Sudan - Complex Emergency
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Regional Team: Sudan
Disaster Declared: 10/16/2006
Brief Description: In 2006, Sudan made progress toward achieving sustainable peace in some regions of the country, while other areas continue to cope with the effects of conflict. The formation of the joint Government of National Unity (GNU) marked a step in the road toward peace for the southern-based Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the ruling government in Khartoum. The new government was a requirement of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) that the former Government of Sudan and the SPLM signed in January 2005, officially ending Africa’s longest running civil war. The interim national constitution authorized the creation of the Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS) and initiated a six-year interim period, after which Southern Sudan will hold a referendum on independence in 2011. During the 21-year conflict, fighting, famine, and disease killed more than 2 million people, forced an estimated 600,000 people to seek refuge in neighboring countries, and displaced 4 million people within Sudan—the largest internally displaced person (IDP) population in the world. The U.N. estimated that hundreds of thousands of displaced persons returned to Southern Sudan during 2005 and 2006, taxing scarce resources and weak infrastructure.
A separate conflict in the western region of Darfur entered its fourth year, despite a peace agreement between the GNU and one faction of the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA), signed in May 2006. Fighting among armed opposition group factions, Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), and militias has persisted in 2006, displacing hundreds of thousands of civilians and preventing the return of others. The complex emergency in Darfur affected nearly 4 million people, including 2 million IDPs, and approximately 220,000 refugees in eastern Chad. In eastern Sudan, the GNU and the Eastern Front opposition group signed a peace agreement on October 14, 2006, aiming to end the low-level violence and prevent tensions from erupting into widespread conflict.
On October 16, 2006, U.S. Chargé d’Affaires Cameron R. Hume renewed the Sudan disaster declaration for FY 2007. The U.S. Mission in Sudan has declared disasters due to the complex emergency on an annual basis since 1987. USAID is working to provide for the immediate humanitarian needs in Sudan while simultaneously transitioning to longer-term development activities in areas outside of Darfur. The U.S. Government continues to be the largest international donor in Sudan and maintains a robust presence in the country. OFDA partners implement programs targeting IDPs and returnees to Southern Sudan in a variety of sectors, including health and nutrition; food security and agriculture; water, sanitation, and hygiene; emergency relief supplies; income generation; and community and infrastructure rehabilitation. From FY 2004 to FY 2006, OFDA provided more than $481 million of humanitarian assistance to Sudan.
FY2007
FY2006
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