NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  1. Question

    How is Earth's atmosphere formed?

    At the Earth's surface, the atmosphere consists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon with traces of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Variable amounts of dust particles and water droplets are also found suspended in the air. Three possibilities exist for the original source of the Earth's atmosphere. 1) the atmosphere could have been formed with the rest of the Earth, as it accumulated from the debris left over from the formation of the Sun; 2) it could have been released from the interior through volcanic activity, subsequent to the formation of the Earth; or 3) the atmosphere may have been derived from impacts by comets or other icy materials from the outer parts of the solar system.
    December 11, 2001

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