BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Incorporate March 2007 Benchmarks
Daniel Jackson
Daniel Jackson is an economist in the Division of Current Employment
Statistics, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Telephone: (202) 691-6555; e-mail: CESInfo@bls.gov
With the release of data for January 2008, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced its annual revision of national estimates
of employment, hours, and earnings from the Current Employment Statistics
(CES) monthly survey of nonfarm establishments. Each year, the CES survey realigns its sample-based estimates to
incorporate universe counts of employment—a process
known as benchmarking. Comprehensive
counts of employment, or benchmarks, are derived primarily from unemployment insurance (UI) tax reports that nearly all
employers are required to file with State Workforce
Agencies.
The March 2007 benchmark level for total nonfarm employment is 136,533,000; this
figure is 293,000 below the sample-based estimate for March 2007, an
adjustment of -0.2 percent. Table
1 shows the total nonfarm percentage benchmark revisions for
the past ten years.
Table 2 shows the
nonfarm employment benchmarks for March
2007, not seasonally adjusted, by industry. As is usually the case, benchmark revisions at many industry levels were larger in percentage terms than at total nonfarm, but were offsetting. No individual supersector dominated in terms of the size of revision. Six supersectors had downward revisions. The largest downward revision occurred in manufacturing with a revision of -137,000, or -1.0 percent. The revision is concentrated in machinery, revised by -33,900 or -2.9 percent, plastic and rubber products, revised by -33,400 or -4.4 percent, and computer and electronic products, revised by -29,000 or -2.3 percent.
Other supersectors had downward revisions of similar magnitude. Estimates in financial activities were revised -111,000, or -1.3 percent, while estimates were revised downward by 108,000, or 0.8 percent, in leisure and hospitality. Within financial activities, insurance carriers was revised -47,700, or -3.4 percent. Limited-service eating places revised in leisure and hospitality by -46,000, or -1.1.
Information had a revision of -54,000, or -1.8 percent. Most of the revision in information was driven by telecommunications, which was revised down by 29,600, or -2.9 percent. Other supersectors with downward revisions were government (-52,000, or -0.2 percent) and education and health services (-39,000, or -0.2 percent).
Four supersectors had upward revisions. Trade, transportation, and utilities was revised upward by 140,000, or 0.5 percent. Within the supersector, retail trade dominated with a revision of 107,500, or 0.7 percent. Also contributing was an upward revision in wholesale trade of 21,500, or 0.4 percent, and an upward revision in transportation and warehousing of 11,500, or 0.3 percent. The other supersectors with upward revisions were professional and business services (revised up 44,000 or 0.2 percent), other services (18,000 or 0.3 percent), and construction (6,000 or 0.1 percent).
Post-benchmark period estimates from April 2007 to October 2007
were calculated for each month based on new benchmark levels, new model-based
estimates for the net of birth/death employment, and a slightly new sample
composition resulting from the annual sample update (beginning with November).
Text table A shows
the net birth/death model figures for the supersectors over the post-benchmark
period. From April 2007 to December 2007, the cumulative net birth/death
model added 883,000, compared with 1,059,000 in the previously published April to
December estimates.
|
Natural Resources & Mining |
Construction |
Manufacturing |
Trade, Transportation, & Utilities |
Information |
Financial Activities |
Professional & Business Services |
Education & Health Services |
Leisure & Hospitality |
Other Services |
Monthly Amount Contributed |
| 2007 |
April |
2 |
37 |
-14 |
30 |
2 |
1 |
48 |
47 |
95 |
14 |
262 |
| May |
1 |
38 |
5 |
26 |
2 |
5 |
8 |
6 |
76 |
7 |
174 |
| June |
2 |
26 |
4 |
17 |
-1 |
5 |
16 |
-10 |
90 |
6 |
155 |
| July |
1 |
2 |
-17 |
-11 |
-5 |
-5 |
-6 |
-3 |
55 |
-8 |
3 |
| August |
1 |
14 |
3 |
16 |
4 |
6 |
17 |
11 |
26 |
4 |
102 |
| September |
1 |
11 |
1 |
19 |
0 |
5 |
6 |
14 |
-30 |
2 |
29 |
| October |
0 |
12 |
-8 |
22 |
1 |
11 |
38 |
24 |
-29 |
0 |
71 |
| November |
0 |
-6 |
2 |
13 |
2 |
3 |
7 |
7 |
-11 |
0 |
17 |
| December |
1 |
-7 |
2 |
19 |
2 |
17 |
9 |
7 |
16 |
4 |
70 |
| Cumulative Total |
9 |
127 |
-22 |
151 |
7 |
48 |
143 |
103 |
288 |
29 |
883 |
A benchmark revision is the difference between the benchmark employment level for a given
March and its corresponding sample-based estimate. The overall accuracy of the establishment survey is usually gauged by the size of this difference. The benchmark revision often is regarded as a proxy for total survey error, but this does not take into account error in the universe data. The employment counts obtained from quarterly unemployment insurance tax
forms are administrative data that reflect employer record-keeping practices and
differing State laws and procedures. The benchmark revision can be more precisely interpreted as the difference between two independently derived employment counts, each subject to its own error
sources.
Like all sample surveys, the establishment survey is susceptible to two sources of error: sampling error and nonsampling error. Sampling error is present any time a sample is used to make inferences about a population. The magnitude of the sampling error, or variance, relates directly to sample size and the percentage of the universe covered by that sample. The CES monthly survey captures slightly under one-third of the universe, exceptionally high by usual sampling standards. This coverage insures a small sampling error at the total nonfarm
employment level.
Both the universe counts and the establishment survey estimates are subject to nonsampling errors common to all surveys—coverage, response, and processing errors. The error structures for both the CES monthly survey and the UI universe are complex. Still, the two
programs generally produce consistent total employment figures, each validating the other. Over the last decade, annual benchmark revisions at the total nonfarm level have averaged 0.2 percent, with an absolute range from less than 0.05 percent to 0.6 percent.
The routine benchmarking process results in revisions to the series for production
and nonsupervisory workers. There are no benchmark employment levels for these series; they are revised by preserving ratios of employment for the particular data type to all employees employment prior to benchmarking, and then applying these ratios to the revised all-employee figures. These figures are calculated at the basic cell level and then aggregated to produce the summary estimates.
Average weekly hours and average hourly earnings are not benchmarked; they are estimated solely from reports supplied by survey respondents at the basic estimating cell level.
The aggregate industry level of the hours and earnings series are derived as a weighted average. The production or nonsupervisory worker employment estimates for the basic cells
are used as weights for the hours and earnings estimates for broader industry groupings. Adjustments of the all employee estimates to new benchmarks may alter the weights, which, in turn, may change the estimates for hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers at higher levels of aggregation.
Generally, new employment benchmarks have little effect on hours and earnings estimates for major groupings. To influence the hours and earnings estimates of a broader group, employment revisions have to be relatively large and must affect industries that have hours or earnings averages that are substantially different from those of other industries in their group. Table 4 gives information on the levels of specific hours and earnings series resulting from the March 2007 benchmark. At the total private level, there was no change in average weekly hours from the previously published level, while average hourly earnings was decreased from the previously published level by 1 cent.
Benchmark adjustment procedure. Establishment survey benchmarking is done on an annual basis to a population derived primarily from the administrative file of employees covered by unemployment insurance (UI). The time required to complete the revision process--from the full collection of the UI population data to publication of the revised industry estimates--is about 10 months. The benchmark adjustment procedure replaces the March sample-based employment estimates with UI-based population counts for March. The benchmark therefore determines the final employment levels, while sample movements capture month-to-month trends.
Benchmarks are established for each basic estimating cell and are aggregated to develop published levels. On a not seasonally adjusted basis, the sample-based estimates for the year preceding and the year following the benchmark also are then subject to revision. Employment estimates for the months between the most recent March benchmark and the previous year's benchmark are adjusted using a "wedge-back" procedure. In this process, the difference between the benchmark level and the previously published March estimate for each estimating cell is computed. This difference, or error, is linearly distributed across the 11 months of estimates subsequent to the previous benchmark; eleven-twelfths of the March difference is added to February estimates, ten-twelfths to January estimates, and so on, ending with the previous April estimates, which receive one-twelfth of the March difference. The wedge procedure assumes that the total estimation error accumulated at a steady rate since the last benchmark. Applying previously derived over-the-month sample changes to the revised March level yields revised estimates for the months following the March benchmark. New net birth/death model estimates also are calculated and applied during post-benchmark estimation, and new sample is introduced from the annual update.
Benchmark source material. The principal source of benchmark data for private industries is the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). These employment data are provided to State Employment Security Agencies by employers covered by State UI laws. BLS uses several other sources to establish benchmarks for the remaining industries partially covered or exempt from mandatory UI coverage, accounting for nearly 3 percent of the nonfarm employment total.
Data on employees covered under Social Security laws, published by the U.S. Census Bureau in County Business Patterns, are used to augment UI data for industries not fully covered by the UI scope, such as nonoffice insurance sales workers, child daycare workers, religious organizations, and private schools and hospitals. Benchmarks for State and local government hospitals and educational institutions are based on the Annual Census of Governments conducted by the Census Bureau. Benchmark data from these sources are available only on a lagged basis. Extrapolation to a current level is accomplished by applying the employment trends from the UI-covered part of the population in these industries to the noncovered part. Universe data for interstate railroads are obtained from the Railroad Retirement Board.
Business birth and death estimation. Regular updating of the CES sample
frame with information from the UI universe
files helps to keep the CES survey current with respect to employment from
business births and business deaths. The timeliest UI universe files available,
however, always will be a minimum of 9 months out of date. The CES survey thus
can not rely on regular frame maintenance alone to provide estimates for
business birth and death employment contributions. BLS has researched both
sample-based and model-based approaches to measuring birth units that have not
yet appeared on the UI universe frame. Since the research demonstrated that sampling
for births was not feasible in the very short CES production timeframes, the Bureau is utilizing a model-based approach for this component.
Earlier research
indicated that while both the business birth and death portions of total
employment are generally significant, the net contribution is relatively small
and stable. To account for this net birth/death portion of total employment, BLS
is utilizing an estimation procedure with two components. The first component
uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is
incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply
not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time
series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not
accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the UI universe micro level database, and reflects the actual residual net of
births and deaths over the past five years. The net birth/death model component figures are
unique to each month and include negative adjustments in some months. Furthermore, these figures may exhibit a seasonal pattern observed in the
historical UI universe data series.
LABSTAT,
the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all historical employment,
hours, and earnings data revised as a result of this benchmark, including both unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted data. The data can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/ces/,
the Current Employment Statistics homepage.
Conversion to the 2007 North American Industry Classification System
Also with the release of the January 2008 data, the CES national nonfarm payroll series were updated to the 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) from the 2002 NAICS basis. The conversion to NAICS 2007 resulted in minor definitional changes within the manufacturing, information, financial activities, and professional and technical services sectors. The most significant revisions are in the Information sector, particularly within the Telecommunications area. None of the revisions crossed supersector boundaries.
In order to avoid time series breaks, all impacted series were reconstructed back to at least 1990. For a small number of series, the reconstruction extends back prior to 1990, to the previously existing start date of the series. The reconstruction methodology is based on the first quarter 2007 unemployment insurance (UI) microdata, which were coded on both a 2002 NAICS and a 2007 NAICS basis. Ratios were established from this dual coded file; the ratios were used to map employment from the 2002 NAICS series to the 2007 NAICS series. For example, the March 2007 employment ratios for 2007 NAICS subsector 50-5171 (wired telecommunications carriers) indicate that 71.6 percent of the series is formed from 2002 NAICS 50-5171, 23 percent of it comes from 2002 NAICS 50-5175 (cable and other program distribution), and 5.4 percent is from 2002 NAICS 50-5181 (ISPs and web search portals). These ratios were applied to the 2002 NAICS series and the results were summed to derive the 2007 NAICS series. The 2002 NAICS to 2007 NAICS employment ratios, or distribution of employment from 2002 NAICS to 2007 NAICS, can be seen in exhibit 1. The 2007 NAICS to 2002 NAICS employment ratios, or the composition of the 2007 NAICS series from 2002 NAICS , can be seen in exhibit 2.
Exhibit 1. 2002 NAICS to 2007 NAICS employment ratios
|
CES NAICS 2002 Tabcode |
2002 Industry |
CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode |
2007 Industry |
Ratio |
| 31-334200 |
Communications equipment |
31-334200 |
Communications equipment |
96.3 |
| 31-334200 |
Communications equipment |
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
3.7 |
| 31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
31-333200 |
Industrial machinery |
0.3 |
| 31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
31-333400 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
0.1 |
| 31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
31-333990 |
All other general purpose machinery |
0.4 |
| 31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture |
0.9 |
| 31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
98.4 |
| 32-315211 |
Men's cut and sew apparel contractors |
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
21 |
| 32-315211 |
Men's cut and sew apparel contractors |
32-315211 |
Men's cut and sew apparel contractors |
79 |
| 32-315212 |
Women's cut and sew apparel contractors |
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
3.9 |
| 32-315212 |
Women's cut and sew apparel contractors |
32-315212 |
Women's cut and sew apparel contractors |
96.1 |
| 32-326190 |
Other plastics products |
31-336612 |
Boat Building |
0.2 |
| 32-326190 |
Other plastics products |
32-326190 |
Other plastics products |
99.8 |
| 32-326291 |
Rubber products for mechanical use |
32-326291 |
Rubber products for mechanical use |
91.7 |
| 32-326291 |
Rubber products for mechanical use |
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
8.3 |
| 32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
31-336612 |
Boat Building |
0.7 |
| 32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
99.3 |
| 50-516000 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting |
50-519100 |
All other information services |
100 |
| 50-517212 |
Cellular and other wireless carriers |
50-517200 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) |
100 |
| 50-517300 |
Telecommunications resellers |
50-517911 |
Telecommunications resellers |
100 |
| 50-517500 |
Cable and other program distribution |
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
100 |
| 50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
41 |
| 50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
50-517919 |
All other telecommunications |
28 |
| 50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
50-519100 |
All other information services |
31.1 |
| 55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
90.4 |
| 55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
55-531110 |
Lessors of residential buildings |
4.1 |
| 55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
55-531120 |
Lessors of nonresidential buildings |
3.7 |
| 55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
55-531130 |
Miniwarehouse and self-storage unit operators |
0.4 |
| 55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
55-531190 |
Lessors of other real estate property |
1.4 |
| 60-541612 |
Human resource consulting services |
60-541612 |
Human resource consulting services |
72.9 |
| 60-541612 |
Human resource consulting services |
60-561312 |
Executive search services |
27.1 |
| 60-561310 |
Employment placement agencies |
60-561311 |
Employment placement agencies |
100 |
Exhibit 2. 2007 NAICS to 2002 NAICS employment ratios
|
CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode |
2007 Industry |
CES NAICS 2002 Tabcode |
2002 Industry |
Ratio |
|
31-333200 |
Industrial machinery |
31-333200 |
Industrial machinery |
99.4 |
|
31-333200 |
Industrial machinery |
31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
0.6 |
|
31-333400 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
31-333400 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
99.9 |
|
31-333400 |
HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment |
31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
0.1 |
|
31-333990 |
All other general purpose machinery |
31-333990 |
All other general purpose machinery |
99.1 |
|
31-333990 |
All other general purpose machinery |
31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
0.9 |
|
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
89.3 |
|
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
31-334200 |
Communications equipment |
10.7 |
|
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
89.3 |
|
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
31-334220 |
Broadcast and wireless communications equipment |
10.7 |
|
31-336612 |
Boat building |
31-336612 |
Boat building |
98.4 |
|
31-336612 |
Boat building |
32-326190 |
Other plastics products |
1.3 |
|
31-336612 |
Boat building |
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
0.3 |
|
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture |
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture |
93.8 |
|
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture |
31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
6.2 |
|
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
88.3 |
|
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
32-315211 |
Men's cut and sew apparel contractors |
6.7 |
|
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
32-315212 |
Women's cut and sew apparel contractors |
5 |
|
32-315210 |
Cut and sew apparel contractors |
32-315212 |
Women's cut and sew apparel contractors |
83.3 |
|
32-315210 |
Cut and sew apparel contractors |
32-315211 |
Men's cut and sew apparel contractors |
16.7 |
|
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
88.9 |
|
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
32-326291 |
Rubber products for mechanical use |
11.1 |
|
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
71.6 |
|
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
50-517500 |
Cable and other program distribution |
23 |
|
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
5.4 |
|
50-517200 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) |
50-517212 |
Cellular and other wireless carriers |
92 |
|
50-517200 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) |
50-517200 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) |
8 |
|
50-517900 |
Other telecommunications |
50-517300 |
Telecommunications resellers |
72.6 |
|
50-517900 |
Other telecommunications |
50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
14.6 |
|
50-517900 |
Other telecommunications |
50-517900 |
Satellite and other telecommunications |
12.7 |
|
50-517911 |
Telecommunications resellers |
50-517300 |
Telecommunications resellers |
100 |
|
50-519130 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals |
50-516000 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting |
60.8 |
|
50-519130 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals |
50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
39.2 |
|
55-531110 |
Lessors of residential buildings |
55-531110 |
Lessors of residential buildings |
99.5 |
|
55-531110 |
Lessors of residential buildings |
55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
0.5 |
|
55-531120 |
Lessors of nonresidential buildings |
55-531120 |
Lessors of nonresidential buildings |
98.9 |
|
55-531120 |
Lessors of nonresidential buildings |
55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
1.1 |
|
55-531130 |
Miniwarehouse and self-storage unit operators |
55-531130 |
Miniwarehouse and self-storage unit operators |
99.5 |
|
55-531130 |
Miniwarehouse and self-storage unit operators |
55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
0.5 |
|
55-531190 |
Lessors of other real estate property |
55-531190 |
Lessors of other real estate property |
98.5 |
|
55-531190 |
Lessors of other real estate property |
55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
1.5 |
|
60-561311 |
Employment placement agencies |
60-561310 |
Employment placement agencies |
100 |
|
60-561312 |
Executive search services |
60-541612 |
Human resource consulting services |
100 |
None of the revisions due to the 2007 NAICS conversion crossed supersector boundaries. However, in some instances, employment levels for impacted supersectors and higher-level aggregates may differ from the previously published levels. Any differences are minimal and are due to rounding of the lower level reconstructed series which are aggregated to form the higher level series.
A comparable procedure is used for hours and earnings series. Reconstructed hours and earnings for the impacted series are produced from a weighted average of the 2002 NAICS component series, the weights being the 2002 NAICS to 2007 NAICS ratios (described above). An example of the hours and earnings reconstruction is illustrated in exhibit 3.
Exhibit 3. Hours and earnings reconstruction example using 2007 NAICS code 50-517100 - Wireless telecommunications carriers 1
| 2002 NAICS Structure |
2007 NAICS Structure |
| 2002 NAICS code |
Ratio 2
|
Production workers |
Aggregate hours |
Aggregate payrolls |
Production workers |
Aggregate hours |
Aggregate payrolls |
Average weekly hours 4
|
Average hourly earnings 5
|
| 50-5171 |
1.00 |
402,300 |
16,655,000 |
407,553,000 |
402,300 |
16,655,000 |
407,553,000 |
|
|
| 50-5175 |
1.00 |
114,500 |
4,557,000 |
78,792,000 |
114,500 |
4,557,000 |
78,792,000 |
|
|
| 50-5181 |
0.43 |
90,400 |
3,318,000 |
81,383,000 |
39,100 |
1,433,400 |
35,158,000 |
|
|
| Sum 3 |
555,900 |
22,645,400 |
521,503,000 |
40.7 |
23.03 |
1 Data are derived from March 2006 unemployment insurance data
2 The ratio represents the percent of employment in the 2002 NAICS industry that went into a specific 2007 NAICS industry
3 2007 NAICS data where sum represents new level of production workers, aggregate hours, and aggregate payrolls
4 Average weekly hours = aggregate hours/production workers
5 Average hourly earnings = aggregate payrolls/aggregate hours
As mentioned earlier, these ratios were used to reconstruct impacted series back to at least 1990. For April 2007 forward, the data for all 2007 NAICS series were produced in accordance with standard sample-based estimation techniques. The employment, hours, and earnings for impacted series were re-estimated using existing sample reports.
Changes to the CES published series
The conversion to 2007 NAICS caused several changes to the CES published series. Exhibit 4 shows discontinued 2002 NAICS series that have been reclassified into 2007 NAICS. Exhibit 5 shows new series as a result of 2007 NAICS. Exhibit 6 shows changes in scope to published series due to the 2007 NAICS reclassification.
Exhibit 4. Discontinued 2002 NAICS series and reclassification into 2007 NAICS series
|
NAICS 2002 |
CES NAICS 2002 Tabcode |
Title |
Reclassification |
| 516 |
50-516000 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting |
Moved into new 2007 NAICS industry Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130) |
| 517212 |
50-517212 |
Cellular and other wireless carriers |
Combined with paging (50-517211) as Wireless telecommunications carriers (50-517200) |
| 5173 |
50-517300 |
Telecommunications resellers |
Moved to Other telecommunications (50-519100) as Telecommunications resellers (50-517919) |
| 5175 |
50-517500 |
Cable and other program distribution |
Moved into Wired telecommunications carriers (50-517100) |
| 5181 |
50-518100 |
ISPs and web search portals |
Moved the Web search portals portion to Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130); Moved ISPs providing services via client-supplied telecommunications connection portion to Other telecommunications (50-517900); Moved the Broadband internet service providers (e.g., cable, DSL) portion to Wired telecommunications carriers (50-517100) |
Exhibit 5. New series as a result of 2007 NAICS
|
NAICS 2007 |
CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode |
Title |
Composed of NAICS 2002 industries |
| 5179 |
50-517900 |
Other telecommunications |
Other telecommunications (50-517900) and Telecommunications resellers (50-517300) |
| 517911 |
50-517911 |
Telecommunications resellers |
Telecommunications resellers (50-517300) |
| 51911,2,9 |
50-519190 |
All other information services |
Other information services (50-519100) |
| 51913 |
50-519130 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals |
Internet publishing and broadcasting (50-516000) and the web search portals portion of (50-518000) |
| 561311 |
60-561311 |
Employment placement agencies |
Employment placement agencies (60-561310) |
| 561312 |
60-561312 |
Executive search services |
A portion of Human resource consulting services (60-541612) |
Exhibit 6. Change in scope due to 2007 NAICS
NAICS 2007 |
CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode |
Title |
Composed of NAICS 2002 industries |
| 33422 |
31-334220 |
Broadcasting and wireless communications equipment |
A portion of Broadcasting and wireless communications equipment (31-334220) devoted to communications signal testing and evaluation equipment was moved to Electricity and signal testing instruments (31-334515) |
| 334515 |
31-334515 |
Electricity and signal testing instruments |
A portion of Broadcasting and wireless communications equipment (31-334220) devoted to communications signal testing and evaluation equipment was added to Electricity and signal testing instruments (31-334515) |
| 33911 |
31-339100 |
Medical equipment and supplies |
Laboratory apparatus and furniture manufacturing was removed from (31-339100) and reclassified into Industrial machinery (31-333200), AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating (31-333415), All other general purpose machinery (31-333900), Surgical appliances and supplies (31-339113), and Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337129) |
| 3332 |
31-333200 |
Industrial machinery |
Laboratory distilling equipment was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added into Industrial machinery (31-333200) |
| 333415 |
31-333415 |
AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating |
Laboratory freezers was removed from Medical equipment supplies (31-339100) and added into AC, refrigeration, and forced air heating (31-334150) |
| 339 |
31-339000 |
All other general purpose machinery |
Laboratory furnaces and ovens, Laboratory scales and balances, and Laboratory centrifuges was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added into All other general purpose machinery (31-339000) |
| 339113 |
31-339113 |
Surgical appliances and supplies |
All other laboratory apparatus and furniture except laboratory distilling equipment, freezers, furnaces, ovens, scales, balances, centrifuges, and furniture was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added to Surgical appliances and supplies (31-339113) |
| 337129 |
31-337129 |
Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture |
Laboratory furniture (e.g., stools, tables, benches) was removed from Medical equipment and supplies (31-339100) and added to Miscellaneous household and institutional furniture (31-337129) |
| 31521 |
32-315210 |
Cut and sew apparel contractors |
Embroidery contractors removed from Cut and sew apparel contractors (32-315210) and added to All other textile product mills (32-31499) |
| 31499 |
32-314990 |
All other textile product mills |
Embroidery contractors from Cut and sew apparel contractors (32-315210) were added to All other textile product mills (32-314990) |
| 32619 |
32-326190 |
Other plastics products |
Inflatable plastics boats was removed from Other plastic products (32-326190) and moved to Boat building (31-336612) |
| 336612 |
31-336612 |
Boat building |
Inflatable plastics boats from Other plastic products (32-326190) and Inflatable rubber boats from All other rubber products (32-326299) was added to Boat building (31-336612) |
| 326291 |
32-326291 |
Rubber product manufacturing for mechanical use |
Rubber tubing for mechanical use was removed from Rubber product manufacturing for mechanical use (32-326291) and added to All other rubber products (32-326299) |
| 326299 |
32-326299 |
All other rubber products |
Rubber tubing for mechanical use was added to All other rubber products (32-326299), while inflatable rubber boats was moved to Boat building (31-336612) |
| 5171 |
50-517100 |
Wired telecommunications carriers |
The broadband internet service providers (e.g., cable, DSL) portion of (50-518000) and moved to Wired telecommunications carriers (50-517110) along with Cable and other program distribution (50-517500) |
| 5172 |
50-517200 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) |
Paging (50-517211) and Cellular and other wireless carries (50-517212) were discontinued and moved into Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) (50-517200) |
| 517911 |
50-517911 |
Telecommunications resellers |
Telecommunications resellers (50-517310) was moved to Other telecommunications into Telecommunications resellers (50-517911) |
| 5191 |
50-519100 |
Other information services |
All of Internet publishing and broadcasting (50-516000) and the Web search portals portion of (50-518100) was added into Other information services (50-519100), specifically into Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130) |
| 51913 |
50-519130 |
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals |
All of Internet publishing and broadcasting (50-516000) and the Web search portals portion of (50-518100) into Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130) |
| 518 |
50-518000 |
Data processing, hosting and related services |
Moved the Web search portals portion of (50-518000) to Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals (50-519130) and moved the Internet service providers providing services via client-supplied telecommunications connection portion of (50-518000) to Other telecommunications (50-517900). Also moved the Broadband Internet service providers (e.g., cable, DSL) portion of (50-518000) to Wired telecommunications carriers (50-517100) |
| 5174,9 |
50-517900 |
Other telecommunications |
Telecommunications resellers (50-517310) was added to Other telecommunications into Telecommunications resellers (50-517911) |
| 5259 |
55-525900 |
Other investment pools and funds |
Portions of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) were moved to Lessors of Residential Buildings (55-531110), Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (55-531120), Miniwarehouse and self-storage operators (55-531130), and Lessors of other real estate property (55-531190) |
| 53111 |
55-531110 |
Lessors of residential buildings |
A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITs primarily leasing residential buildings and dwellings were added to Lessors of residential buildings (55-531110) |
| 53112 |
55-531120 |
Lessors of nonresidential buildings |
A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITS primarily leasing nonresidential buildings were added to Lessors of nonresidential buildings (55-531120) |
| 53113 |
55-531130 |
Miniwarehouse and self-storage operators |
A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITs primarily leasing miniwarehouses or self-storage units were added to Miniwarehouses and self-storage operators (55-531130) |
| 53119 |
55-531190 |
Lessors of other real estate property |
A portion of Other investment pools and funds (55-525900) dealing with hybrid or equity REITS primarily leasing other real estate property were added to Lessors of other real estate property (55-531190) |
| 541612 |
60-541612 |
Human resource consulting services |
Executive search consulting services was moved out of Human resource consulting services (60-541612) and added into Employment placement agencies (60-561310) creating Executive search services (60-561312) |
| 56131 |
60-561310 |
Employment placement agencies and executive search agencies |
Executive search consulting services was moved out of Human resources consulting services (60-541612) and added into Employment placement agencies (60-561310) |
Additionally, the CES program conducts an annual review of sample adequacy for its estimation and publication cells and makes adjustments to the published series as warranted. This year several all employee series will be discontinued as a result of the annual review of sample employment and universe coverage. Exhibit 7 shows the discontinued all employee series due to the annual sample adequacy review.
Exhibit 7. Discontinued all employee series
Industry title |
NAICS code |
CES industry tabcode |
Next highest published level |
Office machinery |
333313 |
31-333313 |
Commercial and service industry machinery (31-333300) |
Photographic and photocopying equipment |
333315 |
31-333315 |
Commercial and service industry machinery (31-333300) |
Miscellaneous commercial and service industry machinery |
333319 |
31-333319 |
Commercial and service industry machinery (31-333300) |
Electric lamp bulbs and parts |
33511 |
31-335110 |
Electric lighting equipment (31-335100 ) |
Lighting fixtures |
33512 |
31-335120 |
Electric lighting equipment (31-335100 ) |
Electric housewares and household fans |
335211 |
31-335211 |
Small electrical appliances (31-335210) |
Household refrigerators and home freezers |
335222 |
31-335222 |
Major appliances (31-335220) |
Current carrying devices |
335931 |
31-335931 |
Wiring devices (31-335930) |
|
Carburetors, pistons, rings, and valves
|
336311 |
31-336311 |
Motor vehicle gasoline engine parts (31-336310) |
Gasoline engine and engine parts |
336312 |
31-336312 |
Motor vehicle gasoline engine parts (31-336310) |
Hosiery and sock mills |
31511 |
32-315110 |
Apparel knitting mills (32-315100) |
|
Men's cut and sew apparel contractors
|
315211 |
32-315211 |
Cut and sew apparel contractors(32-315210) |
Women's cut and sew apparel contractors |
315212 |
32-315212 |
Cut and sew apparel contractors(32-315210) |
Review of the sample receipts has also led to the discontinuation of production worker, hours, and earnings estimates for some small industries that no longer have sufficient sample. Exhibits 8 and 9 show the series that will be discontinued.
Exhibit 8. Discontinued production worker, hours, and earnings series
Industry title |
NAICS code |
CES industry tabcode |
| Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures |
32711 |
31-327110 |
| Nonferrous metal, except CU and AL, shaping |
33149 |
31-331490 |
| Iron and steel forging |
332111 |
31-332111 |
| Ball and roller bearings |
332991 |
31-332991 |
| Search, detection, and navigation instruments |
334511 |
31-334511 |
| Motors and generators |
335312 |
31-335312 |
| Switchgear and switchboard apparatus |
335313 |
31-335313 |
| Aircraft engines and engine parts |
336412 |
31-336412 |
| Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts |
336419 |
31-336419 |
| Sugar |
31131 |
32-311310 |
| Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores |
45122 |
42-451220 |
Exhibit 9. Discontinued average overtime series
| Industry title |
NAICS code |
CES industry tabcode |
| Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixtures |
32711 |
31-327110 |
| Nonferrous metal, except CU and AL, shaping |
33149 |
31-331490 |
| Iron and steel forging |
332111 |
31-332111 |
| Ball and roller bearings |
332991 |
31-332991 |
| Search, detection, and navigation instruments |
334511 |
31-334511 |
| Motors and generators |
335312 |
31-335312 |
| Aircraft engines and engine parts |
336412 |
31-336412 |
| Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts |
336419 |
31-336419 |
| Sugar |
31131 |
32-311310 |
| Leather and hide tanning and finishing and other leather products |
3169 |
32-316900 |
Finally, the CES program also updated industry titles for a handful of industries. Exhibit 10 shows series whose titled will be changed.
Exhibit 10. Change in title
|
NAICS 2007 |
CES NAICS 2007 Tabcode |
Original Title |
New Title |
| 4921 |
43-492100 |
Couriers |
Couriers and express delivery services |
| 49211 |
43-492110 |
Couriers |
Couriers and express delivery services |
| 5172 |
50-517200 |
Wireless telecommunications carriers |
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) |
| 5174,9 |
50-517900 |
Satellite and other telecommunications |
Other telecommunications |
| 518 |
50-518000 |
Internet service providers, web search portals, and data processing services |
Data processing, hosting and related services |
| 5182 |
50-518200 |
Data processing and related services |
Data processing, hosting and related services |
| 51821 |
50-518210 |
Data processing and related services |
Data processing, hosting and related services |
| 54171 |
60-541710 |
Physical, engineering, and biological research |
Research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences |
| 56131 |
60-561310 |
Employment placement agencies |
Employment placement agencies and executive search agencies |
| 561422 |
60-561422 |
Telemarketing bureaus |
Telemarketing bureaus and other contact centers |
| 72 |
70-720000 |
Accommodations and food services |
Accommodation and food services |
| 721 |
70-721000 |
Accommodations |
Accommodation |
| 7211 |
70-721100 |
Traveler accommodations and other longer-term accommodations |
Traveler accommodation and other longer-term accommodation |
| 72119 |
70-721190 |
Miscellaneous traveler accommodations |
Miscellaneous traveler accommodation |
| 721199 |
70-721199 |
All other traveler accommodations and rooming and boarding houses |
All other traveler accommodation and rooming and boarding houses |
| 722212 |
70-722212 |
Cafeterias |
Cafeterias, grill buffets, and buffets |
BLS uses X-12 ARIMA software developed by the U.S. Census Bureau to seasonally adjust national employment, hours, and earnings series derived from the CES program. Individual series are seasonally adjusted using either a multiplicative or an additive model (Exhibit 11), and seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. For employment, individual 3-digit NAICS levels are seasonally adjusted, and higher level aggregates are formed summing these components. Seasonally adjusted totals for hours and earnings are obtained by taking weighted averages of the seasonally adjusted data for the component series.
Variable survey intervals. Beginning with the release of the 1995 benchmark, BLS
refined the seasonal adjustment procedures to control for survey interval variations, sometimes referred to as the 4- versus
5-week effect. Although the CES
survey is referenced to a consistent concept - the pay period including the 12th
of each month - inconsistencies arise because there are sometimes 4 and
sometimes 5 weeks between the week including the 12th in a given pair of
months. In highly seasonal industries, these variations can be an
important determinant of the magnitude of seasonal hires or layoffs that have
occurred at the time the survey is taken, thereby complicating seasonal
adjustment.
Standard seasonal adjustment methodology relies heavily on the experience of the most
recent 3 years to determine the expected seasonal
change in employment for each month of the current year. Prior to the implementation of the adjustment, the procedure did not
distinguish between 4- and 5-week survey intervals, and the accuracy of the
seasonal expectation depended in large measure on how well the current
year’s survey interval corresponded with those of the previous
3 years. All else the same, the
greatest potential for distortion occurred when the current month being
estimated had a 5-week interval but the 3 years preceding it were all 4-week
intervals, or conversely when the current month had a 4-week interval but the
3 years preceding it were all 5-week intervals.
BLS adopted REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors) modeling to identify the estimated size and significance
of the calendar effect for each published series. REGARIMA combines standard regression analysis, which measures
correlation among two or more variables, with ARIMA modeling, which describes
and predicts the behavior of data series based on its own past history. For many economic time series, including nonfarm payroll employment,
observations are auto-correlated over time; that is, each month’s value is
significantly dependent on the observations that precede it. These series,
therefore, usually can be successfully fit using ARIMA models. If auto-correlated time series are modeled through regression analysis
alone, the measured relationships among other variables of interest may be
distorted due to the influence of the auto-correlation. Thus, the REGARIMA technique is appropriate
for measuring relationships
among variables of interest in series that exhibit auto-correlation, such as
nonfarm payroll employment.
In
this application, the correlations of interest are those between employment
levels in individual calendar months and the lengths of the survey intervals
for those months. The REGARIMA
models evaluate the variation in employment levels attributable to 11 separate
survey interval variables, one specified for each month, except March. March is excluded because there
are almost always 4 weeks between the
February and March surveys. Models
for individual basic series are fit with the most recent 10 years of data
available, the standard time span used for CES seasonal adjustment.
The
REGARIMA procedure yields regression coefficients for each of the 11 months
specified in the model. These
coefficients provide estimates of the strength of the relationship between
employment levels and the number of weeks between surveys for the 11 modeled
months. The X-12 ARIMA software
also produces diagnostic statistics that permit the assessment of the
statistical significance of the regression coefficients, and all series are
reviewed for model adequacy.
Because
the 11 coefficients derived from the REGARIMA models provide an estimate of
the magnitude of variation in employment levels associated with the length of
the survey interval, these coefficients are used to adjust the CES data to
remove the calendar effect. These
"filtered" series then are seasonally adjusted using the standard X-12
ARIMA software.
For
a few series, REGARIMA models do not fit well; these series are seasonally
adjusted with the X-12 software but without the interval effect adjustment.
There are several additional special effects modeled through the REGARIMA
process; they are described below.
Construction
series. Beginning with the 1996 benchmark revision, BLS utilized
special treatment to adjust construction industry series. In the application of the interval effect modeling process to the
construction series, there initially was difficulty in accurately identifying
and measuring the effect because of the strong influence of variable weather
patterns on employment movements in the industry. Further research allowed BLS to incorporate interval effect modeling
for the construction industry by disaggregating the construction series into
its finer industry and geographic estimating cells and tightening outlier
designation parameters. This
allowed a more precise identification of weather-related outliers that had
masked the interval effect and clouded the seasonal adjustment patterns in
general. With these outliers
removed, interval effect modeling became feasible. The result is a seasonally adjusted series for construction that is
improved because it is controlled for two potential distortions: unusual
weather events and the 4- versus 5-week effect.
Floating
holidays. BLS is continuing the practice of making special adjustments for
average weekly hours and average weekly overtime series to account for the
presence or absence of religious holidays in the April survey reference period
and the occurrence of Labor Day in the September reference period, back to the
start date of each series.
Local
government series. A special adjustment also is
made in November each year to account for variations in employment due to the
presence or absence of poll workers in the local government, excluding
educational services series.
Refinements in hours and earnings seasonal adjustment. With the release of the 1997 benchmark, BLS implemented refinements to the
seasonal adjustment process for the hours and earnings series to correct for
distortions related to the method of accounting for the varying length of
payroll periods across months. There
is a significant correlation between over-the-month changes in both the
average weekly hour (AWH) and the average hourly earnings (AHE) series and the
number of weekdays in a month, resulting in noneconomic fluctuations in these
two series. Both AWH and AHE show more growth in "short" months (20
or 21 weekdays) than in "long" months (22 or 23 weekdays). The
effect is stronger for the AWH than for the AHE series.
The calendar effect is traceable to response and processing errors
associated with converting payroll and hours information from sample
respondents with semi-monthly or monthly pay periods to a weekly equivalent.
The response error comes from sample respondents reporting a fixed
number of total hours for workers regardless of the length of the reference
month, while the CES conversion process assumes that the hours reporting will
be variable. A constant level of
hours reporting most likely occurs when employees are salaried rather than
paid by the hour, as employers are less likely to keep actual detailed hours
records for such employees. This
causes artificial peaks in the AWH series in shorter months that are reversed
in longer months.
The processing error occurs when respondents with salaried workers report
hours correctly (vary them according to the length of the month), which
dictates that different conversion factors be applied to payroll and hours.
The CES processing system uses the hours conversion factor for both
fields, resulting in peaks in the AHE series in short months and reversals in
long months.
REGARIMA modeling is used to identify, measure, and remove the
length-of-pay-period effect for seasonally adjusted average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings series. The length-of-pay-period variable
proves significant for explaining AWH movements in all the service-providing
industries except retail trade. For AHE, the length-of-pay-period
variable is significant for wholesale trade, financial activities,
professional and business services, and other services. All AWH series
in the service-providing industries except retail trade have been adjusted
from January 1990 forward. The AHE series for wholesale trade,
financial activities, professional and business services, and other services
have been adjusted from January 1990 forward as well. For this reason,
calculations of over-the-year change in the establishment hours and earnings
series should use seasonally adjusted data.
The
series to which the length-of-pay-period adjustment is applied are not subject
to the 4- versus 5-week adjustment, as the modeling cannot support the number
of variables that would be required in the regression equation to make both
adjustments. See Exhibit 11 for series that have the calendar effects
modeling described above.
Exhibit 11. Model specifications.
|
Seasonal Adjustment - AE
|
|
NAICS Tabcode
|
Tabcode title
|
Mode
|
4/5 week adj
|
Other adj
|
| 1011331000 |
Logging |
MULT |
X |
|
| 1021100000 |
Oil and gas extraction |
MULT |
X |
|
| 1021200000 |
Mining, except oil and gas |
- |
X |
Indirect1 |
| 1021210000 |
Coal mining |
MULT |
X |
|
| 1021300000 |
Support activities for mining |
ADD |
X |
|
| 2023610000 |
Residential building |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 2023620000 |
Nonresidential building |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 2023700000 |
Heavy and civil engineering construction |
ADD |
X |
|
| 2023800000 |
Specialty trade contractors |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 2023800100 |
Residential specialty trade contractors |
MULT |
X |
Raked2 |
| 2023800200 |
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors |
ADD |
X |
Raked |
| 3132100000 |
Wood products |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3133100000 |
Primary metals |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133300000 |
Machinery |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 3133410000 |
Computer and peripheral equipment |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133420000 |
Communications equipment |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133440000 |
Semiconductors and electronic components |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133450000 |
Electronic instruments |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133600000 |
Transportation equipment |
ADD |
|
|
| 3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts |
ADD |
|
|
| 3133700000 |
Furniture and related products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231100000 |
Food manufacturing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231300000 |
Textile mills |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231400000 |
Textile product mills |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231500000 |
Apparel |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231600000 |
Leather and allied products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232200000 |
Paper and paper products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232500000 |
Chemicals |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4142300000 |
Durable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4142400000 |
Nondurable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4142500000 |
Electronic markets and agents and brokers |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244100000 |
Motor vehicle and parts dealers |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 4244110000 |
Automobile dealers |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244200000 |
Furniture and home furnishings stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244300000 |
Electronics and appliance stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244400000 |
Building material and garden supply stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244500000 |
Food and beverage stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244600000 |
Health and personal care stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244700000 |
Gasoline stations |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4244800000 |
Clothing and clothing accessories stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4245100000 |
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4245200000 |
General merchandise stores |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 4245210000 |
Department stores |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4245300000 |
Miscellaneous store retailers |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4245400000 |
Nonstore retailers |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4348100000 |
Air transportation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4348200000 |
Rail transportation |
ADD |
X |
|
| 4348300000 |
Water transportation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4348400000 |
Truck transportation |
ADD |
X |
|
| 4348500000 |
Transit and ground passenger transportation |
ADD |
|
|
| 4348600000 |
Pipeline transportation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4348700000 |
Scenic and sightseeing transportation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4348800000 |
Support activities for transportation |
ADD |
X |
|
| 4349200000 |
Couriers and messengers |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4349300000 |
Warehousing and storage |
ADD |
X |
|
| 4422100000 |
Utilities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5051100000 |
Publishing industries, except Internet |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5051200000 |
Motion picture and sound recording industries |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5051500000 |
Broadcasting, except Internet |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5051700000 |
Telecommunications |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5051800000 |
Data processing, hosting, and related services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5051900000 |
Other information services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5552100000 |
Monetary authorities-central bank |
ADD |
X |
|
| 5552200000 |
Credit intermediation and related activities |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 5552210000 |
Depository credit intermediation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5552211000 |
Commercial banking |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5552300000 |
Securities, commodity contracts, investments |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5552400000 |
Insurance carriers and related activities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5552500000 |
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5553100000 |
Real estate |
ADD |
X |
|
| 5553200000 |
Rental and leasing services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5553300000 |
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6054100000 |
Professional and technical services |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 6054110000 |
Legal services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6054120000 |
Accounting and bookkeeping services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6054130000 |
Architectural and engineering services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6054150000 |
Computer systems design and related services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6054160000 |
Management and technical consulting services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6055100000 |
Management of companies and enterprises |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6056100000 |
Administrative and support services |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 6056130000 |
Employment services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6056132000 |
Temporary help services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6056140000 |
Business support services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6056170000 |
Services to buildings and dwellings |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6056200000 |
Waste management and remediation services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6561100000 |
Educational services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6562100000 |
Ambulatory health care services |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 6562110000 |
Offices of physicians |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6562140000 |
Outpatient care centers |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6562160000 |
Home health care services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6562200000 |
Hospitals |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6562300000 |
Nursing and residential care facilities |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 6562310000 |
Nursing care facilities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6562400000 |
Social assistance |
- |
X |
Indirect |
| 6562440000 |
Child day care services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 7071100000 |
Performing arts and spectator sports |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7071200000 |
Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7071300000 |
Amusements, gambling, and recreation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7072100000 |
Accommodation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7072200000 |
Food services and drinking places |
ADD |
X |
|
| 8081100000 |
Repair and maintenance |
MULT |
X |
|
| 8081200000 |
Personal and laundry services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 8081300000 |
Membership associations and organizations |
ADD |
|
|
| 9091100000 |
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service |
ADD |
X |
|
| 9091912000 |
U.S. Postal Service |
MULT |
X |
|
| 9092161100 |
State government education |
ADD |
X |
|
| 9092200000 |
State government, excluding education |
MULT |
X |
|
| 9093161100 |
Local government education |
ADD |
X |
|
| 9093200000 |
Local government, excluding education |
ADD |
X |
Election adjustment3 |
| Seasonal Adjustment - WW |
| NAICS Tabcode |
Tabcode title |
Mode |
4/5 week adj |
Other adj |
| 1000000000 |
Natural resources and mining |
MULT |
X |
|
| 1021000000 |
Mining |
MULT |
X |
|
| 2000000000 |
Construction |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3100000000 |
Durable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3200000000 |
Nondurable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4142000000 |
Wholesale trade |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4200000000 |
Retail trade |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4422000000 |
Utilities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5000000000 |
Information |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5552000000 |
Finance and insurance |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5553000000 |
Real estate and rental and leasing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6054000000 |
Professional and technical services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6055000000 |
Management of companies and enterprises |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6056000000 |
Administrative and waste services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6561000000 |
Educational services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 6562000000 |
Health care and social assistance |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7071000000 |
Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7072000000 |
Accommodation and food services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 8000000000 |
Other services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 9091000000 |
Federal |
MULT |
X |
|
| 9092000000 |
State government |
MULT |
X |
|
| 9093000000 |
Local government |
MULT |
X |
Election adjustment3
|
| Seasonal Adjustment - PW |
| NAICS Tabcode |
Tabcode title
|
Mode |
4/5 week adj |
Other adj |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 1000000000 |
Natural resources and mining |
ADD |
X |
|
| 2000000000 |
Construction |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3132100000 |
Wood products |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3133100000 |
Primary metals |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133300000 |
Machinery |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133600000 |
Transportation equipment |
MULT |
|
|
| 3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts |
ADD |
|
|
| 3133700000 |
Furniture and related products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231100000 |
Food manufacturing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3231300000 |
Textile mills |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231400000 |
Textile product mills |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231500000 |
Apparel |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3231600000 |
Leather and allied products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232200000 |
Paper and paper products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3232500000 |
Chemicals |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4142000000 |
Wholesale trade |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4200000000 |
Retail trade |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4422000000 |
Utilities |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5000000000 |
Information |
MULT |
X |
|
| 5500000000 |
Financial activities |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6000000000 |
Professional and business services |
ADD |
X |
|
| 6500000000 |
Education and health services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality |
ADD |
X |
|
| 8000000000 |
Other services |
MULT |
X |
|
Seasonal Adjustment - AWH |
NAICS Tabcode |
Tabcode title |
Mode |
4/5 week adj |
10/11 day adj |
Easter/Labor Day adj |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1000000000 |
Natural resources and mining |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 2000000000 |
Construction |
ADD |
X |
|
X |
| 3132100000 |
Wood products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3132700000 |
Nonmetallic mineral products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133100000 |
Primary metals |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133200000 |
Fabricated metal products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133300000 |
Machinery |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133400000 |
Computer and electronic products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133500000 |
Electrical equipment and appliances |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133600000 |
Transportation equipment |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133600100 |
Motor vehicles and parts |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133700000 |
Furniture and related products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3133900000 |
Miscellaneous manufacturing |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3231100000 |
Food manufacturing |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3231200000 |
Beverages and tobacco products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3231300000 |
Textile mills |
ADD |
X |
|
X |
| 3231400000 |
Textile product mills |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3231500000 |
Apparel |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3231600000 |
Leather and allied products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3232200000 |
Paper and paper products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3232300000 |
Printing and related support activities |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3232400000 |
Petroleum and coal products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 3232500000 |
Chemicals |
MULT |
X |
|
|
| 3232600000 |
Plastics and rubber products |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
| 4142000000 |
Wholesale trade |
MULT |
|
X |
X |
| 4200000000 |
Retail trade |
MULT |
|
X |
|
| 4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing |
MULT |
|
X |
X |
| 4422000000 |
Utilities |
MULT |
X |
|
|
| 5000000000 |
Information |
MULT |
|
X |
|
| 5500000000 |
Financial activities |
MULT |
|
X |
|
| 6000000000 |
Professional and business services |
MULT |
|
X |
X |
| 6500000000 |
Education and health services |
MULT |
|
X |
|
| 7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality |
MULT |
|
X |
|
| 8000000000 |
Other services |
MULT |
|
X |
X |
Seasonal Adjustment - AHE |
NAICS Tabcode |
Tabcode title |
Mode |
4/5 week adj |
10/11 day adj |
|
|
|
|
|
| 1000000000 |
Natural resources and mining |
MULT |
X |
|
| 2000000000 |
Construction |
MULT |
X |
|
| 3100000000 |
Durable goods |
ADD |
X |
|
| 3200000000 |
Nondurable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4142000000 |
Wholesale trade |
ADD |
|
X |
| 4200000000 |
Retail trade |
MULT |
|
X |
| 4300000000 |
Transportation and warehousing |
MULT |
X |
|
| 4422000000 |
Utilities |
ADD |
X |
|
| 5000000000 |
Information |
MULT |
|
X |
| 5500000000 |
Financial activities |
MULT |
|
X |
| 6000000000 |
Professional and business services |
MULT |
|
X |
| 6500000000 |
Education and health services |
MULT |
X |
|
| 7000000000 |
Leisure and hospitality |
MULT |
X |
|
| 8000000000 |
Other services |
MULT |
|
X |
Seasonal Adjustment Comparison - AOT |
NAICS Tabcode |
Tabcode title |
Mode |
4/5 week adj |
10/11 day adj |
Easter/Labor Day adj |
31000000 |
Durable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
32000000 |
Nondurable goods |
MULT |
X |
|
X |
1 Seasonal adjustment occurs at the lowest available industry level.
2 Residential and nonresidential specialty trade estimates are raked to the specialty trade estimates to ensure consistency.
3 Special adjustment for the presence/absence of poll workers in local government
Last Modified Date: February 1, 2008
Bureau of Labor Statistics
