The periodicity and recurrence of solar (and lunar) eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole.
Solar eclipses of Saros 133 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series began with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 1219 Jul 13. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 2499 Sep 05. The total duration of Saros series 133 is 1280.14 years. In summary:
First Eclipse = 1219 Jul 13 08:23:41 TD
Last Eclipse = 2499 Sep 05 22:05:19 TD
Duration of Saros 133 = 1280.14 Years
Saros 133 is composed of 72 solar eclipses as follows:
| Solar Eclipses of Saros 133 | |||
| Eclipse Type | Symbol | Number | Percent |
| All Eclipses | - | 72 | 100.0% |
| Partial | P | 19 | 26.4% |
| Annular | A | 6 | 8.3% |
| Total | T | 46 | 63.9% |
| Hybrid[3] | H | 1 | 1.4% |
Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 133 appears in the following table.
| Umbral Eclipses of Saros 133 | ||
| Classification | Number | Percent |
| All Umbral Eclipses | 53 | 100.0% |
| Central (two limits) | 51 | 96.2% |
| Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
| Non-Central (one limit) | 1 | 1.9% |
The following string illustrates the sequence of the 72 eclipses in Saros 133: 12P 6A 1H 46T 7P
The longest and shortest eclipses of Saros 133 as well as other eclipse extrema are listed below.
Longest Total Solar Eclipse: 1850 Aug 07 Duration = 06m50s
Shortest Total Solar Eclipse: 1562 Feb 03 Duration = 00m41s
Longest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1453 Nov 30 Duration = 01m14s
Shortest Annular Solar Eclipse: 1526 Jan 13 Duration = 00m07s
Longest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1544 Jan 24 Duration = 00m16s
Shortest Hybrid Solar Eclipse: 1544 Jan 24 Duration = 00m16s
Largest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1417 Nov 08 Magnitude = 0.9670
Smallest Partial Solar Eclipse: 1219 Jul 13 Magnitude = 0.0308
Local circumstances at greatest eclipse[4] for every eclipse of Saros 133 are presented in the following catalog. The sequence number in the first column links to a global map showing regions of eclipse visibility. A detailed key and additional information about the catalog can be found at: Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.
For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Saros 133 Animation.
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
01 -35 1219 Jul 13 08:23:41 684 -9653 Pb 1.5337 0.0308 68.4N 137.2W 0 346
02 -34 1237 Jul 23 15:20:43 631 -9430 P 1.4562 0.1681 69.4N 106.7E 0 335
03 -33 1255 Aug 03 22:23:39 579 -9207 P 1.3823 0.2996 70.2N 11.6W 0 323
04 -32 1273 Aug 14 05:35:26 533 -8984 P 1.3146 0.4205 71.0N 132.6W 0 310
05 -31 1291 Aug 25 12:55:31 486 -8761 P 1.2525 0.5314 71.6N 103.7E 0 297
06 -30 1309 Sep 04 20:25:26 447 -8538 P 1.1974 0.6300 72.0N 22.8W 0 283
07 -29 1327 Sep 16 04:04:29 415 -8315 P 1.1489 0.7168 72.1N 151.9W 0 270
08 -28 1345 Sep 26 11:53:53 383 -8092 P 1.1079 0.7902 72.0N 76.4E 0 255
09 -27 1363 Oct 07 19:52:55 353 -7869 P 1.0741 0.8507 71.6N 57.5W 0 242
10 -26 1381 Oct 18 04:00:20 325 -7646 P 1.0464 0.9004 71.0N 167.0E 0 228
11 -25 1399 Oct 29 12:17:08 296 -7423 P 1.0256 0.9380 70.2N 29.7E 0 215
12 -24 1417 Nov 08 20:41:02 271 -7200 P 1.0097 0.9670 69.2N 108.7W 0 203
13 -23 1435 Nov 20 05:12:02 246 -6977 A+ 0.9991 0.9868 68.2N 111.7E 0 191 - -
14 -22 1453 Nov 30 13:46:17 223 -6754 A 0.9903 0.9842 60.4N 27.8W 7 179 469 01m14s
15 -21 1471 Dec 11 22:25:20 205 -6531 A 0.9849 0.9871 57.1N 165.0W 9 171 287 01m02s
16 -20 1489 Dec 22 07:04:57 187 -6308 A 0.9791 0.9904 54.6N 58.7E 11 164 175 00m47s
17 -19 1508 Jan 02 15:45:09 171 -6085 A 0.9732 0.9941 52.8N 77.1W 13 157 92 00m28s
18 -18 1526 Jan 13 00:22:31 157 -5862 A 0.9644 0.9985 51.0N 148.8E 15 151 19 00m07s
19 -17 1544 Jan 24 08:57:45 143 -5639 H 0.9533 1.0035 49.7N 15.9E 17 146 40 00m16s
20 -16 1562 Feb 03 17:27:33 131 -5416 T 0.9373 1.0091 48.6N 114.5W 20 142 89 00m41s
21 -15 1580 Feb 15 01:52:13 120 -5193 T 0.9164 1.0151 47.9N 117.3E 23 138 127 01m07s
22 -14 1598 Mar 07 10:10:01 109 -4970 T 0.8893 1.0214 47.7N 8.2W 27 135 156 01m33s
23 -13 1616 Mar 17 18:21:45 95 -4747 T 0.8568 1.0279 48.0N 131.4W 31 134 180 01m58s
24 -12 1634 Mar 29 02:25:11 73 -4524 T 0.8169 1.0346 48.7N 108.6E 35 133 198 02m24s
25 -11 1652 Apr 08 10:22:28 45 -4301 T 0.7713 1.0412 49.6N 8.9W 39 135 213 02m49s
26 -10 1670 Apr 19 18:12:20 25 -4078 T 0.7191 1.0476 50.6N 123.3W 44 137 225 03m15s
27 -09 1688 Apr 30 01:57:34 10 -3855 T 0.6621 1.0535 51.4N 124.4E 48 141 234 03m40s
28 -08 1706 May 12 09:35:09 8 -3632 T 0.5984 1.0591 51.5N 15.2E 53 147 242 04m06s
29 -07 1724 May 22 17:10:09 10 -3409 T 0.5318 1.0640 50.8N 92.9W 58 154 247 04m33s
30 -06 1742 Jun 03 00:39:57 12 -3186 T 0.4607 1.0683 49.0N 160.2E 62 161 251 05m00s
31 -05 1760 Jun 13 08:09:15 15 -2963 T 0.3883 1.0719 46.0N 52.7E 67 168 254 05m27s
32 -04 1778 Jun 24 15:34:56 17 -2740 T 0.3127 1.0746 41.8N 55.0W 72 175 255 05m52s
33 -03 1796 Jul 04 23:02:54 15 -2517 T 0.2385 1.0764 36.8N 164.6W 76 180 255 06m15s
34 -02 1814 Jul 17 06:30:29 12 -2294 T 0.1641 1.0774 30.9N 84.7E 80 185 254 06m33s
35 -01 1832 Jul 27 14:01:06 6 -2071 T 0.0919 1.0776 24.5N 27.9W 85 188 252 06m46s
36 00 1850 Aug 07 21:33:54 7 -1848 T 0.0215 1.0769 17.7N 141.8W 89 191 249 06m50s
37 01 1868 Aug 18 05:12:10 2 -1625 Tm -0.0443 1.0756 10.6N 102.2E 88 14 245 06m47s
38 02 1886 Aug 29 12:55:23 -6 -1402 T -0.1059 1.0735 3.5N 15.3W 84 16 240 06m36s
39 03 1904 Sep 09 20:44:21 3 -1179 T -0.1625 1.0709 3.7S 134.5W 81 17 234 06m20s
40 04 1922 Sep 21 04:40:31 23 -956 T -0.2130 1.0678 10.7S 104.5E 78 18 226 05m59s
TD of
Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Sun Path Central
Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat. Long. Alt Azm Width Dur.
s ° ° ° ° km
41 05 1940 Oct 01 12:44:06 25 -733 T -0.2573 1.0645 17.5S 18.2W 75 18 218 05m35s
42 06 1958 Oct 12 20:55:28 33 -510 T -0.2951 1.0608 24.0S 142.4W 73 18 209 05m11s
43 07 1976 Oct 23 05:13:45 47 -287 T -0.3270 1.0572 30.0S 92.3E 71 17 199 04m46s
44 08 1994 Nov 03 13:40:06 61 -64 T -0.3522 1.0535 35.4S 34.2W 69 15 189 04m23s
45 09 2012 Nov 13 22:12:55 67 159 T -0.3719 1.0500 40.0S 161.3W 68 11 179 04m02s
46 10 2030 Nov 25 06:51:37 77 382 T -0.3867 1.0468 43.6S 71.2E 67 7 169 03m44s
47 11 2048 Dec 05 15:35:27 91 605 T -0.3973 1.0440 46.1S 56.4W 66 1 160 03m28s
48 12 2066 Dec 17 00:23:40 129 828 T -0.4043 1.0416 47.4S 175.8E 66 355 152 03m14s
49 13 2084 Dec 27 09:13:48 168 1051 T -0.4094 1.0396 47.3S 47.7E 66 349 146 03m04s
50 14 2103 Jan 08 18:04:21 210 1274 T -0.4140 1.0381 46.1S 80.8W 65 342 140 02m57s
51 15 2121 Jan 19 02:54:15 254 1497 T -0.4190 1.0371 43.9S 150.2E 65 337 137 02m52s
52 16 2139 Jan 30 11:42:25 299 1720 T -0.4255 1.0364 41.0S 20.7E 65 333 135 02m49s
53 17 2157 Feb 09 20:25:36 343 1943 T -0.4358 1.0362 37.7S 108.4W 64 330 135 02m49s
54 18 2175 Feb 21 05:04:24 383 2166 T -0.4495 1.0362 34.2S 122.9E 63 328 135 02m50s
55 19 2193 Mar 03 13:36:08 425 2389 T -0.4689 1.0365 30.9S 4.4W 62 327 137 02m53s
56 20 2211 Mar 15 22:01:40 469 2612 T -0.4931 1.0368 27.8S 130.6W 60 327 140 02m57s
57 21 2229 Mar 26 06:17:35 515 2835 T -0.5251 1.0371 25.5S 105.5E 58 328 144 03m02s
58 22 2247 Apr 06 14:26:51 563 3058 T -0.5624 1.0372 23.8S 16.9W 56 329 149 03m07s
59 23 2265 Apr 16 22:26:19 613 3281 T -0.6073 1.0371 23.1S 136.8W 52 331 154 03m11s
60 24 2283 Apr 28 06:18:21 666 3504 T -0.6581 1.0366 23.6S 105.0E 49 334 160 03m13s
61 25 2301 May 09 14:00:59 720 3727 T -0.7161 1.0354 25.5S 11.0W 44 337 168 03m10s
62 26 2319 May 20 21:37:23 776 3950 T -0.7786 1.0336 29.0S 125.8W 39 340 178 03m02s
63 27 2337 May 31 05:05:56 835 4173 T -0.8470 1.0309 34.6S 121.2E 32 344 195 02m46s
64 28 2355 Jun 11 12:28:18 895 4396 T -0.9196 1.0269 43.3S 9.2E 23 348 233 02m18s
65 29 2373 Jun 21 19:45:29 958 4619 Ts -0.9954 1.0191 62.7S 100.1W 3 349 - 01m24s
66 30 2391 Jul 03 02:58:53 1023 4842 P -1.0732 0.8664 67.1S 143.0E 0 358
67 31 2409 Jul 13 10:09:33 1089 5065 P -1.1523 0.7186 68.1S 24.6E 0 9
68 32 2427 Jul 24 17:18:10 1158 5288 P -1.2318 0.5709 69.1S 93.7W 0 20
69 33 2445 Aug 04 00:27:22 1229 5511 P -1.3097 0.4272 70.0S 147.3E 0 31
70 34 2463 Aug 15 07:37:35 1302 5734 P -1.3853 0.2892 70.8S 27.4E 0 43
71 35 2481 Aug 25 14:49:25 1377 5957 P -1.4585 0.1568 71.4S 93.5W 0 56
72 36 2499 Sep 05 22:05:19 1454 6180 Pe -1.5273 0.0340 71.9S 144.2E 0 69
[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.
[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).
[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .
[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to the Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is virtually identical to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.
The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..
The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).
The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:
A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.
Special thanks to Dan McGlaun for extracting the individual eclipse maps from the Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 for use in this catalog and for preparing the Saros series animations from these maps.
The Besselian elements used in the predictions were kindly provided by Jean Meeus. All eclipse calculations are by Fred Espenak, and he assumes full responsibility for their accuracy. Some of the information presented on this web site is based on data originally published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000
Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:
"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak and Jean Meeus (NASA's GSFC)"
