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Norman Salem


Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics

Norman Salem, Jr.


Education

    Ph.D., Neurobiology, 1978,
    Center for Brain Research
    University of Rochester School of Medicine
    Rochester, N.Y.

    BS., Physics, 1972
    Minors in Mathematics and Philosophy
    Miami University, Oxford, Ohio

Research Interests

Omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid

Losses in brain function (behavior) during n-3 fatty acid deficiency

Mechanisms of action of alcohol

Essential fatty acids in developmental neurobiology

Function and metabolism of polyunsaturated phospholipids

Nutritional influences on EFA status including fats, alcohol & antioxidants

Molecular structure of biomembranes, protein-lipid interactions

Selected Publications

Ahmad A, Moriguchi T, Salem N. Decrease in neuron size in docosahexaenoic acid-deficient brain. Pediatr Neurol 2002;26:210-8. pdf

Ahmad A, Murthy M, Greiner RS, Moriguchi T, Salem N Jr. A decrease in cell size accompanies a loss of docosahexaenoate in the rat hippocampus. Nutr Neurosci 2002;5:103-13.

Champoux M, Hibbeln JR, Higley J, Shannon C, Purple M, Salem N, Suomi S. Formula supplementation with DHA and AA and improvements in neonatal development in rhesus monkeys. Pediatrics Res 2001, in press.

Contreras M, Chang M, Rosenberger T, Greiner R, Myer C, Salem N, Rapoport. Chronic nutritional deprivation of n-3 a-linolenic acid does not effect n-6 arachidonic acid recycling with brain phospholipids of awake rats. J Neurochem 2001;79:1090-9.

Contreras MA, Greiner RS, Chang MC, Myers CS, Salem N, Rapoport SI. Nutritional deprivation of alpha-linolenic acid decreases but does not abolish turnover and availability of unacylated docosahexaenoic acid and docosahexaenoyl-CoA in rat brain. J Neurochem 2000;75:2392-400.

Denkins YM, Woods J, Whitty JE, Hannigan JH, Martier SS, Sokol RJ, Salem N Jr. Effects of gestational alcohol exposure on the fatty acid composition of umbilical cord serum in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:300S-6S.

Garcia M, Ward G, Ma YC, Salem N Jr, Kim HY: Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the synthesis of phosphatidylserine in rat brain microsomes and C6 glioma cells. J Neurochem 1998;70:24-30.

Greiner RS, Moriguchi T, Slotnick BM, Hutton A, Salem N. Olfactory discrimination deficits in n-3 fatty acid-deficient rats. Physiol Behav 2001;72:379-85. pdf

Hibbeln , Salem N. Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Psychiatric Disorders, Current Status of the Field. In Fatty acids: Physiological and Behavioral Function. Mostofsky D, Yehuda S, Salem Jr. N, eds. Humanna Press Inc.; Totowa, New Jersey 2001;311-330 pp.

Hibbeln J, Salem N. Omega-3 fatty acids and psychiatric disorders. In Fatty Acids: From Neuronal Membrane to Physiological and Behavioral Function. Mostofsky D, Yehuda S, Salem N, eds. Humana; New Jersey. 2000 In press.

Hibbeln JR, Umhau JC, George DT, Shoaf SE, Linnoila M, Salem N Jr. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations do not predict cerebrospinal fluid neurotransmitter metabolites: implications for the biophysical role of highly unsaturated fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:331S-8S.  

Hibbeln JR, Umhau JC, George DT, Shoaf SE, Regan P, Linnoila M, Salem Jr N: Failure of plasma total cholesterol to predict CSF neurotransmitter metabolites in violent, alcoholic and control subjects. Am J Clin Nutr (in press).

Hibbeln JR, Umhau JC, George DT and Salem N Jr: Do plasma polyunsaturates predict hostility and depression? World Rev Nutr Diet 1997;82:175-86.

Moriguchi T, Loewke J, Garrison M, Catalan JN, Salem N. Reversal of docosahexaenoic acid deficiency in the rat brain, retina, liver, and serum. J Lipid Res 2001;42:419-27. pdf

Moriguchi T, Greiner RS, Salem N Jr: Behavioral deficits associated with dietary induction of decreased brain docosahexaenoic acic concentration. J Neurochem 2000;75:2563-73. pdf

Olsson NU, Shoaf SE, Salem N Jr: The effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol on neurotransmitter levels in rat brain. Nutritional Neurosci 1998;1:133-40.

Olsson NU, Shoaf SE, Tahan AC, Jong KS, Song BJ, Salem N Jr: Longterm alcohol exposure and dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Observations of a controlled study in the rat. In: Lambertsen G (ed), Proc 19th Nordic Lipid Symposium. Lipid Forum:Bergen, 1997, pp 134-138.

Olsson NU, Salem N Jr: Molecular species analysis of phospholipids. J Chromatogr 1997;692:245-56.

Pawlosky R, Salem N. Recent advances in the supply of docosahexaenoate to the nervous system. In Fatty Acids: From Neuronal Membrane to Physiological and Behavioral Function. Mostofsky D, Yehuda S, Salem N, eds. Humana 2001;115-123 pp.

Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Novotny JA, Salem N. Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans. J Lipid Res 2001;42:1257-65. pdf

Pawlosky R, Gupta S, Salem Jr N: Alcohol consumption in the feline increases lipid peroxidation in the brain and stimulates polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. In: Riemersma RA, Armstrong RA, Kelly RW, Wilson R. (eds), Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids. Am Oil Chem Soc, Champaign, IL (in press).

Pawlosky RJ, Salem Jr. N: Alcohol consumption in rhesus monkeys depletes tissues of polyunsaturated fatty acids and alters essential fatty acid metabolism. Alcoholism--Clin Exper Res1999;23:311-7.  

Pawlosky RJ, Denkins Y, Ward G, Salem N Jr: Retinal and brain accretion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in developing felines: the effects of corn oil-based maternal diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:465-72.

Pawlosky RJ, Flynn BM, Salem N Jr: The effects of low dietary levels of polyunsaturates on alcohol-induced liver disease in rhesus monkeys.   Hepatology 1997;26:1386-1392.

Poling JS, Rogawski MA, Salem N Jr, Vicini S. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits Shaker-related voltage-gated K+ channels. Neuropharmacology 1996;35:983-91.

Poling JS, Vicini S, Rogawski MA and Salem N Jr: Docosahexaenoic acid block of neuronal voltage-gated K+ channels: subunit selective antagonism by zinc. Neuropharmacology 1996;35:969-82. 

Salem N Jr, Pawlosky R, Wegher B, Hibbeln J: In vivo conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in human adults. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1999;60:407-10.

Salem N, Moriguchi T, Greiner RS, McBride K, Ahmad A, Catalan JN, Slotnick B. Alterations in brain function after loss of docosahexaenoate due to dietary restriction of n-3 fatty acids. J Mol Neurosci 2001;16:299-307; discussion 317-21.

Salem N Jr, Olsson NU: Abnormalities in essential fatty acid status in alcoholism. In: Yehuda S, Mostofsky DI (eds). Handbook of Essential Fatty Acid Biology: Biochemistry, Physiology and Behavioral Neurobiology. New Jersey:Humana:1997, pp 67-87.

Simopoulos AP, Leaf A, Salem N. Workshop statement on the essentiality of and recommended dietary intakes for Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000;63:119-21.

Uauy R, Mena P, Wegher B, Nieto S, Salem N. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates: effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth. Pediatr Res 2000;47:127-35. pdf


Mailing Address   

Section on Nutritional Neuroscience
NIH NIAAA DICBR LMBB
Park 5 Building Room 114
12420 Parklawn Drive MSC 8115
Bethesda, MD 20892-8115

E-Mail: nsalem@mail.nih.gov


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