Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether (CASRN 108-60-1)
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0407
Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether; CASRN 108-60-1
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
File First On-Line 10/01/1989
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 08/01/1990 |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
CASRN — 108-60-1
Last Revised — 08/01/1990
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance. If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity, a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF
|
MF
|
RfD
|
---|---|---|---|---|
Decrease in hemoglobin 104-Week Mouse Study Mitsumori et al., 1979 |
NOAEL: 400 ppm LOAEL: 2000 ppm |
1000
|
1
|
4E-2
mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors: Determined by principal investigators
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
Mistsumori, K., T. Usui, K. Takahashi and Y. Shirasu. 1979. Twenty-four month chronic toxicity studies of dichlorodiisopropyl ether in mice. Nippon NoYaku Gakkaishi. 4(3): 323-335.
Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether (98.5% pure) was incorporated into the diets of SPF-ICR mice (56 males and 56 females/group) at levels of 0, 80, 400, 2000, or 10,000 ppm for up to 104 weeks. Comprehensive hematological, blood biochemical, and urinalysis determinations were performed on 7 mice/sex/group at 13, 26, and 52 weeks; on 6/sex/group at 78 weeks; and the remaining mice at 104 weeks. Hemosiderin deposition in the spleen was seen in the males on the 10,000 ppm diet (HDT) and in females receiving both the 2000 and 10,000 ppm diet. Decreases in hemoglobin concentration and red blood cell counts were also observed. These findings indicate a treatment-related increase in erythrocyte destruction. A NOAEL of 2000 ppm for males and 400 ppm for females was indicated. These doses were determined by the investigators to be equivalent to 198 and 35.8 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively. The females were considered more sensitive to the effects of bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether in the diet and the NOAEL of 400 ppm (35.8 mg/kg/day) was considered appropriate.
All other available studies on bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether were conducted using an isopropyl isomer mixture containing only 70% of the bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether. Accordingly, none of these studies were included with this summary.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — The 1000-fold uncertainty factors accounts for both interspecies and interhuman variability in the toxicity of this chemical in lieu of specific data. An additional uncertainty factor of 10 was indicated to account for data gaps in the studies on bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
None.
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — Medium
Database — Low
RfD — Low
Confidence in the principal study is medium because an acceptable number of animals of each sex was used, four doses were given, and many test parameters were measured. Confidence in the database is low because no supporting studies were available. Accordingly, confidence in the RfD is low.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Source Document — U.S. EPA, 1989
Other EPA Documentation — None
Agency Work Group Review — 12/18/1985, 08/13/1987, 07/20/1989
Verification Date — 07/20/1989
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether conducted in September 2002 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
CASRN — 108-60-1
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
CASRN — 108-60-1
This substance/agent has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination under US EPA's IRIS program for evidence of human carcinogenic potential.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
CASRN — 108-60-1
Last Revised — 08/01/1991
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
Mitsumori, K., T. Usui, K. Takahashi and Y. Shirasu. 1979. Twenty-four month chronic toxicity studies of dichlorodiisopropyl ether in mice. J. Pesticide Sci. 4: 323-335.
U.S. EPA. 1989. Drinking Water Health Advisory for Bis-(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC. (Draft)
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
CASRN — 108-60-1
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
10/01/1989 | I.A. | Oral RfD summary on-line |
10/01/1989 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
11/01/1989 | All | CASRN corrected |
08/01/1990 | I.A. | Text edited |
08/01/1990 | III.A. | Health Advisory on-line |
08/01/1990 | VI.D. | Health Advisory references added |
08/01/1991 | VI.A. | Mitsumori reference clarified |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory Action section on-line |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
06/06/2000 | All | CASRN changed from 39638-32-9 to 108-60-1 |
12/03/2002 | I.A.6. | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
03/15/2004 | VIII. | Edited synonyms. |
11/30/2007 | All | Chemical name changed from bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether to bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) ether
CASRN — 108-60-1
Last Revised — 10/01/1989
- 108-60-1
- 2,2'-Oxybis(1-chloropropane)
- BCMEE
- beta, beta'-dichlorodiisopropyl ether
- Bis(1-chloroisopropyl) ether
- Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether
- Bis(beta-chloroisopropyl) ether
- Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether [this synonym is also used with CASRN 39638-32-9]
- DCIP (nematocide)
- Dichlorodiisopropyl ether
- 2,2'-Dichlorodiisopropyl ether [this synonym is also used with CASRN 39638-32-9]
- Dichloroisopropyl ether [this synonym is also used with CASRN 39638-32-9]
- 2,2'-Dichloroisopropyl ether [this synonym is also used with CASRN 39638-32-9]
- Ether, bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)
- HSDB 503
- NCI-C50044
- Nemamort
- Nemamorte
- Propane, 2,2'-oxybis(1-chloro-
- RCRA waste number U027