BTS 47-05
Tuesday, October 18, 2005
Contact: Dave Smallen
Tel.: (202) 366-5568
BTS Releases August Passenger Airline Employment Data;
August 2005 Employment Down 5.4 Percent from August 2004
U.S. scheduled passenger airlines employed 446,051 workers in August 2005, 5.4
percent fewer than in August 2004, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s
Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) reported today (Table 1).
BTS, a part of the Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA),
reported that the seven network carriers employed 296,537 total full-time and
part-time workers – 8.6 percent fewer workers in August 2005 than a year earlier
(Table 2). The low-cost carriers reported 74,927 total employees, 0.2 percent
fewer than August 2004 (Table 3); and the regional carriers reported 60,869
total employees, 3.7 percent more than the previous year (Table 4).
August was the eighth consecutive month of year-over-year declines in airline
employment levels for the scheduled passenger carriers since BTS began tracking
the numbers. But part-time employee numbers continued to grow modestly with a
0.1 percent increase in August.
Many regional carriers were not required to report employment numbers before
2003, so year-to-year comparisons involving regional carriers as a group, or the
full industry, are not appropriate for earlier years. BTS is providing pre-2003
comparisons for network and low-cost carriers, as well as pre-2003 numbers for
individual regional carriers that were required to report in earlier years.
Airlines that operate at least one aircraft with the capacity to carry combined
passengers, cargo and fuel of 18,000 pounds – the payload factor – must report
monthly employment statistics.
Numbers for Independence Air, which changed its business model from a regional
to low-cost carrier in mid-2004, have been included with low-cost carriers for
2003, 2004 and 2005. This change reflects that carrier’s current business model
as a low-cost operator.
Using Full-Time Equivalent Employees (FTE) calculations, employment at network
carriers in August dropped 35.9 percent from 2001 to 2005. The biggest declines
were at US Airways, down 52.1 percent; and United Airlines, down 44.1 percent
(Table 5). In FTE calculations, part-time workers are counted as one-half of a
full-time employee.
The seven low-cost carriers, excluding Independence, that were required to
report employment data in 2001 and 2005 employed 11.3 percent more FTEs in
August 2005 than in August 2001 (Table 6).
The seven regional carriers that were required to report employment data in 2001
and 2005 employed 8.8 percent more FTEs in August 2005 than in August 2001. Of
that group, only Horizon Air reported fewer FTE employees in August 2005 than
August 2001 (Table 7).
In this release, Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 use total numbers for full-time and
part-time employees, while employee numbers in Tables 5, 6, 7 and 8 show FTEs.
The 5.7 percent drop in FTEs was the eighth consecutive month of year-over-year
declines in airline employment levels for the scheduled passenger carriers, and
it was the largest decrease for that period. It was also the fifth consecutive
month with a year-to-year decline of more than 3 per cent (Table 8).
Network carriers operate a significant portion of their flights using at least
one hub where connections are made for flights to down-line destinations or
spoke cities. Low-cost carriers are those that the industry generally recognizes
as operating under a low-cost business model with fewer infrastructure costs.
Regional carriers provide service from small cities, using primarily regional
jets to support the network carriers’ hub and spoke systems.
The Other Carrier category generally reflects those airlines that operate within
specific niche markets such as Aloha and Hawaiian Airlines in serving the
Hawaiian Islands.
Data are compiled from monthly reports filed with BTS by commercial air carriers
as of Oct. 12.
Additional airline employment data can be found on the BTS website at
http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information/number_of_employees/. BTS has
scheduled release of September airline employment data for Nov. 15.
Table 1: Passenger Airline Employment, August 2004-2005
|
August 2004 |
August 2005 |
Pct. Change 2004-2005 |
Total (39) |
|
|
|
Total |
471,356 |
446,051 |
-5.4 |
Full-time |
415,188 |
389,802 |
-6.1 |
Part-time |
56,168 |
56,249 |
0.1 |
Network Carriers (7) |
|
|
|
Total |
324,496 |
296,537 |
-8.6 |
Full-time |
286,137 |
259,009 |
-9.5 |
Part-time |
38,359 |
37,528 |
-2.2 |
Low Cost Carriers (8)* |
|
|
|
Total |
75,078 |
74,927 |
-0.2 |
Full-time |
68,075 |
67,182 |
-1.3 |
Part-time |
7,003 |
7,745 |
10.6 |
Regional Carriers (13) |
|
|
|
Total |
58,718 |
60,869 |
3.7 |
Full-time |
51,398 |
53,526 |
4.1 |
Part-time |
7,320 |
7,343 |
0.3 |
Other Carriers (10)** |
|
|
|
Total |
13,064 |
13,728 |
5.1 |
Full-time |
9,578 |
10,085 |
5.3 |
Part-time |
3,486 |
3,633 |
4.2 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
*Independence Air (formerly known as Atlantic Coast Airlines) data have been included in 2004 and 2005 totals for low-cost carriers, reflecting the current change in its business model.
** Allegiant Air, Aloha Airlines, Casino
Express Airlines, Continental Micronesia, Hawaiian Airlines, Midwest Airlines,
Shuttle America, Sun Country Airlines, TransMeridian Airlines, USA3000
Airlines.
Table 2: Total Number of Employees: Network Carriers, August 2001-2005
(number of current carriers in parentheses)
|
Total |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
Full-time |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
Part-time |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
2001 (8) |
462,785 |
N/A |
404,001 |
N/A |
58,784 |
N/A |
2002 (7) |
395,012 |
-14.6 |
348,306 |
-13.8 |
46,706 |
-20.5 |
2003 (7) |
330,499 |
-16.3 |
290,785 |
-16.5 |
39,714 |
-15.0 |
2004 (7) |
324,496 |
-1.8 |
286,137 |
-1.6 |
38,359 |
-3.4 |
2005 (7) |
296,537 |
-8.6 |
259,009 |
-9.5 |
37,528 |
-2.2 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Table 3: Total Number of Employees: Low-cost Carriers, August 2001-2005 (number of current carriers in parentheses)
|
Total |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
Full-time |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
Part-time |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
2001 (11) |
68,738 |
N/A |
61,280 |
N/A |
7,458 |
N/A |
2002 (11) |
69,764 |
1.5 |
63,265 |
3.2 |
6,499 |
-12.9 |
2003 (8) |
74,139 |
6.3 |
67,490 |
6.7 |
6,649 |
2.3 |
2004 (8) |
75,078 |
1.3 |
68,075 |
0.9 |
7,003 |
5.3 |
2005 (8) |
74,927 |
-0.2 |
67,182 |
-1.3 |
7,745 |
10.6 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Table 4: Total Number of Employees: Regional Carriers, August 2003-2005 (number of current carriers in parentheses)
|
Total |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
Full-time |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
Part-time |
Pct. Chge from previous year |
2003 (11) |
44,381 |
N/A |
39,147 |
N/A |
5,234 |
N/A |
2004 (13) |
58,718 |
32.3 |
51,398 |
31.3 |
7,320 |
39.9 |
2005 (13) |
60,869 |
3.7 |
53,526 |
4.1 |
7,343 |
0.3 |
Source:
Bureau of Transportation Statistics
NOTE: Regional group numbers for years before 2003
are not included because of the limited number of regional carriers that met
the requirement for filing reports.
Table 5: Network Carrier FTE Employees, August 2001-2005*
(Ranked by August 2005 FTE Employees)
Rank |
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
Percentage Full-time Employees 2001 2005 |
|
1 |
American** |
96,254 |
99,575 |
81,951 |
79,814 |
75,905 |
85.4 |
86.0 |
2 |
United |
96,423 |
79,690 |
59,840 |
58,490 |
53,923 |
90.4 |
88.6 |
3 |
Delta |
75,995 |
66,148 |
59,037 |
57,850 |
51,967 |
83.4 |
88.6 |
4 |
Northwest |
50,060 |
45,142 |
38,615 |
38,389 |
33,105 |
93.2 |
93.8 |
5 |
Continental |
42,143 |
36,938 |
34,679 |
34,842 |
32,603 |
79.1 |
80.3 |
6 |
US Airways |
44,387 |
33,842 |
26,413 |
25,851 |
21,283 |
90.6 |
86.4 |
7 |
Alaska |
10,277 |
10,325 |
10,109 |
10,182 |
8,988 |
88.0 |
89.5 |
8 |
TWA |
17,856 |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
94.4 |
N/A |
|
Total |
433,393 |
371,659 |
310,642 |
305,317 |
277,773 |
87.3 |
87.3 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding
* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count part-time workers as one-half of a full-time employee.
.**American Airline’s statistics beginning in June 2001 reflect that carrier’s absorption of former TWA employees that were retained by AA after its April 2001 acquisition of TWA’s assets.
Table 6: Low-Cost Carrier FTE Employees, August 2001-2005*
(Ranked by August 2005 FTE Employees)
Rank |
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
Percentage Full-time Employees 2001 2005 |
|
1 |
Southwest |
30,794 |
33,624 |
32,735 |
30,885 |
31,463 |
97.7 |
98.4 |
2 |
America West |
12,432 |
11,723 |
10,984 |
11,422 |
11,846 |
79.8 |
76.6 |
3 |
JetBlue |
1,687 |
3,073 |
4,624 |
6,203 |
7,739 |
71.5 |
82.1 |
4 |
AirTran |
4,021 |
4,599 |
5,252 |
5,711 |
6,305 |
89.0 |
92.4 |
5 |
ATA |
7,554 |
6,614 |
7,479 |
6,605 |
4,376 |
87.9 |
91.7 |
6 |
Frontier |
2,348 |
2,661 |
3,084 |
4,019 |
4,082 |
82.8 |
79.3 |
7 |
Independence** |
N/A |
N/A |
4,198 |
4,310 |
3,150 |
N/A |
84.3 |
8 |
Spirit |
2,189 |
2,313 |
2,460 |
2,425 |
2,094 |
85.3 |
89.3 |
|
Total*** |
61,025 |
64,606 |
70,815 |
71,577 |
71,055 |
90.2 |
89.7 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding
* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count part-time workers as one-half of a full-time employee.
**Employment numbers in 2003, 2004 and 2005 for Independence Air, which changed its business model from a regional to low-cost carrier in mid-2004, are included with low-cost carriers. The carrier did not meet the standard for filing in previous years.
*** Total numbers for carriers operating in 2005.
Table 7: Regional Carrier FTE Employees, August 2000-2004*
(Ranked by August 2005 FTE Employees)
Rank |
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
Percentage Full-time Employees 2001 2005 |
|
1 |
American Eagle |
9,239 |
8,605 |
7,474 |
8,793 |
9,408 |
87.0 |
88.4 |
2 |
Sky West |
N/A |
N/A |
5,229 |
6,588 |
7,875 |
N/A |
86.9 |
3 |
Comair |
N/A |
N/A |
5,617 |
5,878 |
6,604 |
N/A |
90.9 |
4 |
Express Jet |
N/A |
4,694 |
5,722 |
6,264 |
6,530 |
N/A |
91.8 |
5 |
Atlantic Southeast |
4,115 |
4,802 |
5,360 |
5,736 |
5,540 |
92.5 |
94.2 |
6 |
Horizon |
3,662 |
3,491 |
3,348 |
3,344 |
3,427 |
84.2 |
87.0 |
7 |
Mesaba |
3,231 |
3,255 |
3,039 |
3,122 |
3,365 |
75.9 |
75.4 |
8 |
Mesa |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
3,842 |
3,330 |
N/A |
99.0 |
9 |
Air Wisconsin |
2,949 |
2,710 |
2,641 |
3,810 |
3,103 |
89.5 |
92.2 |
10 |
Pinnacle |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
2,303 |
3,094 |
N/A |
70.9 |
11 |
Executive |
1,239 |
1,117 |
1,877 |
1,986 |
1,784 |
75.9 |
77.4 |
12 |
PSA |
N/A |
N/A |
N/A |
1,895 |
1,699 |
N/A |
84.7 |
13 |
Trans States |
1,359 |
991 |
1,144 |
1,411 |
1,442 |
89.7 |
95.1 |
|
Total** |
25,793 |
29,664 |
41,764 |
55,058 |
57,198 |
85.8 |
87.9 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
Note: Many regional carriers were not required to report employment numbers before 2003 so year-to-year comparisons involving regional carriers as a group, or the full industry, are not appropriate for earlier years.
Note: Detail may not add to total due to rounding
* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count part-time workers as one-half of a full-time employee.
** Total numbers for carriers operating in 2005.
N/A: Carriers did not meet the standard for filing.
Table 8: Change in FTE Employees from the Previous Year*
Percentage change compared to same month the previous year
Month |
Network Carriers (Pct. Change) |
Low-Cost Carriers** (Pct. Change) |
Regional Carriers (Pct. Change) |
All Passenger Airlines*** (Pct. Change) |
Dec. 2003-Dec. 2004 |
-3.5 |
0.5 |
29.4 |
0.7 |
Jan. 2004-Jan. 2005 |
-4.3 |
0.4 |
15.8 |
-1.0 |
Feb. 2004-Feb. 2005 |
-4.6 |
0.6 |
13.8 |
-1.4 |
Mar. 2004-Mar. 2005 |
-5.0 |
0.0 |
13.3 |
-1.9 |
Apr. 2004-Apr. 2005 |
-6.5 |
-0.7 |
12.2 |
-3.1 |
May 2004-May 2005 |
-6.7 |
-1.0 |
10.9 |
-3.4 |
June 2004-June 2005 |
-7.0 |
-1.1 |
10.0 |
-3.7 |
July 2004-July 2005 |
-5.6 |
-1.5 |
4.9 |
-3.3 |
Aug. 2004-Aug. 2005 |
-9.0 |
-0.7 |
3.9 |
-5.7 |
Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics
* Full-time Equivalent Employee (FTE) calculations count part-time workers as one-half of a full-time employee.
**Employment numbers in 2003, 2004 and 2005 for Independence Air, which changed its business model from a regional to low-cost carrier in mid-2004, are included with low-cost carriers.
*** Includes network, low-cost, regional and other carriers.
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