Vanadium pentoxide (CASRN 1314-62-1)
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Vanadium pentoxide;
CASRN 1314-62-1
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS
only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research
and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent
a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Vanadium pentoxide
File First On-Line 01/31/1987
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 12/01/1996 |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | message | 06/30/1988 |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Vanadium pentoxide
CASRN — 1314-62-1
Last Revised — 12/01/1996
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds
exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed
in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer
to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs
can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances
that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other
sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance.
If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity,
a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF |
MF |
RfD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Decreased hair Rat Chronic Oral Stokinger et al., 1953 |
NOAEL: 17.85 ppm LOAEL: none |
100 |
1 |
9E-3 mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors: Adult rat food consumption assumed to be 5% bw/day.
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
Stokinger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain, F.R. Stacksill, O.J. Dobrogorski
and R.G. Keenan. 1953. Unpublished results. Division of Occupational
Health, Cincinnati, OH. (Cited in Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology,
3rd ed., 1981)
In this chronic study, an unspecified number of rats were exposed to dietary
levels of 10 or 100 ppm vanadium (about 17.9 or 179 ppm vanadium pentoxide)
for 2.5 years. The results of this unpublished study were summarized by
Stokinger et al. (1981). The criteria used to evaluate vanadium toxicity were
growth rate, survival, and hair cystine content. The only significant change
reported was a decrease in the amount of cystine in the hair of animals
ingesting vanadium.
Of the subchronic and chronic animal studies available, the lower dose level
(17.9 ppm vanadium pentoxide) reported in the Stokinger et al. (1953) study is
the highest oral NOAEL upon which an RfD can be derived. An oral RfD of 0.009
mg/kg/day (0.62 mg/day for a 70-kg person) can be calculated by assuming that
rats eat food equivalent to 5% of their body weight and by applying an
uncertainty factor of 100.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — An uncertainty factor of 100 was applied, 10 for interspecies
extrapolation and a factor of 10 to provide added protection for unusually
sensitive individuals.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
In a subchronic feeding study (Mountain et al., 1953), groups of five male
Wistar rats were fed vanadium pentoxide at levels of 0, 25, or 50 ppm for 35
days, after which dietary levels of vanadium were increased to 100 and 150
ppm and continued for 68 days. There was a decrease in the amount of cystine
in the hair of the high-dosed (50-150 ppm or 2.5-7.5 mg/kg/day, based on food
consumption of 5% bw) rats. A significant decrease was also reported in
erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels of the high-dosed rats. In an abstract of a
subchronic inhalation study (Suguira, 1978), mice and rats exposed to 1 to 3
mg/cu.m vanadium pentoxide for 3 months, 6 hours/day developed histopathologic
changes in their lungs and had a decrease in growth rate. Adverse effects
were not detected in either species similarly exposed at 0.1 to 0.4 mg/cu.m.
Although several epidemiologic studies have been conducted on factory workers
exposed to vanadium pentoxide for several years, the air concentration levels
of vanadium pentoxide were measured only at scattered intervals, making it
impossible to determine a minimum effective dose. Also, in cases of humans
exposed to relatively high atmospheric concentrations of vanadium pentoxide
for short periods of time, all individuals developed respiratory symptoms that
usually subsided within 7-14 days.
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — Low
Database — Low
RfD — Low
Because of the lack of details in the reference study and the scarcity of data available on vanadium pentoxide, low confidence is assigned to both the study and the database. Low confidence in the RfD follows.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Source Document — This assessment is not presented in any existing U.S. EPA
document.
Other EPA Documentation — None
Agency Work Group Review — 02/26/1986
Verification Date — 02/26/1986
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for Vanadium pentoxide conducted in September 2002 identified one or more significant new studies. IRIS users may request the references for those studies from the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Vanadium pentoxide
CASRN — 1314-62-1
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Vanadium pentoxide
CASRN — 1314-62-1
The NTP (1985) has approved vanadium pentoxide for carcinogenicity testing; however, the route of administration has not been determined (i.e., oral, inhalation).
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Vanadium pentoxide
CASRN — 1314-62-1
Last Revised — 06/01/1991
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
Mountain, J.T., L.L. Delker and H.E. Stokinger. 1953. Studies in vanadium toxicology. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8: 406-411.
Stokinger, H.E. 1981. The metals: Vanadium. In: Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology, 3rd revised ed., Vol. 2A, G.D. Clayton and F.E. Clayton, Eds.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. p. 2013-2033.
Stokinger, H.E., W.D. Wagner, J.T. Mountain, F.R. Stocksill, O.J. Dobrogorski
and R.G. Keenan. 1953. No title given. Unpublished results. Division of
Occupational Health, Cincinnati, OH. (Cited in: Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology, 3rd ed., 1981).
Sugiura, S. 1978. Inhalation toxicity of vanadium pentoxide dust in rats and
mice. Shikoku Igaku Zasschi. 34(5): 209-219.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Vanadium pentoxide
CASRN — 1314-62-1
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
03/31/1987 | I.A.6. | Documentation corrected |
06/30/1988 | I.A.1. | NOAEL and RfD corrected |
06/30/1988 | I.A.2. | Dose levels corrected |
06/30/1988 | I.A.4. | Last paragraph moved to Section II |
06/30/1988 | II. | NTP status specified |
06/01/1991 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
01/01/1992 | I.A.7. | Primary contact changed |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory actions updated |
12/01/1996 | I.A.7. | Secondary contact removed |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
12/03/2002 | I.A.6. | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Vanadium pentoxide
CASRN — 1314-62-1
Last Revised — 01/31/1987
- 1314-62-1
- CI 77938
- Divanadium Pentaoxide
- Divanadium Pentoxide
- Vanadic Anhydride
- Vanadium Oxide
- Vanadium Pentaoxide
- Vanadium Pentoxide