Benefin (CASRN 1861-40-1)
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0133
Benefin;
CASRN 1861-40-1
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS
only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research
and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent
a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Benefin
File First On-Line 03/31/1987
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 03/01/1988 |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Benefin
CASRN — 1861-40-1
Last Revised — 03/01/1988
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds
exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed
in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer
to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs
can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances
that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other
sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance.
If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity,
a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF |
MF |
RfD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Depressed erythrocyte Dog Chronic Oral Eli Lilly and Co., 1972 |
NOAEL: 25 mg/kg/day LOAEL: 125 mg/kg/day |
100 |
1 |
3E-1 mg/kg/day |
*Dose Conversion Factors & Assumptions: none
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
Eli Lilly and Company. 1972. MRID 00037678. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
Results of a chronic oral bioassay in dogs (four animals/sex/dose) established
a NOAEL of 25 mg/kg/day that was associated with a slight depression of
erythrocyte counts with no reduction in blood hemoglobin concentrations or
hematocrit, and a LOAEL of 125 mg/kg/day that was associated with increased
relative liver weights and depressed blood hemoglobin concentrations and
hematocrit. Additional studies support the choice of this effect level (i.e.,
25 mg/kg/day) as the basis of the RfD. Teratogenic effects were not seen at
doses up to 100 mg/kg/day in rabbits. Some reproductive problems were evident
in rats at approximately 250 mg/kg/day, but not at 50 mg/kg/day.
The British Crop Protection Council (BCPC, 1977) reported NOELs for rats
exposed orally to 1250 ppm/day (3 months) and greater than 500 ppm/day for
dogs administered benefin in capsules. No experimental details were given.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — The 100-fold uncertainty factor represents 10-fold dose reductions for
both the expected interhuman and interspecies variability to the toxicity of
this chemical in lieu of specific data.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
Data regarding developmental toxicity are not available in the published literature.
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — Medium
Database — Medium
RfD — Medium
Confidence in the chosen study is medium because, although three doses were tested and a good analysis was apparently performed, only four animals/ sex/dose were used. The database rates a medium confidence; while not extensive, it is supportive of the chosen effect level. Medium confidence in the RfD follows.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Source Document — U.S. EPA, 1984
The ADI in the 1984 Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benefin
received an Agency Review with the help of two external scientists.
Other EPA Documentation — None
Agency Work Group Review — 11/06/1985
Verification Date — 11/06/1985
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for Benefin conducted in September 2002 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Benefin
CASRN — 1861-40-1
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Benefin
CASRN — 1861-40-1
This substance/agent has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination under US EPA's IRIS program for evidence of human carcinogenic potential.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Benefin
CASRN — 1861-40-1
Last Revised — 08/01/1989
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
BCPC (The British Crop Protection Council). 1977. Benefluralin. In:
Pesticide Manual, 5th ed. H.Martin and C.R. Worthing, Ed. BCPC Publications,
Worcestershire, England. p. 31.
Eli Lilly and Company. 1972. MRID 00037678. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benefin.
Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,OH for the Office of Solid Waste,
Washington, DC.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Benefin
CASRN — 1861-40-1
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
03/01/1988 | I.A.1. | Critical effect corrected |
03/01/1988 | I.A.4. | Text revised |
08/01/1989 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
01/01/1992 | I.A.7. | Secondary contact changed |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory Action section on-line |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
12/03/2002 | I.A.6. | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Benefin
CASRN — 1861-40-1
Last Revised — 03/31/1987
- 1861-40-1
- BALAN
- BALFIN
- BANAFINE
- BENALAN
- BENEFEX
- Benefin
- BENFLURALIN
- BETHRODINE
- BINNELL
- BLULAN
- BONALAN
- CARPIDOR
- EL-110
- EMBLEM
- L 54521
- N-BUTYL-2,6-DINITRO-N-ETHYL-4-TRIFLUOROMETHYLANILINE
- N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-2,6-DINITRO-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENAMINE
- N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-alpha,alpha,alpha-TRIFLUORO-2,6-DINITRO-p-TOLUIDINE
- QUILAN
- p-TOLUIDINE, N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-alpha,alpha,alpha-TRIFLUORO-2,6-DINITRO-
- alpha,alpha,alpha-TRIFLUORO-2,6-DINITRO-N,N-ETHYLBUTYL-p-TOLUIDINE