cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (CASRN 156-59-2)
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0418
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene; CASRN 156-59-2
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
File First On-Line 12/01/1990
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | no data | |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | on-line | 02/01/1995 |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
CASRN — 156-59-2
Not available at this time.
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
CASRN — 156-59-2
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
CASRN — 156-59-2
Last Revised — 02/01/1995
Section II provides information on three aspects of the carcinogenic assessment for the substance in question; the weight-of-evidence judgment of the likelihood that the substance is a human carcinogen, and quantitative estimates of risk from oral exposure and from inhalation exposure. The quantitative risk estimates are presented in three ways. The slope factor is the result of application of a low-dose extrapolation procedure and is presented as the risk per (mg/kg)/day. The unit risk is the quantitative estimate in terms of either risk per ug/L drinking water or risk per ug/cu.m air breathed. The third form in which risk is presented is a drinking water or air concentration providing cancer risks of 1 in 10,000, 1 in 100,000 or 1 in 1,000,000. The rationale and methods used to develop the carcinogenicity information in IRIS are described in The Risk Assessment Guidelines of 1986 (EPA/600/8-87/045) and in the IRIS Background Document. IRIS summaries developed since the publication of EPA's more recent Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment also utilize those Guidelines where indicated (Federal Register 61(79):17960-18011, April 23, 1996). Users are referred to Section I of this IRIS file for information on long-term toxic effects other than carcinogenicity.
_II.A. Evidence for Human Carcinogenicity
__II.A.1. Weight-of-Evidence Characterization
Classification — D; not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity
Basis — Based on no data in humans or animals and generally nonpositive results in mutagenicity assays.
__II.A.2. Human Carcinogenicity Data
None.
__II.A.3. Animal Carcinogenicity Data
None.
__II.A.4. Supporting Data for Carcinogenicity
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene did not yield positive results for a Salmonella typhimurium spot test assay in the absence of mammalian liver homogenates; however, this compound did cause a dose-dependent increase in mutations in a host-mediated assay (Cerna and Kypenova, 1977). cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene at a medium concentration of 2.9 mM produced no positive results in a mutagenicity assay for Escherichia coli K12 (Greim et al., 1975). Galli et al. (1982a) reported no positive results for cis-1,2-dichloroethylene in point mutation, mitotic gene conversion and mitotic recombination assays (all for Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In addition, it did not yield positive results in an in vivo (intravenous) host-mediated mutagenicity assay (Galli et al., 1982b). cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene did not induce chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow in vivo (Cerna and Kypenova, 1977).
_II.B. Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Oral Exposure
None.
_II.C. Quantitative Estimate of Carcinogenic Risk from Inhalation Exposure
None
_II.D. EPA Documentation, Review, and Contacts (Carcinogenicity Assessment)
__II.D.1. EPA Documentation
Source Document — U.S. EPA, 1984
The 1984 Health Effects Assessment document has received Agency Review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document.
__II.D.2. EPA Review (Carcinogenicity Assessment)
Agency Work Group Review — 09/07/1989
Verification Date — 09/07/1989
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the cancer assessment for cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene conducted in September 2002 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or (202)566-1676.
__II.D.3. EPA Contacts (Carcinogenicity Assessment)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
CASRN — 156-59-2
Last Revised — 12/01/1990
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
None
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
Cerna, M. and H. Kypenova. 1977. Mutagenic activity of chloroethylenes analyzed by screening system tests. Mutat. Res. 46(3): 214-215.
Galli, A., C. Bauer, G. Bronzetti, et al. 1982a. Attivita genetica dell' 1,2-dichloroetilene. a) Studio in vitro. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 58: 860-863. (Ital.)
Galli, A., C. Bauer, G. Bronzetti, et al. 1982b. Attivita genetica dell' 1,2-dichloroetilene. b) Studio in vivo: Effecto sugli enzimi microsomiali. Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 58: 864-869. (Ital.)
Greim, H., G. Bonse, Z. Radwan, D. Reichert and D. Henschler. 1975. Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic oxirane formation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 24(21): 2013-2017.
U.S. EPA. 1984. Health Effects Assessment for cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene. Prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC.
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
CASRN — 156-59-2
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
12/01/1990 | II. | Carcinogen assessment on-line |
12/01/1990 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory Action section on-line |
02/01/1995 | II.D.3. | Primary contact changed |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
12/03/2002 | II.D.2. | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
02/09/2004 | I., II. | This chemical is being reassessed under the IRIS Program. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene
CASRN — 156-59-2
Last Revised — 12/01/1990
- 156-59-2
- Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (Z)-
- (Z)-1,2-Dichloroethene
- (Z)-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
- cis-DICHLOROETHYLENE
- CIS-1,2-DICHLORETHYLENE
- CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE
- cis-1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE
- Ethene, 1,2-dichloro-, (Z)-
- Ethylene, 1,2-dichloro-, (Z)-
- HSDB 5656
- NSC 6149
- 1,2-CIS-DICHLOROETHYLENE