Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) (CASRN 82-68-8)
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0254
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB);
CASRN 82-68-8
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS
only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research
and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent
a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR PCNB
File First On-Line 09/30/1987
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 01/01/1992 |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
CASRN — 82-68-8
Last Revised — 01/01/1992
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds
exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed
in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer
to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs
can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances
that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other
sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance.
If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity,
a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF |
MF |
RfD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Liver toxicity 2-Year Dog Feeding Olin Mathieson |
NOEL: 30 ppm LEL: 180 ppm |
300
|
1
|
3E-3
mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors -- 1 ppm = 0.025 mg/kg/day (assumed dog food consumption)
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation. 1968a. MRID No. 00001667, 00083328, 00114201; HED Doc. No. 005188. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
A 2-year feeding study with dogs (four males and four females/group) given diets containing 0, 30, 180, or 1080 ppm indicated that PCNB (1.4% hexachlorobenzene) caused liver weight increases, increased liver-to-body weight ratios, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and microscopically observed cholestatic hepatosis with secondary bile nephrosis at 1080 ppm (the highest dose tested). An interim sacrifice at 1 year occurred with one dog/sex/group; the remaining animals were sacrificed at 2 years. The cholestatic changes were observed in all animals given diets containing 180 and 1080 ppm PCNB, and one of three male dogs in the 30 ppm dose group exhibited the microscopic changes (no female dogs were affected). The authors noted that these histopathologic changes were moderate in the 1080 ppm group and minimal in the 180 ppm group. Based on these results, 30 ppm was the NOEL and 180 ppm was the LEL in dogs.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — An uncertainty factor of 100 was used to account for the inter- and intraspecies differences. An additional UF of 3 was used since the database for chronic toxicity is incomplete.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
Data Considered for Establishing the RfD:
1) 2-Year Feeding - dog: Principal study - see previous description; core grade minimum
2) 3-Generation Reproduction - rat: NOEL=500 ppm (25 mg/kg/day) (highest level tested); LEL=none; core grade minimum (Olin Mathieson Corp., 1968b)
3) 3-Month feeding - mouse: NOEL=1250 ppm (187.5 mg/kg/day) for males and 2500 ppm (375 mg/kg/day) for females; core grade minimum (NTP, 1986)
Data Gap(s): Chronic Rat Feeding Study; Rat Teratology; Rabbit Teratology
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — Medium
Database — Medium
RfD — Medium
The principal study appears to be of fair quality and is given a medium confidence rating. Because of the lack of a complete database on chronic toxicity, the database is given a medium confidence rating. Medium confidence in the RfD follows.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Pesticide Registration Standard, July 1986
Pesticide Registraion Files
Agency Work Group Review — 05/20/1985, 08/19/1986, 04/15/1987
Verification Date — 04/15/1987
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) conducted in August 2003 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or 202-566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
CASRN — 82-68-8
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
CASRN — 82-68-8
Not available at this time.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
CASRN — 82-68-8
Last Revised — 04/01/1992
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
NTP (National Toxicology Program). 1986. Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachloronitrobenzene in B6C3F1 Mice (feed studies). Report No. NIH 86-2581.
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation. 1968a. MRID No. 00001667, 00083328, 00114201; HED Doc. No. 005188. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation. 1968b. MRID No. 00001666; HED Doc. No. 000654. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfD References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
CASRN — 82-68-8
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
01/01/1992 | I.A.4. | Citations added |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory actions updated |
01/01/1992 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
04/01/1992 | VI.A. | NTP reference year corrected |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
10/28/2003 | I.A.6 | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
CASRN — 82-68-8
Last Revised — 09/30/1987
- 82-68-8
- AVICOL
- BATRILEX
- BOTRILEX
- BRASSICOL
- EARTHCIDE
- FARTOX
- FOLOSAN
- FOMAC
- FUNGICLOR
- GC 3944-3-4
- KOBU
- KOBUTOL
- KP 2
- NCI-C00419
- OLPISAN
- PCNB
- PENTACHLORNITROBENZOL
- Pentachloronitrobenzene
- PENTAGEN
- PKhNB
- QUINTOCENE
- QUINTOZEN
- QUINTOZENE
- RCRA WASTE NUMBER U185
- SANICLOR 30
- TERRACHLOR
- TERRACLOR
- TERRAFUN
- TILCAREX
- TRI-PCNB
- UN 1282