BTS | Table 1-64: Travel Time Index

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Table 1-64: Travel Time Index

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Population group	Urban area	1982	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	Points change Short-term 1998-2003		Points change Long-term 1982-2003
Population group	Urban area	1982	1985	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	Points	Rank^a	Points	Rank^a
Medium	Akron, OH	1.02	1.02	1.04	1.05	1.05	(R) 1.06	1.07	1.06	1.09	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.10	1.10	1.09	1.09	-2	76	7	67
Medium	Albany-Schenectady, NY	(R) 1.02	1.02	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.08	3	32	6	70
Medium	Albuquerque, NM	1.04	1.06	1.10	1.11	1.13	1.14	1.18	1.21	1.23	1.24	1.26	(R) 1.24	(R) 1.21	(R) 1.20	(R) 1.17	1.17	-9	85	13	46
Medium	Allentown-Bethlehem, PA-NJ	1.06	1.08	1.11	1.12	1.11	1.12	1.13	1.13	(R) 1.15	1.15	1.15	(R) 1.14	(R) 1.15	(R) 1.15	1.15	1.14	-1	70	8	62
Small	Anchorage, AK	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.04	1.03	1.04	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.05	1	54	1	84
Very large	Atlanta, GA	1.08	1.11	1.14	1.13	1.14	1.18	1.24	1.26	1.29	1.31	1.34	1.32	1.35	(R) 1.40	1.42	1.46	12	2	38	3
Medium	Austin, TX	1.08	1.10	1.12	1.13	1.12	1.14	1.17	1.20	1.23	1.26	1.24	1.26	1.26	1.30	1.31	1.33	9	9	25	19
Small	Bakersfield, CA	1.01	1.01	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.07	1	54	6	70
Large	Baltimore, MD	1.07	1.10	1.21	1.20	1.19	1.20	1.22	1.24	1.24	1.26	1.25	1.26	1.27	1.30	(R) 1.35	1.37	12	2	30	13
Small	Beaumont, TX	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.05	1.06	1.07	1.07	2	42	4	78
Medium	Birmingham, AL	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.10	1.11	1.12	1.13	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.17	2	42	12	50
Very large	Boston, MA-NH-RI	(R) 1.10	(R) 1.14	(R) 1.21	(R) 1.22	(R) 1.25	(R) 1.26	(R) 1.27	(R) 1.25	(R) 1.26	(R) 1.29	(R) 1.30	(R) 1.29	(R) 1.30	(R) 1.30	(R) 1.35	1.34	4	25	24	22
Small	Boulder, CO	1.02	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.07	(R) 1.07	1.08	1.09	(R) 1.08	1.09	1.08	1	54	6	70
Medium	Bridgeport-Stamford, CT-NY	1.05	1.08	(R) 1.12	1.13	1.15	1.15	1.17	1.19	1.18	1.21	1.24	1.28	1.27	(R) 1.27	(R) 1.30	1.29	5	20	24	22
Small	Brownsville, TX	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.07	1.07	1.08	1.08	1.07	1.06	-1	70	4	78
Large	Buffalo, NY	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.07	1.08	1.08	1.08	1.10	5	20	7	67
Small	Cape Coral, FL	1.04	1.05	1.09	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.12	1.12	1.13	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.17	1.18	4	25	14	39
Small	Charleston-North Charleston, SC	1.08	1.10	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.15	1.14	1.14	1.13	1.15	1.17	1.17	1.18	1.17	1.18	1.20	3	32	12	50
Medium	Charlotte, NC-SC	1.07	1.12	1.16	1.18	1.19	1.17	1.16	1.17	1.19	1.23	1.23	1.24	1.26	1.26	1.31	1.31	8	11	24	22
Very large	Chicago, IL-IN	1.18	1.27	1.36	1.35	1.35	1.34	1.33	1.38	1.44	1.43	1.47	1.47	1.44	1.47	1.54	1.57	10	8	39	2
Large	Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN	1.04	1.06	1.12	1.12	1.15	1.15	1.18	1.18	1.20	1.22	1.22	(R) 1.21	(R) 1.23	(R) 1.22	(R) 1.22	1.22	0	63	18	32
Large	Cleveland, OH	1.02	1.02	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.10	1.13	1.15	1.17	1.15	1.15	1.13	1.12	1.10	1.09	-6	83	7	67
Small	Colorado Springs, CO	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.07	1.08	1.10	1.11	(R) 1.13	(R) 1.16	1.18	(R) 1.21	(R) 1.22	(R) 1.21	1.19	3	32	17	33
Small	Columbia, SC	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	(R) 1.05	1.05	1.05	1.06	2	42	3	81
Large	Columbus, OH	1.03	1.04	1.10	1.11	1.13	1.14	1.17	1.18	1.20	(R) 1.21	(R) 1.21	1.22	1.19	1.18	(R) 1.19	1.19	-2	76	16	35
Small	Corpus Christi, TX	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.05	1.04	1.05	1.04	1.05	1	54	2	82
Very large	Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX	1.07	1.12	1.18	1.19	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.21	1.22	(R) 1.24	(R) 1.27	1.31	(R) 1.32	(R) 1.33	(R) 1.35	1.36	9	9	29	16
Medium	Dayton, OH	1.03	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.10	1.11	1.12	1.12	(R) 1.12	(R) 1.12	(R) 1.10	(R) 1.09	1.08	-4	81	5	76
Large	Denver-Aurora, CO	1.10	1.13	1.17	1.19	1.21	1.24	1.24	1.30	1.33	1.37	1.39	1.38	(R) 1.41	(R) 1.45	1.40	1.40	1	54	30	13
Very large	Detroit, MI	1.12	1.13	1.28	1.29	1.34	1.36	1.33	1.32	1.33	1.35	1.36	1.35	1.33	1.35	1.36	1.38	2	42	26	17
Medium	El Paso, TX-NM	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.05	1.07	1.07	1.09	1.08	1.07	1.09	1.10	1.14	1.16	1.17	(R) 1.17	1.17	7	14	15	37
Small	Eugene, OR	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.09	1.12	1.11	1.10	1.11	4	25	9	56
Medium	Fresno, CA	1.05	1.05	1.13	1.13	1.13	1.12	1.11	1.13	1.13	1.16	1.18	1.20	1.19	1.16	1.15	1.14	-4	81	9	56
Medium	Grand Rapids, MI	1.03	1.03	1.07	1.07	1.09	1.11	1.11	1.10	1.11	1.12	(R) 1.16	1.15	1.14	(R) 1.13	(R) 1.13	1.14	-2	76	11	52
Medium	Hartford, CT	(R) 1.03	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.08	1.07	1.07	1.08	(R) 1.08	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.11	1.12	1.12	1.11	0	63	8	62
Medium	Honolulu, HI	1.10	1.12	1.21	1.20	1.22	1.21	1.22	1.23	1.23	1.20	1.21	1.21	1.19	1.19	1.18	1.19	-2	76	9	56
Very large	Houston, TX	1.28	1.39	1.31	1.25	(R) 1.23	1.24	(R) 1.27	(R) 1.28	(R) 1.32	(R) 1.35	(R) 1.34	(R) 1.37	1.36	(R) 1.38	(R) 1.41	1.42	8	11	14	39
Large	Indianapolis, IN	1.03	1.03	1.06	1.08	1.10	1.16	1.20	1.22	1.25	1.26	1.22	1.23	1.24	(R) 1.26	1.24	1.24	2	42	21	26
Medium	Jacksonville, FL	1.04	1.05	1.11	1.12	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.18	1.17	1.16	1.14	1.14	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.18	4	25	14	39
Large	Kansas City, MO-KS	1.01	1.02	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.07	1.06	1.08	1.09	1.09	1.11	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.11	2	42	10	54
Small	Laredo, TX	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.07	1.08	1.07	1.08	1	54	5	76
Large	Las Vegas, NV	1.07	1.10	1.23	1.25	1.24	1.24	1.28	1.27	1.30	1.33	1.33	1.34	1.34	1.35	(R) 1.36	1.39	6	16	32	9
Small	Little Rock, AK	1.02	1.02	1.02	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.05	1.07	1.06	1.06	1	54	4	78
Very large	Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA	1.30	1.35	1.80	1.79	1.76	1.73	1.64	1.72	1.78	1.77	1.83	1.80	1.76	(R) 1.78	1.77	1.75	-8	84	45	1
Medium	Louisville, KY-IN	1.09	1.09	1.08	1.10	1.13	1.15	1.16	1.16	1.19	1.21	1.22	1.24	(R) 1.23	1.22	1.24	1.24	2	42	15	37
Medium	Memphis, TN-MS-AR	1.03	1.04	1.09	1.09	1.11	1.11	1.14	1.17	1.18	(R) 1.19	(R) 1.19	1.19	(R) 1.19	(R) 1.20	1.22	1.22	3	32	19	28
Very Large	Miami, FL	1.09	1.11	1.20	1.21	1.26	1.26	1.26	1.28	1.29	1.30	1.31	1.34	1.35	1.37	1.40	1.42	11	6	33	5
Large	Milwaukee, WI	1.05	1.07	1.12	1.12	1.15	1.17	1.16	1.19	1.20	1.20	1.22	1.25	(R) 1.24	(R) 1.23	(R) 1.23	1.21	-1	70	16	35
Large	Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN	1.03	1.06	1.12	1.12	1.14	1.16	1.20	1.22	1.23	1.30	1.32	1.35	1.32	1.34	1.34	1.34	2	42	31	11
Medium	Nashville-Davidson, TN	1.07	1.08	1.09	1.08	1.08	1.09	1.12	1.13	1.14	1.16	1.15	(R) 1.17	1.18	(R) 1.17	1.19	1.18	3	32	11	52
Medium	New Haven, CT	1.03	(R) 1.03	(R) 1.05	(R) 1.05	1.07	1.08	1.09	1.09	1.07	1.09	1.12	1.13	1.14	(R) 1.15	1.14	1.13	1	54	10	54
Large	New Orleans, LA	1.10	1.14	1.16	1.19	1.18	1.16	1.20	1.20	1.20	1.19	1.19	1.20	1.18	1.17	1.18	1.19	0	63	9	56
Very large	New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT	1.13	1.16	1.31	1.28	1.27	1.28	1.31	1.33	1.34	1.36	1.36	1.40	1.38	1.38	1.40	1.39	3	32	26	17
Large	Oklahoma City, OK	1.02	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.06	1.07	1.09	1.09	1.11	1.09	1.10	1.11	1.10	1	54	8	62
Medium	Omaha, NE-IA	1.04	1.06	1.09	1.10	1.11	1.10	1.12	1.12	1.14	1.13	1.14	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.17	1.18	4	25	14	39
Large	Orlando, FL	1.09	1.15	1.16	1.19	1.19	1.21	1.20	1.21	1.22	1.24	1.27	1.27	1.28	(R) 1.30	(R) 1.31	1.30	3	32	21	26
Medium	Oxnard-Ventura, CA	1.04	1.07	1.10	1.09	1.10	1.10	1.14	1.15	1.16	1.14	(R) 1.15	1.19	1.19	1.21	(R) 1.21	1.23	8	11	19	28
Small	Pensacola, FL-AL	1.03	1.04	1.08	1.09	1.09	1.11	1.10	1.11	1.10	1.12	1.12	1.12	1.14	1.12	1.12	1.12	0	63	9	56
Very large	Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD	1.13	1.14	1.19	1.20	1.22	1.20	1.21	(R) 1.24	(R) 1.27	(R) 1.27	1.33	(R) 1.33	(R) 1.31	1.35	1.35	1.32	-1	70	19	28
Very large	Phoenix, AZ	1.13	1.15	1.22	1.24	1.27	1.27	1.28	1.24	1.30	1.33	1.31	1.38	1.38	1.40	1.35	1.35	4	25	22	25
Large	Pittsburgh, PA	1.08	1.09	1.10	1.09	1.09	1.09	1.09	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.11	1.12	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.10	-1	70	2	82
Large	Portland, OR-WA	1.05	1.07	1.16	1.17	1.20	1.24	1.25	1.28	1.31	1.35	1.34	1.37	1.37	1.39	1.38	1.37	3	32	32	9
Large	Providence, RI-MA	1.05	1.06	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.12	1.14	(R) 1.12	1.13	1.14	1.15	(R) 1.15	(R) 1.18	1.19	6	16	14	39
Medium	Raleigh-Durham, NC	1.05	1.07	(R) 1.11	1.09	(R) 1.11	1.12	1.13	1.14	1.13	1.15	1.15	(R) 1.14	1.16	1.19	1.18	1.19	4	25	14	39
Medium	Richmond, VA	1.03	1.03	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.11	1.11	(R) 1.09	1.09	1.09	1.07	1.07	1.08	1.09	0	63	6	70
Large	Riverside-San Bernardino, CA	1.04	1.08	1.24	1.27	1.29	1.27	1.23	1.26	1.28	1.27	1.31	1.33	1.33	1.32	(R) 1.34	1.37	6	16	33	5
Medium	Rochester, NY	1.01	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.07	2	42	6	70
Large	Sacramento, CA	1.07	1.09	1.20	1.20	1.18	1.19	1.22	1.21	1.24	1.23	(R) 1.25	(R) 1.27	(R) 1.29	(R) 1.32	(R) 1.34	1.37	12	2	30	13
Small	Salem, OR	1.02	1.02	1.04	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.07	1.06	1.07	1.07	1.08	1.08	1.08	1.09	1.11	1.11	3	32	9	56
Medium	Salt Lake City, UT	1.03	1.05	1.08	1.10	1.13	1.13	1.15	1.17	1.17	1.15	1.16	1.17	1.18	(R) 1.23	(R) 1.26	1.28	12	2	25	19
Large	San Antonio, TX	1.05	1.08	1.07	1.07	1.08	1.07	1.08	1.12	1.12	1.13	1.16	1.22	1.24	1.22	1.23	1.22	6	16	17	33
Large	San Diego, CA	1.06	1.09	1.24	1.22	1.23	1.22	1.22	1.22	1.23	1.25	1.26	1.32	1.32	1.32	(R) 1.40	1.41	15	1	35	4
Very large	San Francisco-Oakland, CA	1.21	1.36	1.50	1.42	1.41	1.44	1.40	1.45	1.45	1.42	1.47	1.49	1.54	1.54	1.55	1.54	7	14	33	5
Large	San Jose, CA	1.18	1.30	1.44	1.41	1.34	1.34	1.33	1.34	1.33	1.30	1.34	1.39	1.42	1.43	1.39	1.37	3	32	19	28
Medium	Sarasota-Bradenton, FL	1.12	1.12	1.14	1.16	1.16	1.18	1.19	(R) 1.16	1.19	1.19	1.20	1.24	1.22	1.22	1.25	1.25	5	20	13	46
Large	Seattle, WA	1.07	1.13	1.29	1.33	(R) 1.35	1.35	1.34	1.36	1.36	1.40	1.39	(R) 1.40	1.35	1.35	(R) 1.36	1.38	-1	70	31	11
Small	Spokane, WA	1.02	1.03	1.04	1.04	1.05	1.08	1.08	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.08	1.08	1.08	1.07	1.07	1.08	0	63	6	70
Medium	Springfield, MA-CT	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.05	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.06	1.07	1.07	1.06	1.07	1.06	0	63	1	84
Large	St. Louis, MO-IL	1.09	1.12	1.12	1.12	1.14	1.18	1.19	1.21	1.21	1.24	(R) 1.24	(R) 1.25	1.25	(R) 1.23	1.24	1.22	-2	76	13	46
Large	Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL	1.19	1.21	1.26	1.29	1.29	1.30	1.32	1.32	1.31	1.29	1.28	1.29	1.27	1.31	1.31	1.33	5	20	14	39
Medium	Toledo, OH-MI	1.02	1.02	1.03	1.03	1.03	1.04	1.05	1.06	1.06	(R) 1.07	1.08	1.09	1.10	1.11	1.11	1.10	2	42	8	62
Medium	Tucson, AZ	1.06	1.06	1.11	1.13	1.13	1.14	1.15	1.15	1.15	1.19	(R) 1.20	(R) 1.20	1.19	(R) 1.22	(R) 1.28	1.31	11	6	25	19
Medium	Tulsa, OK	1.02	1.03	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.05	1.06	1.07	1.08	(R) 1.08	1.09	(R) 1.10	(R) 1.10	(R) 1.10	1.10	2	42	8	62
Large	Virginia Beach, VA	1.08	1.11	1.14	1.14	1.14	1.13	1.15	1.16	1.18	1.18	1.19	1.19	1.16	1.18	(R) 1.20	1.21	2	42	13	46
Very large	Washington, DC-VA-MD	1.18	1.23	1.33	1.35	1.37	1.38	1.37	1.40	1.44	1.43	1.46	1.47	1.44	1.46	1.50	1.51	5	20	33	5
NA	85-Area Average	1.12	1.16	1.28	1.27	1.28	1.28	1.27	1.29	1.31	1.32	1.34	1.35	1.34	1.35	1.37	1.37	3	NA	25	NA
NA	Very Large Area Average	(R) 1.18	(R) 1.23	(R) 1.40	(R) 1.39	(R) 1.39	(R) 1.38	(R) 1.37	1.40	(R) 1.43	(R) 1.43	(R) 1.46	(R) 1.46	(R) 1.45	(R) 1.47	(R) 1.49	1.48	2	NA	30	NA
NA	Large Area Average	1.07	1.10	1.17	1.18	(R) 1.18	(R) 1.19	(R) 1.20	(R) 1.21	(R) 1.23	(R) 1.24	(R) 1.25	(R) 1.26	(R) 1.26	(R) 1.27	(R) 1.28	1.28	3	NA	21	NA
NA	Medium Area Average	1.05	1.06	1.09	(R) 1.09	1.10	1.11	1.12	1.13	1.14	1.15	1.15	1.16	1.16	1.17	1.18	1.18	3	NA	13	NA
NA	Small Area Average	(R) 1.03	1.04	(R) 1.05	1.06	(R) 1.06	(R) 1.06	(R) 1.06	1.07	(R) 1.07	1.08	(R) 1.08	(R) 1.09	1.10	1.10	1.10	1.10	2	NA	7	NA

KEY: NA = not applicable; R = revised.

Very large urban areas – over 3 million population.

Large urban areas – over 1 million and less than 3 million population.

Medium urban areas – over 500,000 and less than 1 million population.

Small urban areas – less than 500,000 population.

^a Rank is based on the calculated point change with the highest number corresponding to a rank of 1.

NOTE

The Travel Time Index (TTI) is the ratio of peak period travel time to free flow travel time. The TTI expresses the average amount of extra time it takes to travel in the peak relative to free-flow travel. A TTI of 1.3, for example, indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip will take 26 minutes during the peak travel time periods, a 6-minute (30 percent) travel time penalty.

SOURCE

Texas Transportation Institute, The 2005 Annual Urban Mobility Report (College Station, TX: 2005), Internet site http://mobility.tamu.edu as of June 10, 2005.