Atmospheric levels of CO2 have risen from preindustrial levels of 280 parts per million (ppm) to present levels of 375 ppm. Evidence suggests this observed rise in atmospheric CO2 levels is due primarily to expanding use of fossil fuels for energy. Predictions of global energy use in the next century suggest a continued increase in carbon emissions and rising concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere unless major changes are made in the way we produce and use energyin particular, how we manage carbon. One way to manage carbon is to use energy more efficiently to reduce our need for a major energy and carbon sourcefossil fuel combustion. Another way is to increase our use of low-carbon and carbon-free fuels and technologies (nuclear power and renewable sources such as solar energy, wind power, and biomass fuels). Both approaches are supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The third and newest way to manage carbon is through carbon sequestration. Carbon sequestration refers to the provision of long-term storage of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere, underground, or the oceans so that the buildup of carbon dioxide (the principal greenhouse gas) concentration in the atmosphere will reduce or slow. In some cases, this is accomplished by maintaining or enhancing natural processes; in other cases, novel techniques are developed to dispose of carbon. DOE's Office of Science is focusing its carbon sequestration efforts on:
Understanding how carbon dioxide "sinks" perform so we can enhance the ongoing natural processes, and developing innovative new processes, may add powerful new measures to carbon management options. View DOE Office of Science poster Carbon Sequestration Research Programs in PDF format. |
10/2004