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What is PedNSS/PNSS? - What is PedNSS?
What data are collected and analyzed?
Data Items
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Data Items Collected |
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Demographic
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Clinic, county, date of birth, date of visit, race/ethnicity, sex, zip code ,
household income, migrant status, and source of data |
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Anthropometry |
birthweight, length/height, and weight |
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Anemia |
hemoglobin and hematocrit |
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Infant feeding practices |
breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exlusivity |
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Health Risk Behaviors |
TV/Video viewing, smokin gin the household |
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- Demographic data collected by PedNSS include race or ethnicity, sex,
migrant status, household income (where indicated), and zip code.
- Data collected to assess nutritional status include weight,
length/height, and hemoglobin or hematocrit measurements. Weight,
stature, and length are commonly used to assess the size and growth of
children.
- Data on birthweight and breastfeeding status are collected on
children from birth to two years of age.
- Health risk behavior data includes tv/video viewing and household
smoking.
Anthropometry
When any of these measures are combined with age, the result is an
anthropometric index (e.g. weight-for-age). Body Mass Index (BMI) is an
anthropometric index of weight and height that is defined as body weight
in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (wt/ht2). BMI is the commonly
accepted index for classifying adiposity in adults and it is recommended
for use with children and adolescents over 2 years of age. BMI-for-age is
used in place of weight-for-stature to identify children who are
underweight, at risk of overweight, and overweight. Anthropometric indices
defined by age-and gender- specific percentile cutoff values using the CDC
2000 growth charts are used to assess the nutritional status of children
and identify those that are of short stature, underweight, at risk of
overweight and overweight.
Anthropometric Indices and Nutritional
Status Indicators |
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Anthropometric Index
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Percentile Cut Off Value
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Nutritional Status Indicators
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Children Birth to 20 years of age
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Stature/length-for-age
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< 5th Percentile
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Short stature
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Children Birth to
2 years of age
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Weight-for-length
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> 95th Percentile
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Overweight
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< 5th Percentile
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Underweight
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Children 2 to 20
years of age
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BMI-for-Age
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> 95th Percentile
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Overweight
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> 85th and < 95th
Percentile
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At risk of overweight
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< 5th Percentile
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Underweight
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Anemia
Anemia, a low hemoglobin concentration or low hematocrit
level, is defined by age-and gender specific cutoff values on the 5th percentile
from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for a healthy
population (CDC, 1998) [link to MMWR for values]. Anemia is routinely assessed
in children as an indicator of iron deficiency, the most common micronutrient
deficiency.
A description and rationale for collecting each health indicator is discussed in
the section on
PedNSS Health
Indicators.
Data Collection Procedures and Data Dissemination
Data is collected at the clinic level then aggregated at the state level and
submitted to CDC for analysis.
PedNSS Data Flow Chart
When multiple visit records are submitted for a child
during the reporting period, CDC creates a unique child record following
specific selection criteria that may contain some data from all available
records. The CDC then calculates the nutrition-related indices and sends
each contributor agency a series of annual tables that summarize the
nutritional status and infant feeding practices by age of child and
race/ethnicity. The national PedNSS tables are included in the Pediatric
Data Tables section.
How is the unique child
record created?
PedNSS Data Quality
CDC evaluates the completeness and quality of the data submitted from
contributors and provides them with a data quality report. The report details
missing and miscoded data, Biologically Implausible Values (BIVs) as well as
other data quality problems. In addition, data quality parameters have been
developed for each data item based on a variety of statistical measures
including expected data distributions, standard deviation, and z-scores.
Contributor data must meet specific data quality and completeness criteria to be
included in the national PedNSS report.
Limitations of the PedNSS Data
PedNSS is a public health surveillance system based on data routinely
collected from several federally funded public health programs serving
low-income children. Contributors voluntarily participate in PedNSS. Not all
contributors for a specific public health program participate in PedNSS. For
example, not all states, U.S. territories, and tribal agencies that provide WIC
services participate in PedNSS. Therefore, the national PedNSS report is not
representative of all WIC programs. Similarly, PedNSS is not representative of
all low-income children or children in the general population. It is
representative of the population served by the public health program submitting
the surveillance data. It is essential data for use in planning, implementing,
monitoring, and evaluating the nutritional status of children served by a
specific public health program.
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