Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Robert Halley Ellen Prager Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Sedimentation, Sea-Level Rise, and Circulation in Florida Bay Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Online_Linkage: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/halley/halleysalt.html Description: Abstract: The goal of this project was to document decade- to century- scale processes associated with sediment transport in Florida Bay. The results will quantify the influence of bottom topography on waterquality in the Bay so that sea level and bathymetric change can be integrated with numerical modeling efforts conducted by cooperating agencies. Purpose: Recent algal blooms and seagrass mortality have raised concerns about the water quality of Florida Bay, particularly its nutrient content (nitrogen and phosphorous), hypersalinity, and turbidity. Water quality is closely tied to sediment transport processes because resuspension of sediments increases turbidity, releases stored nutrients, and facilitates sediment export to the reef tract. The objective of this research is to provide a better understanding of how and when sediments within Florida Bay are resuspended and deposited, to define the spatial distribution of the potential for resuspension, to delineate patterns of potential bathymetric change, and to predict the impacts of storms or seagrass die-off on bathymetry and circulation within the bay. By combining these results with the findings of other research being conducted in Florida Bay, we hope to quantify sediment export from the bay, better define the nutrient input during resuspension events, and assist in modeling circulation and water quality. Results will enable long-term sediment deposition and erosion in various regions of the bay to be integrated with data on the anticipated sea-level rise to predict future water depths and volumes. Results from this project, together with established sediment production rates, will provide the basis for a sediment budget for Florida Bay. Supplemental_Information: This project was completed in 2002 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 199411 Ending_Date: 200212 Currentness_Reference: surface and bottom conditions Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.167 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.33 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.33 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 24.83 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: sea-level Theme_Keyword: circulation Theme_Keyword: sediments Theme_Keyword: water quality Theme_Keyword: chemistry Theme_Keyword: hydrology Theme_Keyword: salinity Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters Theme_Keyword: 007 Theme_Keyword: 012 Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: 010 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: US Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D. C., NIST Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: FL Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Department of Commerce, 1990, Counties and Equivalent Entities of the United States, Its Possessions, and Associated Areas, FIPS 6-3, Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology Place_Keyword: Monroe County Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: USGS Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: Everglades National Park Place_Keyword: Florida Bay Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Central Everglades Place_Keyword: Florida Keys Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Robert Halley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Project Chief Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 Fourth Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhalley@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/halley/locationsalt.html Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Florida Bay Salinity Data Location Map Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Data_Set_Credit: Salinity data was collected by R. Halley, K. Ludwig, Kim Yates, Jason Greenwood, Yucong Tuo, Rita Byrd, Hilary Stockton, Heather Mounts, K. Geraghty, B. Remick, R. Peterson, M. Moyle, L. Roulier, D. Wiese, B, Zalew, and Nancy DeWitt. Additional data was provided by the National Park Service, Everglades National Park, and the South Florida Water Managememnt District. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Boscence, D. Publication_Date: 1989 Title: Biogenic carbonate production in Florida Bay Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Bulletin of Marine Science Issue_Identification: 44(1): 419-433 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Coral Gables, FL Publisher: University of Florida Press Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Frankignoulle, M. Publication_Date: 1988 Title: Field Measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography Issue_Identification: 33(3):313-322 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, D.C. Publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Millero, F. J. Publication_Date: 1979 Title: The thermodynamics of the carbonate system in seawater Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Issue_Identification: 43:1651-1661 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Oxon, United Kingdom Publisher: Geochemical Society (Elsevier Science Ltd.) Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Smith, S. V. Key, G. S. Publication_Date: 1975 Title: 1975 Carbon dioxide and metabolism in marine environments Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography Issue_Identification: 20:493-495 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Stockman, K. W. Ginsburg, R. N., Shinn, E. A. Publication_Date: 1967 Title: The production of lime mud by algae in South Florida Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology Issue_Identification: 37(2):633-648 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Tulsa, OK Publisher: S E P M Society for Sedimentary Geology Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Sugiura, Y. Ibert, E. R., Hood, D. W. Publication_Date: 1963 Title: Mass transfer of carbon dioxide across sea surfaces Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Marine Research Issue_Identification: 21(1):11-24 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: New Haven, CT Publisher: Sears Foundation for Marine Research Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Wanninkhof, R. Publication_Date: 1992 Title: Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research Issue_Identification: 97:7373-7382 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: American Geophysical Union Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Barnes, D. J. Publication_Date: 1983 Title: Profiling coral reef productivity and calcification using pH and oxygen electrodes Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Issue_Identification: 66:149-161 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: Elsevier Science BV Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Barnes, D. J. Devereux, M. J. Publication_Date: 1984 Title: Productivity and calcification on a coral reef: a survey using pH and oxygen electrode techniques Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Issue_Identification: 79:213-231 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands Publisher: Elsevier Science BV Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Frankignoulle, M. Disteche, A. Publication_Date: 1984 Title: CO2 chemistry in the water column above a Posidonia seagrass bed and related air-sea exchanges Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Oceanologica Acta Issue_Identification: 7(2):209-219 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Paris, France Publisher: Institute Franceis de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Gattuso, J. P. Pichon, M., Delesalle, B., Frankignoulle, M. Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Community metabolism and air-sea CO2 fluxes in a coral reef ecosystem (Moorea, French Polynesia) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Marine Ecology Progress Series Issue_Identification: 96:259-267 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Oldendorf, Germany Publisher: Inter-Research Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Kayanne, H. Suzuki, A., Saito, H. Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Diurnal changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coral reef water Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Science Issue_Identification: 269:214-216 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Smith, S. V. Publication_Date: 1973 Title: Carbon dioxide dynamics: a record of organic carbon production, respiration, and calcification in the Eniwetok reef flat community Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Limnology and Oceanography Issue_Identification: 18(1):106-120 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Washington, DC Publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Prager, E. J. Halley, R. B. Publication_Date: 1999 Title: The influence of seagrass on shell layers and Florida Bay mudbanks Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: report Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Coastal Research Issue_Identification: v. 15, 1151-1162 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Fort Lauderdale, FL Publisher: Coastal Education and Research Foundation (CERF) Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: not applicable Completeness_Report: not applicable Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Local information was recorded in the Bay using a DIO-issued military style GPSunit - Rockwell Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver PLGR+96 with a precision of +/- 10m. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Six interrelated activities were undertaken for this project: 1) core analyses; 2) local sediment elevation surveys; 3) mudbank profiling and surveys; 4) integration of sedimentary analyses with circulation patterns and sea-level history; 5) salinity surveys to document effects of mudbanks on circulation; and 6)measurement of short-term productivity and carbonate precipitation. This project integrated results from several other projects in the USGS Place Based Studies and other programs. In particular, the bathymetry, turbidity, sediment transport, lead-2 10 dating, and ecosystem history projects in the bay both used results from this project and provided information to the project. Additional complimentary information was provided by the Marine and Coastal Program project "Sedimentation and water quality in Florida Bay" that provided funding for determining past salinity from geochemical analyses of fossil mollusks as part of a cooperative with the South Florida Water Management District. Five of the six activities were designed to provide measures of sedimentation or erosion on mudbanks, the sixth activity documents the influence of mudbanks on water salinity. 1) Coring: Cores taken for this and other projects were x-rayed and some provided measurable sections of sediment above known (dated) horizons. These provided an average sedimentation rate based on the age of the horizon. 2) Pb-210 dating: A few cores were suitable for lead-210 dating from which an average sedimentation rate was calculated. The lead-210 method has the advantage of providing a continuous record of sedimentation rates during the last century with a resolution of a few years. However, there are only a few sites in the Bay that are suitable for analyses. 3) Sedimentation site monitoring: Fifteen local sediment survey stations were established in the bay. These were driven to bedrock and provided platforms for seasonal sediment elevation measurements accurate to a few millimeters. Five are in the eastern bay, five in the central bay, and five in the western bay. 4) Bank profiles: Each group of five survey stations is arranged in a transact across a mudbank. Repeated precision profiling across each mudbank will provide a multi-year record of sediment erosion or accretion on the bank and allow the data from individual survey stations, cores, and marker horizon sites to be placed in context of bank-wide patterns. Sedimentation rates provide basic data for determining long-term accumulation/erosion patterns and subsequent volume changes in the bay as a result of sea- level rise. 5) Salinity surveys: Salinity maps, produced semi monthly, illustrate the influence of mudbanks on circulation. The contours of salinity, constructed from bay-wide surveys, show conformity with the banks and often coincide with the banks. Turbid and algal bloom regions, monitored by other agencies, are also confined by shallow banks. 6) Productivity and calcification measurements: The measurements of the short-trem productivity and carbonate precipitaiton provided the data necessary for a comparison of current sedimentation rates with long-term sediment accumulation measured by lead-210 dating and elevation surveys from the project. Three measures of water quality (salinity, turbidity and chlorophyll) indicate that the mudbanks are a dominant control on circulation. Understanding mudbank dynamics is critical to predicting future water quality of the Bay. Productivity measurements in Florida Bay, including calcification and net photosynthesis, were performed using geochemical techniques that have proven successful for measuring production in carbonate reef and seagrass bed ecosystems (Smith 1973, Barnes 1983, Barnes and Devereux 1984, Frankignoulle and Disteche 1984, Gattuso et al. 1993). These measurements were used to provide insight into the discrepancy between long-term sediment accumulation rates (Stockman et. al,. 1967) and short-term production measurements (Bosence, 1989). Total alkalinity, pH, calcium concentrations, salinity, irradiance, temperature, wind and current speed, and air-sea CO2 and O2 fluxes were measured along transects across carbonate mud banks in Florida Bay. Transects were located parallel to unidirectional current flow across a given bank. Sample stations along each transect were positioned at the upstream, middle, and downstream ends of each transect. Geochemical and physical parameters were measured at each station along a transect at different times (and irradiances) during the day. Total alkalinity and pH were used to calculate calcification and net photosynthesis using the alkalinity anomaly technique of Smith and Key (1975) such that calcification (C) = half the change in total alkalinity, and net photosynthesis (P) = total carbon-calcification. Total carbon was calculated using carbonate system equations from Millero (1979). Calcium measurements provided an independent measure of calcification for comparison. Air-sea CO2 fluxes were measured directly at each station inside of a floating bell (Sugiura et al. 1963, Frankignoulle and Disteche 1984, Frankignoulle 1988, Gattuso et al. 1993, Kayanne et al. 1995) using the procedure and calculations of Frankignoulle (1988). Air-sea O2 fluxes wree determined by measuring atmospheric and water pO2 and calculating fluxes as described in Wanninkhof (1992). Differences in oxygen and carbon metabolism between upstream and downstream stations will be corrected for O2 and CO2 exchange with the atmosphere as described in (Gattuso et al., 1993). Productivity and metabolic rates per unit area were calculated using the difference in concentration between upstream and downstream stations, the volume of water transported along a transect, and the transect area such that the change in concentration of a parameter (dC/m2/s) = C/m3 x m3/hr)/m2 (Barnes and Devereux, 1984). Productivity data from multiple transects in Florida Bay were used to estimate daily production rates for Florida Bay. Comparison of these data with previous productivity estimates and sediment accumulation rates will indicate whether discrepancies between production and accumulation rates are due to measurement and calculation techniques or to some real change in the productivity of the Bay. Process_Date: 2002 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Robert Halley Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Project Chief Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 Fourth Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3020 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhalley@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: Florida Bay Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Florida Bay bottom types map Distribution_Liability: The data have no explicit or implied guarantees. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Adobe Acrobat PDF Format_Information_Content: The file contains an image of the bottom types map. Transfer_Size: 0.3 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/97-526/ Access_Instructions: Log onto the SOFIA web site at http://sofia.usgs.gov Fees: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Florida Bay salinity data Distribution_Liability: No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/exchange/halley/halleysalt.html Access_Instructions: data are available for download from the SOFIA web site Fees: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Florida Bay Air:Sea Carbon Dioxide Exchange maps Distribution_Liability: No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: JPEG Transfer_Size: 0.2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/geo_monitor/maps/carbon-fluxes/ Access_Instructions: maps are available for download from the SOFIA web site Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Adobe Acrobat PDF Transfer_Size: 0.09 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/geo_monitor/maps/carbon-fluxes/ Access_Instructions: maps are available for download from the SOFIA web site Fees: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Florida Bay Surface maps Distribution_Liability: No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: JPEG Format_Information_Content: surface maps showing temperature, salinities, pH, and dissolved oxygen for Feb. and April, 2002 Transfer_Size: 0.2 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/geo_monitor/maps/mps-surfaces/ Access_Instructions: maps are available for download from the SOFIA website Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Adobe Acrobat PDF Format_Information_Content: surface maps showing temperature, salinities, pH, and dissolved oxygen for Feb. and April, 2002 Transfer_Size: 0.09 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/geo_monitor/maps/mps-surfaces/ Access_Instructions: maps are available for download from the SOFIA website Fees: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather S.Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 600 Fourth St. South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hhenkel@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Florida Bay salinity maps Distribution_Liability: No warrantees are implied or explicit for the data Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Adobe PDF Format_Information_Content: Each file contains a map for a specific date Transfer_Size: 1 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/circulation/data/sal_maps/index.html Access_Instructions: maps are available for download from the SOFIA website Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Format_Version_Number: unknown Format_Information_Content: Each file contains the raw data for a specific date Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://sofia.usgs.gov/projects/circulation/data/sal_maps/index.html Access_Instructions: Log onto the SOFIA website at http://sofia.usgs.gov Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20061023 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Heather Henkel Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 600 Fourth Street South City: St. Petersburg State_or_Province: FL Postal_Code: 33701 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 727 803-8747 ext 3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 727 803-2030 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sofia-metadata@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998