The DSR is responsible for a broad range of functions related to the review of grant applications for research and training and contract proposals for research. The Division also provides policy direction and coordination for planning and conducting initial scientific and technical merit reviews of applications for numerous types of grant applications, including program projects (P01s), centers (P30s, U54s), institutional training grants (T32s), career development awards (various Ks), conference grants (R13s), small research grants (R03s), and multi-site clinical trial R01s. Other mechanisms, such as fellowships (Fs), small business grants (SBIRs/STTRs), R21s, R01s and others are reviewed by the NIH Center for Scientific Review (CSR). In addition, the DSR coordinates and conducts the review of grant applications for all mechanisms that are received by the NICHD in response to requests for applications (RFAs) or program announcements with referral (PARs), which are published with the aim of fostering work in a research area of particular relevance to the mission of the Institute. The Division also manages the technical evaluation of contract proposals that arrive in response to requests for proposals (RFPs) issued by the Institute. 

In addition to managing the subcommittees, Scientific Review Officers (SROs) also recruit extramural scientists to serve as peer reviewers and maintain oversight of all aspects of the peer review process. Further, Special Emphasis Panels, which are convened as Technical Evaluation Groups, also evaluate contract proposals.