Though Fiji has one of the most developed economies in the Pacific, political instability and fluctuations in the worldwide sugar markets have impeded economic growth. Since the coups, Fiji has suffered a high rate of emigration of skilled and professional personnel resulting in shortages in service sectors such as education and healthcare. Furthermore, nearly 50 percent of the population lives below or close to the poverty line, particularly in the rural areas. Over-fishing and environmental degradation have reduced food security from traditional sources.

While revenues from tourism, sugar, and garment exports remain the largest contributors to the economy Fiji also has timber and mineral reserves. Fishing is also important as an export sector and for domestic consumption. Long-term problems include low foreign investment rates and uncertain property rights.