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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: Shimofuri goby
Synonyms and Other Names: shimofuri shimahaze [Japanese]
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Akihito and Sakamoto (1989) resurrected this species after over 50 years of synonomy with T. trigonocephalus. They provided details on distinguishing characteristics, and also provided color photographs for both species. Distinguishing characteristics were also summarized by Matern and Fleming (1995). According to Matern and Fleming (1995), some published reports of T. trigonocephalus in California (e.g., Meng et al. 1994) actually refer to T. bifasciatus.
Size: 11 cm.
Native Range:
Fresh and brackish water. Asia, including Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and the former Soviet Union (Akihito and Sakamoto 1989).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: The first records of this species, all in California, are based on collections taken from Suisun Marsh in 1985, from John Skinner Delta Fish Protective Facility near Byron, Contra Costa County, in 1987, and from low-salinity regions of the San Francisco Bay estuary (Wonham et al 2000). By 1990 the species had dispersed approximately 513 km south to Pyramid Lake in Los Angeles County (October 1990), and then spread to Piru Creek downstream of this lake by June 1992 (as T. trigonocephalus) (Swift et al. 1993). It has not been taken from Piru Lake or downstream of the lake, to date (Matern and Fleming 1995). Although no gobies have been taken in the California Aqueduct, larvae have been taken at either end (S. Matern, personal communication). Matern believes the gobies spawned near the intake structures in Suisun Bay and larvae were pumped through the aqueduct and managed to establish a small population at the south end of the aqueduct in Pyramid Reservoir. This species is also established in the Lower Sacramento drainage (Swift et al. 1993; Sommer et al. 2001). Collected from Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary (Moyle, personal communication).
Means of Introduction: Probably introduced via ballast water circa 1985 (Matern and Fleming 1995).
Status: Based on trawl samples, this species was the most abundant adult fish in Suisun Marsh by 1989 (Meng et al. 1994, as T. trigonocephalus; Matern and Fleming 1995), and the third most abundant larval fish (Matern and Fleming 1995). They were the most abundant larvae by 1990 (Matern and Fleming 1995).
Impact of Introduction: A study conducted by Meng et al. (1994) found that yellowfin gobies prey on the eggs and larvae of the introduced chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus. However, their research was conducted in Suisun Bay, an area known to be in the range of the shimofuri goby and not the chameleon goby (Fleming, personal communication). Therefore, it is actually the shimofuri goby that eats the eggs of the chameleon goby. Meng et al. (1994) also suggested this goby may be responsible, at least in part, for the chamelon goby's decline in the San Francisco Bay estuary. However, Fleming (personal communication) disagrees. He believes it is unlikely the shimofuri goby has been in the Bay long enough to have and impact on the chameleon goby's population.
Remarks: The shimofuri goby may compete with the federally endangered tidewater goby Eucyclogobius newberryi if the two come in contact. The two species are very similar in habitat and dietary preferences (Matern and Fleming 1995). One potential scenario that would cause the two species to become sympatric is introduction of the shimofuri goby into Lake Cachuma in southern California via the California Aqueduct, and then into the Santa Ynez River (Matern and Fleming 1995). Tridentiger bifasciatus, although often sympatric with T. trigonocephalus in its native range, apparently prefers freshwater and has never been taken in salt water (Matern and Fleming 1995); whereas, T. trigoncephalus is rarely vound in salinities less than 22 ppt. (Fleming, personal communication). Both species are found in brackish water. This species, like the chameleon goby, is capable of rapidly changing color (Matern and Fleming 1995). Voucher specimens: California (CAS 81588, 81582, 82361).
Akihito and K. Sakamoto. 1989. Reexamination of the status of the striped goby. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 36(1):100-112.
Matern, S. A., and K. J. Fleming. 1996. Invasion of a third Asian goby species, Tridentiger bifasciatus, into California. California Fish and Game 81(2):71-76.
Meng, L., P. B. Moyle, and B. Herbold. 1994. Changes in abundance and distribution of native and introduced fishes of Suisun Marsh. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 123:498-507.
Sommer, T, B. Harrell, M. Nobriga, R. Brown, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and L. Schemel. 2001.
Swift, C. C., T. R. Haglund, M. Ruiz, and R. N. Fisher. 1993. The status and distribution of the freshwater fishes of southern California. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Science 92(3):101-167.
Other Resources:
FishBase Fact Sheet
Author: Leo Nico and Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 4/24/2006 Citation for this information:
Leo Nico and Pam Fuller. 2009. Tridentiger bifasciatus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=716> Revision Date: 4/24/2006
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