Permethrin (CASRN 52645-53-1)
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0185
Permethrin ;
CASRN 52645-53-1
Health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in IRIS
only after a comprehensive review of chronic toxicity data by U.S. EPA
health scientists from several Program Offices and the Office of Research
and Development. The summaries presented in Sections I and II represent
a consensus reached in the review process. Background information and
explanations of the methods used to derive the values given in IRIS are
provided in the Background Documents.
STATUS OF DATA FOR Permethrin
File First On-Line 03/31/1987
Category (section) |
Status |
Last Revised |
---|---|---|
Oral RfD Assessment (I.A.) | on-line | 01/01/1992 |
Inhalation RfC Assessment (I.B.) | no data | |
Carcinogenicity Assessment (II.) | no data |
_I. Chronic Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects
_I.A. Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure (RfD)
Substance Name — Permethrin
CASRN — 52645-53-1
Last Revised — 01/01/1992
The oral Reference Dose (RfD) is based on the assumption that thresholds
exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis. It is expressed
in units of mg/kg-day. In general, the RfD is an estimate (with uncertainty
spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without
an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. Please refer
to the Background Document for an elaboration of these concepts. RfDs
can also be derived for the noncarcinogenic health effects of substances
that are also carcinogens. Therefore, it is essential to refer to other
sources of information concerning the carcinogenicity of this substance.
If the U.S. EPA has evaluated this substance for potential human carcinogenicity,
a summary of that evaluation will be contained in Section II of this file.
__I.A.1. Oral RfD Summary
Critical Effect |
Experimental Doses* |
UF |
MF |
RfD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Increased liver weights 2-Year Rat Feeding FMC Corp., 1977 |
NOEL: 100 ppm (diet) LEL: 500 ppm (diet) |
100
|
1
|
5E-2
mg/kg/day |
*Conversion Factors: 1 ppm = 0.05 mg/kg/day (assumed rat food consumption)
__I.A.2. Principal and Supporting Studies (Oral RfD)
FMC Corporation. 1977. MRID No. 00057105, 00070950, 00110686. Available from
EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
Four groups of 60 male and 60 female Long-Evans rats were dosed at either 0,
20, 100 or 500 ppm (0, 1, 5 or 25 mg/kg/day) for 104 weeks. No effects were
noted at 1 mg/kg/day, but slight liver weight increases were seen at 5
mg/kg/day; this increase is considered below the level of toxicological
significance. A definite effect level for liver weight increases was observed
at 25 mg/kg/day.
__I.A.3. Uncertainty and Modifying Factors (Oral RfD)
UF — Based on a chronic exposure study, an uncertainty factor of 100 was used
to account for inter- and intraspecies differences.
MF — None
__I.A.4. Additional Studies/Comments (Oral RfD)
Data Considered for Establishing the RfD:
1) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - rat: Principal study - see previous
description; core grade minimum
2) 1-Year Feeding - dog: NOEL=5 mg/kg/day; LEL=100 mg/kg/day (increased
alkaline phosphatase, increased liver weights and hepatocellular swelling);
core grade guideline (ICI Americas, Inc., 1982)
3) 3-Generation Reproduction - rat: NOEL=none; LEL=500 ppm (25 mg/kg/day)
(offspring show centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy and cytoplasmic
eosinophilia and buphthalmos with persistent pupillary membranes; body tremors
in parents at 1000 ppm and 2500 ppm and in offspring at 2500 ppm); core grade
guideline (FMC Corp., 1978)
4) Teratology - rat: Not teratogenic at 200 mg/kg; no definite maternal or
fetotoxic effects evident; core grade minimum (FMC Corp., 1976a)
5) Teratology - rabbit: Not teratogenic at 400 mg/kg; no definite maternal or
fetotoxic effects evident; core grade minimum (FMC Corp., 1976b)
q
Other Data Reviewed:
1) 2-Year Feeding (oncogenic) - mice: Systemic NOEL=20 ppm (3 mg/kg/day);
Systemic LEL=2500 ppm (375 mg/kg/day) in females (liver and lung weight
increases); 500 ppm (75 mg/kg/day) in males (testis weight depression deaths);
no core grade (FMC Corp., 1979)
Data Gap(s): None
__I.A.5. Confidence in the Oral RfD
Study — High
Database — High
RfD — High
The critical study is of good quality and is given a high confidence rating. Additional studies are very supportive; therefore, the database is given a high confidence rating. High confidence in the RfD follows.
__I.A.6. EPA Documentation and Review of the Oral RfD
Source Document — This assessment is not presented in any existing U.S. EPA
document.
Other EPA Documentation — Pesticide Registration Files
Agency Work Group Review — 10/28/1986
Verification Date — 10/28/1986
Screening-Level Literature Review Findings — A screening-level review conducted by an EPA contractor of the more recent toxicology literature pertinent to the RfD for permethrin conducted in August 2003 did not identify any critical new studies. IRIS users who know of important new studies may provide that information to the IRIS Hotline at hotline.iris@epa.gov or 202-566-1676.
__I.A.7. EPA Contacts (Oral RfD)
Please contact the IRIS Hotline for all questions concerning this assessment or IRIS, in general, at (202)566-1676 (phone), (202)566-1749 (FAX) or hotline.iris@epa.gov (internet address).
_I.B. Reference Concentration for Chronic Inhalation Exposure (RfC)
Substance Name — Permethrin
CASRN — 52645-53-1
Not available at this time.
_II. Carcinogenicity Assessment for Lifetime Exposure
Substance Name — Permethrin
CASRN — 52645-53-1
Not available at this time.
_III.
[reserved]
_IV. [reserved]
_V. [reserved]
_VI. Bibliography
Substance Name — Permethrin
CASRN — 52645-53-1
Last Revised — 01/01/1992
_VI.A. Oral RfD References
FMC Corporation. 1976a. MRID No. 00029824, 00057099, 00070579. Available
from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1976b. MRID No. 00029826, 00057101, 00070580. Available
from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1977. MRID No. 00057105, 00070950, 00110686. Available
from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1978. MRID No. 00069702, 00120271. Available from EPA.
Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
FMC Corporation. 1979. MRID No. 00027579, 00029495, 00044323, 00061901,
00062806, 92142033. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC
20460.
ICI Americas, Inc. 1982. MRID No. 00129600, 92142031. Available from EPA.
Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.
_VI.B. Inhalation RfC References
None
_VI.C. Carcinogenicity Assessment References
None
_VII. Revision History
Substance Name — Permethrin
CASRN — 52645-53-1
Date |
Section |
Description |
---|---|---|
02/01/1990 | II. | Carcinogen assessment now under review |
01/01/1992 | I.A.4. | Citations added |
01/01/1992 | IV. | Regulatory Action section on-line |
01/01/1992 | VI. | Bibliography on-line |
08/01/1995 | II. | EPA's RfD/RfC and CRAVE workgroups were discontinued in May, 1995. Chemical substance reviews that were not completed by September 1995 were taken out of IRIS review. The IRIS Pilot Program replaced the workgroup functions beginning in September, 1995. |
04/01/1997 | III., IV., V. | Drinking Water Health Advisories, EPA Regulatory Actions, and Supplementary Data were removed from IRIS on or before April 1997. IRIS users were directed to the appropriate EPA Program Offices for this information. |
10/28/2003 | I.A.6 | Screening-Level Literature Review Findings message has been added. |
_VIII. Synonyms
Substance Name — Permethrin
CASRN — 52645-53-1
Last Revised — 03/31/1987
- 52645-53-1
- AI3-29158
- AMBUSH
- BW-21-Z
- CYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLIC ACID, 3-(2,2-DICHLOROVINYL)-2,2-DIMETHYL-, 3-PHENOXYBENZYL ESTER, (+-)-, (cis,trans)-
- ECTIBAN
- EXMIN
- FMC 33297
- FMC 41655
- ICI-PP 557
- KESTREL
- NDRC-143
- NIA 33297
- OUTFLANK
- OUTFLANK-STOCKADE
- Permethrin
- PERMETRIN
- PERMETRINA
- PERMITRENE
- 3-PHENOXYBENZYL (+-)-3-(2,2-DICHLOROVINYL)-2,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE
- (3-PHENOXYPHENYL)METHYL-3-(2,2-DICHLORETHENYL)-2,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE
- POUNCE
- PP 557
- S-3151
- SBP-1513
- TALCORD
- WL 43479