Carbofuran (CASRN 1563-66-2)
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0218
Carbofuran;
CASRN 1563-66-2
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS
only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research
and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent
a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Carbofuran
File First On-Line 09/30/1987
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 09/30/1987 |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Carbofuran
CASRN — 1563-66-2
Last Revised — 09/30/1987
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds
exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed
in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer
to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs
can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances
that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other
sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance.
If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity,
a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF |
MF |
RfD |
---|---|---|---|---|
RBC and plasma One-Year Dog Feeding FMC Corp., 1983 |
NOEL: 0.5 mg/kg/day
LEL: 12.5 mg/kg/day |
100
|
1
|
5E-3
mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors: none
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
FMC Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00129507. Available from EPA. Write to FOI,
EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
Six beagle dogs of each sex were fed 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 12.5 mg/kg/day
carbofuran for 1 year. The following results were noted: 1) decreased plasma
and RBC AChE depression throughout the year in both sexes at 12.5 mg/kg/day;
2) no change in food consumption and body weight; 3) changes in clinical
chemistry (decreases in protein, calcium, and sodium levels, and lowered
hematocrit, hemoglobin, and RBC at 12.5 mg/kg/day); 4) histopathology showed
testicular seminiferous tubule degeneration, giant cell formation, and
aspermia at 12.5 mg/kg/day; and 5) uterine hyperplasia and hydrometra at 12.5
mg/kg/day.
An RfD of 5E-3 mg/kg/day (UF=10) can also be derived from human data that
indicate a possible NOEL of 0.05 mg/kg/day for cholinesterase inhibition.
This study was not chosen as the principal study because of severe
deficiencies, short duration, and inappropriate route of exposure. However,
the human data suggest that the RfD based on the dog study is in the right
range.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — An uncertainty factor of 100 was used to account for the inter- and
intraspecies differences.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Comments (Oral RfD)
Data Considered for Establishing the RfD:
1) 1-Year Feeding - dog: Principal study - see previous description; core
grade minimum
2) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - rat: Systemic NOEL=1 mg/kg/day; Systemic
LEL=5 mg/kg/day; core grade minimum (FMC Corp., 1979a)
3) 3-Generation Reproduction - rat: NOEL=1.0 mg/kg/day; LEL=5 mg/kg/day; core
grade minimum (FMC Corp., 1979b)
4) Teratology - rat: Fetotoxic NOEL=1.0 mg/kg/day; Fetotoxic LEL=3 mg/kg/day
(reduced body weight); core grade minimum (FMC Corp., 1981a)
5) Teratology - rabbit: Fetotoxic NOEL=2.0 mg/kg/day (HDT); Fetotoxic
LEL=none; core grade minimum (FMC Corp., 1981b)
Other Data Reviewed:
1) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - mice: Systemic NOEL=18.75 mg/kg/day; ChE
NOEL=3 mg/kg/day; core grade guideline (FMC Corp., 1980)
2) Acute Oral - human: Approximate NOEL=0.05 mg/kg/day (ChE inhibition); core
grade supplementary; insufficient study (FMC Corp., 1976)
Data Gap(s): None
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — High
Database — High
RfD — High
The principal study appears to be of good quality and is given a high confidence rating. The supporting database is also of high quality and, therefore, is given a high confidence rating. High confidence in the RfD follows.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Pesticide Registration Files
Agency Work Group Review — 03/ll/86, 03/18/1987
Verification Date — 03/18/1987
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for Carbofuran conducted in September 2002 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Carbofuran
CASRN — 1563-66-2
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Carbofuran
CASRN — 1563-66-2
This substance/agent has not undergone a complete evaluation and determination under US EPA's IRIS program for evidence of human carcinogenic potential.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Carbofuran
CASRN — 1563-66-2
Last Revised — 11/01/1989
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
FMC Corporation. 1976. MRID No. 00092826. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1979a. MRID No. 00030498. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1979b. MRID No. 00030514, 00030570, 00043747. Available
from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1980. MRID No. 00030512, 00043745. Available from EPA.
Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1981a. MRID No. 00058611. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1981b. MRID No. 00076762. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1983. MRID No. 00129507. Available from EPA. Write to
FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfD References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Carbofuran
CASRN — 1563-66-2
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
03/01/1988 | III.A. | Health Advisory added |
11/01/1989 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory actions updated |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
12/03/2002 | I.A.6. | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Carbofuran
CASRN — 1563-66-2
Last Revised — 09/30/1987
- 1563-66-2
- BAY 70143
- CARBAMIC ACID, METHYL-, 2,3-DIHYDRO-2,2-DIMETHYL-7-BENZOFURANYL ESTER
- CARBAMIC ACID, METHYL-, 2,2-DIMETHYL-2,3-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN-7-YL ESTER
- Carbofuran
- CURATERR
- D 1221
- 2,3-DIHYDRO-2,2-DIMETHYLBENZOFURAN-7-YL METHYLCARBAMATE
- 2,3-DIHYDRO-2,2-DIMETHYLBENZOFURANYL-7-N-METHYLCARBAMATE
- 2,2-DIMETHYL-7-COUMARANYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE
- 2,2-DIMETHYL-2,3-DIHYDRO-7-BENZOFURANYL N-METHYLCARBAMATE
- ENT 27,164
- FMC 10242
- FURADAN
- FURODAN
- KARBOFURANU
- METHYL CARBAMIC ACID 2,3-DIHYDRO-2,2-DIMETHYL-7-BENZOFURANYL ESTER
- NA 2757
- NIA 10242
- NIAGARA 10242
- NIAGARA NIA-10242
- YALTOX