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Climate of 2004 - May in Historical Perspective Including Boreal Spring National Climatic Data Center 15 June 2004
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Global Analysis / Global Hazards / United States / U.S. Drought / Extremes
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access detailed analyses of Global and U.S. data.
Global Highlights:
- Based on preliminary data for May 2004, global average combined land and sea surface temperature was fifth warmest on record, and fourth warmest for March-May 2004
- March-May temperatures were above average throughout the entire U.S., China and Europe, with below average temperatures in Spain, Mexico and far western Russia
- Precipitation during March-May was above average across the Mississippi Valley of the U.S., Alaska, India and the Korean Peninsula, with drier than average conditions in the southeastern U.S., eastern Australia, southeastern Asia and far western Canada
- Near-normal SSTs across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific basin were indicative of neutral ENSO conditions.
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Contents of this Section:
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The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.
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Introduction
The maps below use anomalies that were calculated from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set of land surface stations using a 1961-1990 base period. The map on the left reflects conditions during March-May 2004, indicating above average temperatures across Asia, Europe, Greenland and Scandinavia, while cooler than average temperatures occurred in parts of Canada and Mexico. The map on the right reflects conditions during May 2004, indicating above average temperatures in the northeastern U.S., western Europe, South Africa and Alaska with cooler than average temperatures in the northern Great Plains of the U.S., Argentina, eastern Europe and southern portions of India.
The mean position of upper level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure (depicted by positive and negative 500 millibar height anomalies on the March-May 2004 and May 2004maps ) are generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively. For other Global products see the Climate Monitoring Global Products page.
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Temperature Rankings and Graphics
Current Month / Seasonal / Year-to-date
May |
Anomaly |
Rank |
Warmest Year on Record |
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+0.46°C (+0.83°F) +0.34°C (+0.61°F)
+0.38°C (+0.68°F)
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9th warmest 6th warmest 5th warmest
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1998 (+0.94°C/1.70°F) 1998 (+0.53°C/0.95°F) 1998 (+0.65°C/1.17°F)
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Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+0.58°C (+1.04°F) +0.35°C (+0.63°F) +0.44°C (+0.79°F)
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6th warmest 3rd warmest 5th warmest
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2001 (+1.00°C/1.80°F) 1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F) 1998 (+0.66°C/1.19°F)
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Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+0.08°C (+0.14°F) +0.34°C (+0.61°F) +0.29°C (+0.52°F)
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54th warmest 11th warmest 19th warmest |
2002 (+1.00°C/1.80°F) 1998 (+0.56°C/1.01°F) 1998 (+0.64°C/1.15°F)
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March-May |
Anomaly |
Rank |
Warmest Year on Record |
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean |
+0.96°C (+1.73°F)
+0.37°C (+0.67°F) +0.55°C (+1.00°F)
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5th warmest 5th warmest 4th warmest |
2002 (+1.11°C/2.00°F) 1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F)
1998 (+0.69°C/1.24°F)
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Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+1.06°C (+1.91°F) +0.41°C (+0.74°F) +0.67°C (+1.21°F)
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6th warmest 2nd warmest 2nd warmest
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2000 (+1.18°C/2.12°F) 1998 (+0.49°C/0.88°F) 1998 (+0.73°C/1.31°F)
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Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+0.56°C (+1.01°F) +0.34°C (+0.61°F) +0.39°C (+0.70°F)
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5th warmest 6th warmest 6th warmest
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1998 (+1.05°C/1.90°F) 1998 (+0.54°C/0.97°F) 1998 (+0.63°C/1.13°F)
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January-May |
Anomaly |
Rank |
Warmest Year on Record |
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean |
+0.93°C (+1.70°F) +0.39°C (+0.70°F) +0.55°C (+1.00°F)
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3rd warmest 4th warmest 3rd warmest |
2002 (+1.25°C/2.25°F) 1998 (+0.52°C/0.94°F)
1998 (+0.71°C/1.28°F)
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Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+1.05°C (+1.90°F) +0.43°C (+0.77°F) +0.68°C (+1.22°F)
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4th warmest 2nd warmest 3rd warmest
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2002 (+1.41°C/2.54°F) 1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F) 1998 (+0.80°C/1.44°F)
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Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
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+0.49°C (+0.88°F) +0.38°C (+0.68°F) +0.40°C (+0.72°F)
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8th warmest 7th warmest 7th warmest
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1998 (+0.90°C/1.62°F) 1998 (+0.54°C/0.97°F) 1998 (+0.61°C/1.10°F)
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The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.
Precipitation
The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN data set of land surface stations using a base period of 1961-1990. The map to the left is precipitation anomalies measured in millimeters, the map to the right is the percentage of average (1961-1990) precipitation. During March-May 2004, much above average precipitation fell across southern India, central China, the Great Lakes region of the U.S. and Argentina. Below average precipitation was observed in eastern Australia, the Netherlands, southeastern U.S. and Turkey. During the month of May 2004, above average precipitation occurred in the Ohio Valley of the U.S., Chile, Japan and Thailand while drier than average conditions were observed in the central and southern Great Plains of the U.S., coastal Brazil, western Europe and eastern Australia.
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Troposphere
Current Month / Seasonal
The tables below summarize mid-tropospheric conditions for May and March-May 2004. These temperatures are for the atmospheric layer centered in the mid-troposphere (approximately 2-6 miles above the Earth's surface) which also includes a portion of the lower stratosphere. (The MSU channel used to measure mid-tropospheric temperatures receives about 25 percent of its signal above 6 miles.) Analysis of the satellite record that began in 1979 indicates that global temperatures are increasing in the mid-troposphere, but the magnitude of the trend differs based on the analysis methods used in adjusting for factors such as orbital decay and inter-satellite differences. The 1979-2004 trend for May and March-May is 0.04°C/decade based on data from the University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH). Based on data provided by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) the trend for May and March-May is 0.13°C/decade. The base period used in both data sets is 1979-1998.
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May |
Anomaly |
Rank |
Warmest Year on Record |
UAH mid-troposphere
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+0.07°C (+0.13°F)
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10th warmest
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1998 (+0.59°C/1.06°F)
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RSS mid-troposphere
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+0.31°C (+0.56°F)
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3rd warmest |
1998 (+0.60°C/1.08°F)
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