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"Must extraterrestrial intelligent life be carbon-based, or can we expect different kinds of life for intelligence?"
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Question
What kinds of chemicals are present on the icy surface of Europa?
Data from the Galileo spacecraft tell us that sulfuric acid coats the icy surface of Europa. This finding, published in the October 1999 issue of Science, is based on measurements of the characteristic spectrum of sulfuric acid, H2SO4. Galileo's Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer produced an image showing high concentrations of sulfuric acid on Europa's trailing hemisphere. For more on Europa, please see http://galileo.jpl.nasa.gov/moons/europa.html
October 29, 2001
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