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Climate of 2004 - May in Historical Perspective

Including Boreal Spring

National Climatic Data Center
15 June 2004

This is the NOAA logo
Global Analysis / Global Hazards / United States / U.S. Drought / Extremes
Use these links to access detailed analyses of Global and U.S. data.

Global Highlights:

  • Based on preliminary data for May 2004, global average combined land and sea surface temperature was fifth warmest on record, and fourth warmest for March-May 2004
  • March-May temperatures were above average throughout the entire U.S., China and Europe, with below average temperatures in Spain, Mexico and far western Russia
  • Precipitation during March-May was above average across the Mississippi Valley of the U.S., Alaska, India and the Korean Peninsula, with drier than average conditions in the southeastern U.S., eastern Australia, southeastern Asia and far western Canada
  • Near-normal SSTs across the central and eastern equatorial Pacific basin were indicative of neutral ENSO conditions.
 

Contents of this Section:

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The data presented in this report are preliminary. Ranks and anomalies may change as more complete data are received and processed. The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.
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Top of Page Introduction

The maps below use anomalies that were calculated from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set of land surface stations using a 1961-1990 base period. The map on the left reflects conditions during March-May 2004, indicating above average temperatures across Asia, Europe, Greenland and Scandinavia, while cooler than average temperatures occurred in parts of Canada and Mexico. The map on the right reflects conditions during May 2004, indicating above average temperatures in the northeastern U.S., western Europe, South Africa and Alaska with cooler than average temperatures in the northern Great Plains of the U.S., Argentina, eastern Europe and southern portions of India.

The mean position of upper level ridges of high pressure and troughs of low pressure (depicted by positive and negative 500 millibar height anomalies on the March-May 2004 and May 2004maps ) are generally reflected by areas of positive and negative temperature anomalies at the surface, respectively. For other Global products see the Climate Monitoring Global Products page.
Click here for current month's Temperature Dot map
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Click here for current month's Temperature Dot map
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Top of PageTemperature Rankings and Graphics

Current Month / Seasonal / Year-to-date
May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.46°C (+0.83°F)
+0.34°C (+0.61°F)
+0.38°C (+0.68°F)
9th warmest
6th warmest
5th warmest
1998 (+0.94°C/1.70°F)
1998 (+0.53°C/0.95°F)
1998 (+0.65°C/1.17°F)
Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.58°C (+1.04°F)
+0.35°C (+0.63°F)
+0.44°C (+0.79°F)
6th warmest
3rd warmest
5th warmest
2001 (+1.00°C/1.80°F)
1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F)
1998 (+0.66°C/1.19°F)
Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.08°C (+0.14°F)
+0.34°C (+0.61°F)
+0.29°C (+0.52°F)
54th warmest
11th warmest
19th warmest
2002 (+1.00°C/1.80°F)
1998 (+0.56°C/1.01°F)
1998 (+0.64°C/1.15°F)

Click here for Global Land and Ocean Triad plot
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Click here for Global Hemisphere Triad plot
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March-May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.96°C (+1.73°F)
+0.37°C (+0.67°F)
+0.55°C (+1.00°F)
5th warmest
5th warmest
4th warmest
2002 (+1.11°C/2.00°F)
1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F)
1998 (+0.69°C/1.24°F)
Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+1.06°C (+1.91°F)
+0.41°C (+0.74°F)
+0.67°C (+1.21°F)
6th warmest
2nd warmest
2nd warmest
2000 (+1.18°C/2.12°F)
1998 (+0.49°C/0.88°F)
1998 (+0.73°C/1.31°F)
Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.56°C (+1.01°F)
+0.34°C (+0.61°F)
+0.39°C (+0.70°F)
5th warmest
6th warmest
6th warmest
1998 (+1.05°C/1.90°F)
1998 (+0.54°C/0.97°F)
1998 (+0.63°C/1.13°F)

Click here for Global Land and Ocean Triad plot
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Click here for Global Hemisphere Triad plot
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January-May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
Global
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.93°C (+1.70°F)
+0.39°C (+0.70°F)
+0.55°C (+1.00°F)
3rd warmest
4th warmest
3rd warmest
2002 (+1.25°C/2.25°F)
1998 (+0.52°C/0.94°F)
1998 (+0.71°C/1.28°F)
Northern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+1.05°C (+1.90°F)
+0.43°C (+0.77°F)
+0.68°C (+1.22°F)
4th warmest
2nd warmest
3rd warmest
2002 (+1.41°C/2.54°F)
1998 (+0.51°C/0.92°F)
1998 (+0.80°C/1.44°F)
Southern Hemisphere
Land
Ocean
Land and Ocean
+0.49°C (+0.88°F)
+0.38°C (+0.68°F)
+0.40°C (+0.72°F)
8th warmest
7th warmest
7th warmest
1998 (+0.90°C/1.62°F)
1998 (+0.54°C/0.97°F)
1998 (+0.61°C/1.10°F)

Click here for Global Land and Ocean Triad plot
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Click here for Global Hemisphere Triad plot
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The most current data may be accessed via the Global Surface Temperature Anomalies page.

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Top of Page Precipitation

The maps below represent anomaly values based on the GHCN data set of land surface stations using a base period of 1961-1990. The map to the left is precipitation anomalies measured in millimeters, the map to the right is the percentage of average (1961-1990) precipitation. During March-May 2004, much above average precipitation fell across southern India, central China, the Great Lakes region of the U.S. and Argentina. Below average precipitation was observed in eastern Australia, the Netherlands, southeastern U.S. and Turkey. During the month of May 2004, above average precipitation occurred in the Ohio Valley of the U.S., Chile, Japan and Thailand while drier than average conditions were observed in the central and southern Great Plains of the U.S., coastal Brazil, western Europe and eastern Australia.
Click here for Precipitation Dot map in Millimeters
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Click here for Percent Precipitation Dot map
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Top of Page ENSO SST Analysis




Click Here for the last week of the month's ENSO condtions Map
Click here for animated loop





  • Sea surface temperatures were again near-normal over much of the central and eastern equatorial Pacific (as shown in the adjacent animation of weekly sea surface temperature anomalies). A consensus of indices suggest neutral ENSO conditions. A comprehensive summary of May 2004 ENSO conditions can be found on the ENSO monitoring page. For the latest advisory on ENSO conditions go to NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC) and the CPC ENSO Diagnostic Discussion

  • Images of sea surface temperature conditions are available for all months to date during 2004 at the weekly SST page

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Top of Page Troposphere

Current Month / Seasonal
The tables below summarize mid-tropospheric conditions for May and March-May 2004. These temperatures are for the atmospheric layer centered in the mid-troposphere (approximately 2-6 miles above the Earth's surface) which also includes a portion of the lower stratosphere. (The MSU channel used to measure mid-tropospheric temperatures receives about 25 percent of its signal above 6 miles.) Analysis of the satellite record that began in 1979 indicates that global temperatures are increasing in the mid-troposphere, but the magnitude of the trend differs based on the analysis methods used in adjusting for factors such as orbital decay and inter-satellite differences. The 1979-2004 trend for May and March-May is 0.04°C/decade based on data from the University of Alabama at Huntsville (UAH). Based on data provided by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) the trend for May and March-May is 0.13°C/decade. The base period used in both data sets is 1979-1998.

May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
UAH mid-troposphere +0.07°C (+0.13°F) 10th warmest 1998 (+0.59°C/1.06°F)
RSS mid-troposphere +0.31°C (+0.56°F) 3rd warmest 1998 (+0.60°C/1.08°F)
Click here for UAH mid-trop image
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Click here for RSS mid-trop image
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March-May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
UAH mid-troposphere +0.16°C (+0.29°F) 5th warmest 1998 (+0.60°C/1.08°F)
RSS mid-troposphere +0.35°C (+0.63°F) 2nd warmest 1998 (+0.62°C/1.12°F)
Click here for UAH mid-trop image
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Click here for RSS mid-trop image
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Top of PageStratosphere

Current Month / Seasonal
The tables below summarize stratospheric conditions for May and March-May 2004. The stratosphere is located between 10-14 miles above the Earth's surface. Over the last decade, stratospheric temperatures have been below average in large part due to the depletion of ozone. The large increase in temperature in 1982 was caused by the volcanic eruption of El Chichon in Mexico, and the increase in 1991 was a result of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines. Therefore the base period used in both data sets is 1984-1990 which was chosen to avoid contamination by these eruptions.

May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
UAH stratosphere -0.35°C (-0.63°F) 7th coolest 1992 (+0.75°C/1.35°F)
RSS stratosphere -0.25°C (-0.45°F) 9th coolest 1992 (+0.74°C/1.33°F)
Click here for UAH lower-strat image
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Click here for RSS lower-strat image
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March-May Anomaly Rank Warmest Year on Record
UAH mid-stratosphere -0.38°C (-0.68°F) 5th coolest 1983 (+0.92°C/1.66°F)
RSS mid-stratosphere -0.36°C (-0.65°F) 5th coolest 1992 (+0.83°C/1.50°F)
Click here for UAH lower-strat image
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Click here for RSS lower-strat image
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Mid-tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperature data are collected by NOAA's TIROS-N polar-orbiting satellites and adjusted for time-dependent biases by NASA and the Global Hydrology and Climate Center at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). An independent analysis is also performed by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS).

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For additional details on precipitation and temperatures in May, see the Global Hazards page .
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References:

Peterson, T.C. and R.S. Vose, 1997: An Overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network Database. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 2837-2849.


For all climate questions other than questions concerning this report, please contact the National Climatic Data Center's Climate Services Division:

    Climate Services Division
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    Asheville, NC 28801-5001
    fax: 828-271-4876
    phone: 828-271-4800
    email: ncdc.orders@noaa.gov
For questions about this report, please contact:

    David Easterling
    NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
    151 Patton Avenue
    Asheville, NC 28801-5001
    fax: 828-271-4328
    email: David.Easterling@noaa.gov
-or-
    Jay Lawrimore
    NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
    151 Patton Avenue
    Asheville, NC 28801-5001
    fax: 828-271-4328
    email: Jay.Lawrimore@noaa.gov

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