Mazur, Energy Information Administration. (Presentation, 12/18/2000)

		Regional Energy Profile Forum on Energy Preparedness Presentation by Alice Lippert and Douglas MacIntyre, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 12/1/2000)


	2000

		PPMCSA Presentation on Winter Distillate Outlook Presentation by Joanne Shore, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 9/15/2000)

		Winter Fuels Market Assessment 2000 Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 9/14/2000)

		Winter Distillate and Propane Outlook Presentation by Joanne Shore, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 9/7/2000, HTML, Power Point)

		Crude Oil Market Outlook Presentation by Douglas MacIntyre, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 9/7/2000)

		Supply of Chicago/Milwaukee Gasoline Spring 2000 Presentation by Joanne Shore, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 8/9/2000)

		Propane Market Status Report Presentation by Alice Lippert, Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 7/27/2000)

		Winter Distillate and Natural Gas Outlook Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 7/27/2000)

		EIA's Senate Testimony About Rising Crude Oil and Gasoline Prices Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 7/13/2000)

		EIA's Senate Testimony About Rising Crude Oil and Gasoline Prices Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 6/29/2000)

		A Year of Volatility:Oil Markets and Gasoline Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 6/21/2000)

		The Northeast Heating Fuel Market: Assessment and Options Examines the feasibility and impacts of converting factories and other major users of heating oil to different fuels and discusses other options that may mitigate future heating oil supply problems in the Northeast. (Publication, 5/24/2000)

		Potential Oil Production from the Coastal Plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Updated Assessment Product of the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Reserves and Production Division. EIA, under various programs, has assessed foreign and domestic oil and gas resources, reserves, and production potential. (Publication, 5/22/2000)

		Summer 2000 Motor Gasoline Outlook The annual Motor Gasoline Assessment provides an analysis of the dominant factors shaping the supply (production, stocks, imports) and price of the product for the upcoming summer season of peak demand. (Publication, 5/17/2000)

		Fuel Oil Use in Manufacturing Manufactures have reduced their consumption of fuel oil as a fuel source between 1974 and 1994. (Publication, 5/15/2000)

		Update: Increased Potential for Gasoline Price Spikes--Spring & Summer Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 4/18/2000)

		U. S. Distillate Market Update EIA Administrator Jay E. Hakes (Presentation, 4/7/2000)

		EIA's House of Representatives Testimony About Rising Heating Oil, Diesel, and Gasoline Prices Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 3/9/2000)

		Myth About Second Quarter Crude Oil Prices Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 3/9/2000)

		Why Are Heating Oil Prices Spiking in the Northeast Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 3/6/2000)

		EIA's Senate Testimony About Rising Heating Oil, Diesel, and Gasoline Prices Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 2/24/2000)

		U.S. Distillate Market Testimony for New York Assembly Hearing Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 2/4/2000)

		Impact of Interruptible Natural Gas Service on Northeast Heating Oil Demand This report was undertaken to assess the relationship between interruptible gas service contracts and heating oil demand in the Northeast during the winter of 1999-2000. (Publication, 1/2001)


	1999

		1999-2000 Winter Fuels Outlook Extract from the Short-Term Energy Outlook October 1999, which analyzes demand, supply and prices of natural gas, heating oil and propane in the coming winter season. (Feature Article, 10/20/1999)

		Petroleum: An Energy Profile 1999 This report explains in laymen's terms the major components and operations of the U.S. petroleum industry that include: petroleum products, resources and reserves, drilling and exploration, refining, storage and transportation, imports, exports, and petroleum marketing. (Publication, 7/29/1999)

		EIA's Petroleum Data and Web Site Energy Information Administration Midwest Workshop, May 20-21, 1999. (Presentation, 6/8/1999)

		Demand and Price Outlook for Phase 2 Reformulated Gasoline, 2000 Phase 2 of the U.S. reformulated gasoline program begins at the end of this year. This article, published in the Petroleum Supply Monthly, April 1999, provides a forecast and analysis of the demand and price for Phase 2 reformulated gasoline for the year 2000. (Feature Article, 5/19/1999)

		High Propane Stocks: Structural Change or Cycle - OPIS NGL Supply Summit Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas. (Presentation, 5/17/1999)

		Price Changes in the Gasoline Market This report examines one aspect of the often asked question of "why do retail gasoline prices seem to rise more quickly than they fall?" The report ascribes the finding of retail price pattern asymmetry to be the result of normal lagged retail market responses to wholesale and spot price changes. (Publication, 2/1999)


	1998

		1998-99 Winter Fuels Outlook Extract from the Short-Term Energy Outlook October 1998, which analyzes demand, supply and prices of natural gas, heating oil and propane in the coming winter season. (Feature Article, 10/20/1998)

		Winter Fuels Outlook - EIA/NASEO Winter Fuels Conference Categories: Prices, Production & Processing, Imports/Exports & Movements, Stocks, Consumption/Sales; (Presentation, 10/8/1998, Power Point, PDF)

		El Paso Gasoline Prices A presentation by Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas, at a public meeting hosted by Congressman Silvestre Reyes in El Paso, Texas, on September 3, 1998. The purpose of the meeting was to discuss gasoline prices in the El Paso area, and the factors influencing global, national, and regional petroleum markets. The EIA presentation reviews factors affecting gasoline prices in El Paso and other markets in the United States, and the reasons behind differences in prices between markets. (Presentation, 9/2/1998)

		California Crude Oil Prices A presentation by Dr. John S. Cook, Director of the Petroleum Division in EIA's Office of Oil and Gas, at a joint workshop sponsored by the Department of Energy and the California Independent Petroleum Association (CIPA) in Bakersfield, California, on June 2, 1998. The purpose of the workshop was to examine the factors behind an apparent widening, in recent months, of the differential between California heavy crude oil prices and those of other world crude streams. The EIA presentation reviews factors affecting California and other world oil markets over the past several years, concentrating on the differentials between light and heavy crude oil streams. (Presentation, 6/2/1998)

		Assessment of Summer 1997 Motor Gasoline Price Increase Assesses the 1997 late summer gasoline market and some of the important issues surrounding that event. (Publication, 5/1998)


	1997

		Propane Market Assessment for Winter 1997-1998 Major components of propane supply and demand in the United States and their status entering the 1997-1998 heating season. (Feature Article, 12/1997)

		A Contrast Between Distillate Fuel Oil Markets in Autumn 1996 and 1997 Differences between conditions in the fall of 1996, when markets were very tight, and at the beginning of the heating season in 1997-1998. (Feature Article, 12/1997)

		The Impact of Environmental Compliance Costs on U.S. Refining Profitability Effects of environmental compliance costs on U.S. refining profitability in the 1990's for major energy companies. (Publication, 10/1997)

		Petroleum 1996: Issues and Trends Analyses of a broad spectrum of petroleum markets, ranging from oil field prices to pump prices at local gasoline stations. (Publication, 9/15/1997)

		Motor Gasoline Assessment, Spring 1997 Factors causing the run up of motor gasoline prices during Spring 1996 and the market decline during Spring 1997. (Publication, 7/1997)

		An Analysis of U.S. Propane Markets, Winter 1996-97 Examination of propane supply, demand, and price developments and trends. (Publication, 6/1997)


	1996

		An Analysis of Gasoline Markets, Spring 1996 The factors causing the run up of motor gasoline prices during spring 1996. (Publication, 6/1996)

		Oil Production Capacity Expansion Costs for the Persian Gulf - XLS Spreadsheet Model Cost of expanding oil production capacity for the Persian Gulf based on geologic plays and fields rather than country-level economics. (Publication, 1/1996)


	1995

		U.S. Oil and Gas Development in the United States in the Early 1990's Growing prominence of smaller energy companies in U.S. oil and gas production, including factors related to investment strategy, resource development cost, cost of capital, and characteristics of independents who survived the 1986 oil price collapse. (Publication, 10/1995)


	1993

		International Oil and Gas Exploration and Development 1991 Compilation of country-level data and assessment of regional trends relating to upstream aspects of global oil and gas supply. (Publication, 11/1993)


	1989

		A Review of Valdez Oil Spill Market Impacts (Feature Article, 3/1989)

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