NCDC Bibliography


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Top of Page 2001

  • JOURNAL ARTICLES:

    Chernykh, I., O. Alduchov, and R.E. Eskridge, 2001: Trends in low and high cloud boundaries and errors in height determination of cloud boundaries. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82, 1941-1947.

    Basist, A., C. Williams Jr., T.F. Ross, M.J. Menne, N. Grody, R. Ferraro, S. Shen, and A.T.C. Chang, 2001. Using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager to monitor surface wetness. Journal of hydrometeorology 2 (3), 297-308.

    Chang, H., B.M. Evans, and D.R. Easterling, 2001: The effects of climate change on stream flow and nutrient loading, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37 (4), 973-986.

    Chernykh, I., O. Alduchov, and R.E. Eskridge, 2001: Trends in low and high cloud boundaries and errors in height determination of cloud boundaries. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82, 1941-1947.

    Durre, I., and J.M. Wallace, 2001: Factors influencing the cold season diurnal temperature range in the United States. Journal of climate, 14, 3263-3278.

    Durre, I., and J.M. Wallace, 2001: The warm season dip in the diurnal temperature range over the eastern United States. Journal of climate, 14, 354-360.

    Golubev, V.S., J.H. Lawrimore, P.Ya. Groisman, N.A. Speranskaya, S.A. Zhuravin, M.J. Menne, T.C. Peterson, and R.W. Malone, 2001: Evaporation changes over the contiguous United States and the former USSR: a reassessment. Geophysical research letters, 28 (13), 2665-2668. Online Copy

    Groisman, P.Ya., R.W. Knight, and T.R. Karl, 2001: Heavy precipitation and high streamflow in the contiguous United States: trends in the 20th century. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82, 219-246. Online Copy

    Groisman, P.Ya., and E.Ya. Rankova, 2001: Precipitation trends over the Russian permafrost-free zone: removing the artifacts of pre-processing. International journal of climatology 21, 657-678. Online Copy

    Hansen, J, R. Ruedy, M. Sato, M. Imhoff, W. Lawrence, D. Easterling, T. Peterson, and T. Karl, 2001: A closer look at United States and global surface temperature change. Journal of geophysical research, 106 (D20), 23947-23963.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., 2001: New network to monitor climate change. Eos, transactions, 82 (12 or 3/20/01), 143.

    Lawrimore, J.H., M.S. Halpert, G.D. Bell, M.J. Menne, B. Lyon, R.C. Schnell, K.L. Gleason, D.R. Easterling, W. Thiaw, W.J. Wright, R.R. Heim Jr., D.A. Robinson, and L. Alexander, 2001: Climate assessment for 2000. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 82, S1-S55.

    Menne, M.J. and C.E. Duchon, 2001: Monthly detection of inhomogeneities and errors in daily maximum and minimum temperature observations. Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology, 18, 1136-1149.

    Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, M.E. Mann, D. Rind, and A. Waple, 2001. Solar forcing of regional climate change during the Maunder Minimum. Science 294, 2149-2152.

    Smith, T.M., and R.W. Reynolds, 2001: Bias corrections for historical sea surface temperatures based on marine air temperatures. Journal of climate, 15, 73-87.

    Zhang, H.-M., M. Prater and T. Rossby, 2001: Isopycnal Lagrangian statistics from the North Atlantic Current RAFOS float observations. Journal of geophysical research, 106 (C7, July 15), 13817-13836.

    Rossby, T. and H.-M. Zhang, 2001: The near-surface velocity and potential vorticity structure of the Gulf Stream. Journal of marine research, 59 (6, November), 949-975.

    PROCEEDINGS:

    Arnfield, J.D., 2001: A flexible system to manage and query NOAA station history information. 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Albuquerque, NM, January 14-19, 2001, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 468-472.

    Baker, C.B., T.P. Meyers, M.E. Hall, and R.R. Heim Jr., The precision and accuracy of the temperature measurements for the Climate Reference Network. Preprints, 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentration, 14-18 January 2001, Albuquerque, NM, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 5-6.

    Creech, T.G., and A.L. McNab, 2001: Using a GIS to estimate the spatial variation of precipitation due to topography. 17th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Albuquerque, NM, January 14-19, 2001, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 30-33.

    Duchon, C.E., G.G. Wade, J. Cole, and R.R. Heim, Jr., 2001: Laboratory studies of a vibrating wire precipitation gage. Preprints, 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentration, 14-18 January 2001, Albuquerque, NM, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 188-189.

    Gleason, B.E., and D.R. Easterling, 2001. Tropical cyclone precipitation and dry spell mitigation. Preprints, 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, 14-18 January 2001, Albuquerque, NM, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 322.

    Gleason, B.E., and D.R. Easterling, 2001. Revised U.S. climate change indices. Preprints, 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, 14-18 January 2001, Albuquerque, NM, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 190.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., C.B. Baker, C.E. Duchon, and J.D. Arnfield, 2001: A Climate Reference Network for the United States. Automated weather stations for applications in agriculture and water resources management: current use and future perspectives, proceedings of an international workshop, 6-10 March 2000, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA, (AGM-3, WMO/TD No. 1074), World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 195-210.

    Heim, R.R. Jr., 2001: Deployment of the U.S. Climate Reference Network: FY2000 status. Preprints, 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentration, 14-18 January 2001, Albuquerque, NM, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 231-234.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., M. Haylock, C.S. Frederiksen, and N. Nicholls, 2001. Trends in climate change indicators, 1950-1991. Preprints, 12th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations, 14-18 January 2001, Albuquerque, NM, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 42-45.

    Owen, T.W. and T. Whitehurst, 2002: United States climate normals for the 1971-2000 period: product descriptions and applications. Preprints, Third Symposium on Environmental Applications: facilitating the use of environmental information, 13-17 January, Orlando, FL, American Meterological Society, Boston, MA, J27-J28.

    OTHER:

    Lott, N., R. Baldwin, and P. Jones, 2001: The FCC integrated surface hourly database, a new resource of global climate data. (National Climatic Data Center technical report 2001-01). Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 42 pp. Online Copy

    Lott, N., T. Ross, and A. Graumann, 2001: NCDC products and services guide. Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 93 pp. Online Copy

    Lott, N., T. Ross, S. Stephens, and T. Owen, 2001: A climatology of northern Utah for the 2002 Winter Olympics. (National Climatic Data Center technical report 2001-02). Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 26 pp. Online Copy

    MacCraken, M., E. Barron, D.R. Easterling, B. Felzer, and T.R. Karl, 2001: Scenarios for climate variability and change, Chapter 1. In: Climate change impacts on the United States: the potential consequences of climate variability and change, report to Congress of the National Assessment Synthesis Team. New York: Cambridge University Press, 13-73.

    Easterling, D.R., and T.R. Karl, 2001: Potential consequences of climate variability and change for the Midwestern United States, Chapter 6. In: Climate change impacts on the United States: the potential consequences of climate variability and change, report to Congress of the National Assessment Synthesis Team. New York: Cambridge University Press, 167-189.

    Peterson, T.C., C. Folland, G. Gruza, W. Hogg, A. Mokssit, and N. Plummer, 2001: Report of the activities of the Working Group on Climate Change Detection and Related Rapporteurs, 1998-2001 [Online, printed copies can also be mailed from], International CLIVAR Project Office, Southamption, UK. March, 2001, 143 pp. Online Copy

    Reynolds, R.W., D.E. Harrison, and D.C. Stokes, 2001: Specific contributions to the observing system, sea surface temperatures, Chapter ?. In: Observing the ocean in the 21st century, edited by C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith. Melbourne, Australia: Bureau of Meteorology, 87-101.

    Ross, T., and N. Lott, 2001: Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters, 1980-2001. Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 2 pp. Online Copy

Top of Page 2000

  • JOURNAL ARTICLES:

    Changnon, S.A. and D.R. Easterling, 2000: U.S. Policies Pertaining to Weather and Climate Extremes. Science , 289, 2053-2055. [Summary] [Full Text]

    Easterling, D.R., G.A. Meehl, C. Parmesan, S.A. Changnon, T.R. Karl, and L.O. Mearns, 2000: Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts. Science , 289, 2068-2074. [Abstract] [Full Text]

    Easterling, D.R., J.L. Evans, P.Ya. Groisman, T.R. Karl, K.E. Kunkel, and P. Ambenje, 2000. Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events: A brief review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81(3), 417-425 (March 2000). Online Copy

    Easterling, D.R., T.R. Karl, K.P. Gallo, D.A. Robinson, K.E. Trenberth, and A. Dai, 2000. Observed climate variability and change of relevance to the biosphere. Journal of geophysical research, 105(D15), 20101-20114 (August 16, 2000).

    Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, and B. Baker, 2000: The record breaking global temperatures of 1997 and 1998: evidence for an increase in the rate of global warming? Geophysical research letters, 27(5), 719-722 (March 1, 2000).

    Meehl, G.A., Karl, T., Easterling, D.R., Changnon, S., Pielke, R. Jr., Changnon, D., Evans, J., Groisman, P.Ya., Knutson, T.R., Kunkel, K.E., Mearns, L.O., Parmesan, C., Pulwarty, R., Root, T., Sylves, R.T., Whetton, P., and Zwiers, F., 2000. An introduction to trends in extreme weather and climate events: observations, socioeconomic impacts, terrestrial ecological impacts, and model projections. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81(3), 413-416 (March 2000).

    Owen, T.W., and K.P. Gallo, 2000. Updated population metadata for United States Historical Climatology Network stations. Journal of climate , 13 (22), 4028-4033. Online Copy

    Peterson, T. C., A. N. Basist, C. N. Williams, and N. Grody, 2000. A blended satellite-in situ near-global temperature dataset. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 81, 2157-2164.

    Plantico, M., N. Lott, J. Eischeid, P. Pasteris, and H. Diaz, 2000. Creating a serially complete national daily time series of temperature and precipitation for the Western United States. Journal of applied meteorology , 39, (9), 1580-1591. Online Copy

    Williams, C. N., A. N. Basist, T. C. Peterson, and N. Grody, 2000. Calibration and verification of land surface temperature anomalies derived for the SSM/I. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 81, 2141-2156.

    PROCEEDINGS:

    Arnfield, J.D., C.E. Duchon, B.C. Baker, R.G. Quayle, R.R. Heim, K.R. Robbins, M.J. Janis, A.H. Horvitz, 2000: U.S. climate reference network, part 4: metadata. Proceedings: Twelfth Conference on Applied Climatology, May 8-11, 2000, Asheville, NC , American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 30-33.

    Duchon, C.E., and M.J. Menne, 2000: Exploring the use of geographic information system technology for quality control and climatological analysis of radar and rain gage data. Preprints, 2nd symposium on environmental applications, Jan 8 - 14, 2000, Long Beach, CA . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 207-208.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., and J.R. Angel, 2000: Urbana, Illinois: 20th century snowfall variations and non-climatic influences. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Eastern Snow Conference, 2-4 June 1999, Fredericton, NB, Canada , Eastern Snow Conference, Fredericton, NB, Canada, 125-140.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., and M.J. Menne, 2000: Day-to-day temperature variability-a monitoring tool. Preprints, 12th conference on Applied Climatology, May 8 - 11, Asheville, NC . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 123-126.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., and R.J. Leffler, 2000: Cooperative station snow climatologies. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Eastern Snow Conference, 2-4 June 1999, Fredericton, NB, Canada , Eastern Snow Conference, Fredericton, NB, Canada, 141-146.

    Lott, N., 2000: NNDC climate data online for use in research and atmospheric icing studies. Proceedings: Ninth International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures. June 5-8, 2000, Chester, England , International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures(Ref. no. 5300, EA Technology Limited, Capenhurst, Chester, CH1 6ES, England, Tel:0151-339-4181, Fax:0151-357-1581, E-Mail: marketing@eatl.co.uk), Chester, England. Online Copy

    Lott, N., and D.D. Anders, 2000: NNDC climate data online for use in research, applications, and education. Proceedings: Twelfth Conference on Applied Climatology, May 8-11, 2000, Asheville, NC , American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 36-39. Online Copy

    Menne, M.J., and C.E. Duchon, 2000: Automatic monthly detection of maximum and minimum temperature errors and inhomogeneities in the NOAA/NWS cooperative observer network. Preprints, Fourth Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, Jan 9 - 14, Long Beach, CA . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 204-208.

    Menne, M.J., and C.E. Duchon, 2000: Quality assurance of daily temperature observations at the National Climatic Data Center. Preprints, 15th Conference on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences, May 8-11, Asheville, NC . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., J48-J50.

    Ross, T.F., and N. Lott, 2000: A brief climatology of extreme weather and climate events in the U.S. and around the world. Proceedings: Twelfth Conference on Applied Climatology, May 8-11, 2000, Asheville, NC , American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 261-264. Online Copy

    Ross, T.F., C.S. Godfrey, and R.E. Heim, Jr., 2000: The National Climatic Data Center's (NCDC) new climate monitoring group products, reports and analyses applicable to the study of earth science. Preprints. Ninth Symposium on Education, 9-14 January 2000, Long Beach, CA , American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 152-155.

    OTHER:

    Graumann, A., and N. Lott. 1999 Atlantic Tropical Storms, Views from the NOAA Satellites . (National Climatic Data Center technical report no. 2000-03). Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 2000, ca. 30 pp. Online Copy

    Heim, R.R., Jr., 2000: Drought indices: a review, Chapter 11. In: Drought: a global assessment . (Routledge hazards and disasters series, v.1). London: Routledge, 159-167.

    Lott, N., and T. Ross. The 2000 Olympic Games, a climatology for Sydney, Australia . (NCDC technical report 2000-01). [Asheville, N.C.]: National Climatic Data Center, 2000, 21 pp. Online Copy

    [Lott, N., T. Ross, and A. Graumann]. Products and services guide . Asheville, NC : National Climatic Data Center, 2000, 87 pp. Online Copy

    Ross, T., and N. Lott. A climatology of recent extreme weather and climate events . (NCDC technical report 2000-02). [Asheville, N.C.]: National Climatic Data Center, 2000, 17 pp. Online Copy

    Ross, T., and N. Lott. Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters, 1980-2000 . Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 2000, 2 pp. Online Copy

Top Of Page 1999

  • JOURNAL ARTICLES:

    Groisman, P.Y., E.L. Peck, and R.G. Quayle, 1999: Intercomparison of recording and standard nonrecording U.S. gauges. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology , 16, 5(May 1999), 602-609.

    Guttman, N.B., 1999: Accepting the standardized precipitation index: a calculation algorithm. Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 35, 2(Apr. 1999), 311-322.

    Karl, T.R. and D.R. Easterling, 1999: Climate extremes: selected review and future research directions, Climatic change , 42, 309-325.

    Lott, N., 1999: NOAA National Data Center Climate Data Online [NNDC CDO]. Earth system monitor , 10, 2(Dec. 1999), 1-4.

    Peterson, T.C., K.P. Gallo, J. Lawrimore, T.W. Owen, A. Huang, and D.A. McKittrick, 1999: Global rural temperature trends. Geophysical research letters , 26 (3), 329-332.

    Quayle, R.G., T.C. Peterson, A.N. Basist, and C.S. Godfrey, 1999: An operational near real-time global temperature index. Geophysical research letters , 26 (3), 333-336.

    Ross, T.F., C.S. Godfrey, and R.R. Heim, Jr., 1999: Climate monitoring at the National Climatic Data Center. Earth system monitor , 10, 2(Dec. 1999), 8-12.

    PROCEEDINGS:

    Heim, R.R., Jr., 1999: NCDC CD-ROMs: climate normals and snow climatology. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, TX , American Meteorological Society, Boston, 274.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., and J.R. Angel, 1999: Urbana, Illinois: a case study of 20th century snowfall. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, TX , American Meteorological Society, Boston, 275-282.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., and R.J. Leffler, 1999: 1948-1996 snowfall return period statistics computed for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, TX , American Meteorological Society, Boston, 234-235.

    Heim R.R. and R.J. Leffler, 1999: Snow climatologies for NWS cooperative stations--an overview. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, TX , American Meteorological Society, Boston, 225-226.

    Ross, T., and N. Lott, 1999: Severe weather climatology and event information available using NCDC's WWW site. Preprints, 11th Conference on Applied Climatology, 10-15 January 1999, Dallas, TX , American Meteorological Society, Boston, 208-211. Online Copy

    Quayle, R.G., T.C. Peterson, A.N. Basist, and C.S. Godfrey, 1999: a conservative global temperature index. 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, AMS Annual Meetings, Dallas, Jan. 1999 , American Meteorological Society, Boston, 85-88.

    OTHER:

    Graumann, A., and N. Lott. 1998 Atlantic tropical storms, views from the NOAA satellites . National Climatic Data Center technical report no. 99-01. Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 1999, 30 pp. Online Copy

    Lott, N., T. Ross, and S. McCown. 1998-1999 tornadoes and a long-term U.S. tornado climatology . National Climatic Data Center technical report no. 99-02. Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 1999, 21 pp. Online Copy

    [Lott, N., and T. Ross]. Products and services guide . Asheville, NC : National Climatic Data Center, 1999, 132 pp.[Lott, N., T. Ross, and A. Graumann]. Products and services guide. Asheville, NC : National Climatic Data Center, 2000, 87 pp. Online Copy

    Ross, T., and N. Lott. Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters, 1980-1999 . Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1999, 2 pp. Online Copy

Top Of Page 1998

  • JOURNAL ARTICLES:

    Dai, Aiguo, K.E. Trenberth, and T.R. Karl, 1998: Global variations in droughts and wet spells, 1900-1995. Geophysical Research Letters , 25 (17), 3367-3370.

    Basist, A., N.C. Grody, T.C. Peterson, and C.N. Williams, 1998: Using the special sensor microwave/imager to monitor land surface temperatures, wetness, and snow cover. Journal of Applied Meteorology , 37 (8), 888-911.

    Gallo, K.P., 1998: New AVHRR instrument arrives in 1998. Geocarto International , 13 (1), 74.

    Gallo, K.P., and A. Huang, 1998: Evaluation of the NEVI and sensor zenith angle values associated with the Global Land AVHRR 1-km data set. International Journal of Remote Sensing , 19 (3), 527-533.

    Gallo, K.P., and T.W. Owen, 1998: Assessment of urban heat islands: a multi-sensor perspective for the Dallas-Ft.Worth, USA Region. Geocarto International , 13 (4), 35-41.

    Guttman, N.B., 1998: Book Review--Review of regional frequency analysis. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 79, 889-891.

    Guttman, N.B., 1998: Comparing the Palmer drought severity index and the standardized precipitation index. Journal of the American Water Resources Association , 34, 113-121.

    Karl, T.R. and R.W. Knight 1998: Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 79, 231-241.

    Karl, T.R. and R. W. Knight 1998: Reply to: Comments on Secular trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 79, 2552-2554.

    Lott, N., 1998: NCDC releases Hourly U.S. weather observations and announces International station weather observations on CD-ROM. Earth System Monitor , 8 (3), 13.

    Luers, J.K., and R.E. Eskridge, 1998: Use of radiosonde temperature data in climate studies. Journal of Climate , 11 (5), 1002-1019.

    Owen., T.W. , K.P. Gallo, C.D. Elvidge, and K.E. Baugh. 1998: Using DMSP-OLS light frequency data to categorize urban environments associated with U.S. climate observing stations. International Journal of Remote Sensing , 19 (17), 3451-3456.

    Owen, T.W., T.N. Carlson, and R.R. Gillies, 1998: An assessment of satellite remotely-sensed land cover parameters in quantitatively describing the climatic effect of urbanization. International Journal of Remote Sensing , 19 (9), 1663-1681.

    Peterson, T.C., and R.S. Vose, 1997: An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature data base. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 78 (12), 2837-2849.

    Peterson, T.C., D.R. Easterling, T.R. Karl, P.Y. Groisman, N. Nicholls, N. Plummer, S. Torok, I. Auer, R. Boehm, D. Gullett, L. Vincent, R. Heino, H. Tuomenvirta, O. Mestre, T. Szentimre, J. Salinger, E. F rland, I. Hanssen-Bauer, H. Alexandersson, P. Jones, D. Parker, 1998: Homogeneity adjustments of in situ atmospheric climate data: a review. International Journal of Climatology , 18 (13), 1493-1517.

    Peterson, T.C., T.R. Karl, P.F. Jamason, R. Knight, and D.R. Easterling, 1998: The first difference method: maximizing station density for the calculation of long-term global temperature change. Journal of Geophysical Research, Atmospheres , 103 (D20), 25967-25974.

    Peterson, T.C., R. Vose, R. Schmoyer, and V. Razuvaev, 1998: Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) quality control of monthly temperature data. International Journal of Climatology , 18 (11), 1169-1179.

    Peterson, T.C., and J.F. Griffiths, 1997: Historical African data. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 78 (12), 2869-2872.

    Quayle, R.G., and R.G. Steadman, 1998: Steadman's wind chill: an improvement over present scales. Weather and Forecasting , 13 (4), 1187-1193.

    Wallis, T.W.R., 1998: A subset of core stations from the Comprehensive Aerological Reference Dataset (CARDS). Journal of Climate , 11 (2), 272-282.

    Woodruff, S.D., H.F. Diaz, J.D. Elms, and S.J. Worley, 1998: COADS release 2 data and metadata enhancements for improvements of marine surface flux fields. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth , 23 (5-6), 517-527.

    Zhai, P., and R.E. Eskridge, 1997: Atmospheric water vapor over China. Journal of Climate , 10 (10), 2643-2652.

    PROCEEDINGS:

    Alduchov, O.A., and R.E. Eskridge, 1998: A CARDS derived climate product: gridded data. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 109.

    Basist, A., N.C. Grody, T.C. Peterson, and C.N. Williams, 1998: Using the special sensor microwave imager to monitor land surface temperatures. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 282-283.

    Bomin, S, and P.Y. Groisman, 1998: Cloud cover interaction with the near-the-surface land meteorology in the GCMs: comparison with empirical data in tropics and the assessment of the diurnal cycle of this interaction. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 321-322.

    Easterling, D.R., H.F. Diaz, J. Eischeid, A.V. Douglas, and K.E. Kunkel, 1998: Development and analysis of a daily dataset of temperature and precipitation for Mexico and the United States. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 108.

    Gallo, K.P., and T.W. Owen, 1998: Evaluation of methodologies for assessment of the urban heat-island effect. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 97-98.

    Gallo, K.P., and T.W. Owen, 1998: Influence of land use/land cover on U.S. Historical Climate Network temperature trends. Second Symposium on Urban Environment, 2-6 November 1998, Albuquerque, NM . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 65-67.

    Groisman, P.Y., T.R. Karl, D.R. Easterling, R.W. Knight, P.F. Jamason, K.J. Hennessy, R. Suppiah, C.M. Page, J. Wibig, K. Fortuniak, V.N. Razuvaev, A. Douglas, E. Førland, and P.-M. Zhai, 1998: Heavy rainfall in the changing climate. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, J5-J10.

    Karl, T.R., 1998: Climate extremes: trends and attribution. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 156-161.

    Kunkel, K.E., K. Andsager, and D.R. Easterling, 1998: Trends in heavy precipitation events over the continental U.S. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 152-155.

    Lott, J. N., and K.F. Jones, 1998: Using U.S. weather data in modeling ice loads from freezing rain. Eighth International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures, Reykjavik, Iceland, 8-11 June 1998, Proceedings, IWAIS 1998 . "Published by the organising committee of the workshop" but sold/distributed by its editor, rni J�n El;asson, RARIK Iceland State Electricity, arneli@rarik.is or (Fax) +354-487-4667, pages 157-161. Online Copy

    Owen, T.W., and K.P. Gallo, 1998: An assessment of measures of urbanization in the vicinity of U.S. historical climatology network stations. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 95-96.

    Owen, T.W., and K.P. Gallo, 1998: An inter-annual analysis of land cover in the Atlanta metropolitan region. Second Symposium on Urban Environment, 2-6 November 1998, Albuquerque, NM . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 108-110.

    Paulsen, R.T., and N.B. Guttman, 1998: Weather data requirements and models for managing pesticide applications. 23rd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology : weather data requirements for integrated pest management, 2-6 November 1998, Albuquerque, NM . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 13-16.

    Peterson, T., H. Daan, and P. Jones, 1997: The GCOS surface network as a potential source of data for indices and indicators of changes in extreme events. Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes, Asheville, NC [3-6 June 1997] , CLIVAR, GCOS, and WMO, Asheville, NC, (7 pages unnumbered). [not on 1997 report]

    Quattrochi, D.A., J.C. Luvall, C.P. Lo, S.Q. Kidder, H. Taha, R.D. Bornstein, R.R. Gillies, and K.P. Gallo, 1998. Project ATLANTA (Atlanta land use analysis: temperature and air quality) - a study of how the urban landscape affects meteorology and air quality through time. Second Symposium on Urban Environment, 2-6 November 1998, Albuquerque, NM . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 104-107

    Ross, T.F., 1998: Educational resources and applications available using the National Climatic Data Center's World Wide Web site. Seventh Symposium on Education, [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona, Preprints] , American Meteorological Society, Boston, Mass., 121-124. Online Copy

    Sterin, A.M., and R.E. Eskridge, 1998: CARDS derived climate products: monthly station statistics data set. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 110-113.

    Vose, R.S., T.C. Peterson, and M. Hulme, 1998: The Global Historical Climatology Network precipitation data set: version 2.0. Ninth Symposium on Global Change Studies, Namias Symposium on Status and Prospects for Climate Prediction [11-16 January 1998, Phoenix, Arizona] . American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 103-104.

    OTHERS:

    Graumann, A., D. Ross, and M. Sittel. 1997 Atlantic tropical storms: views from the NOAA satellites . National Climatic Data Center technical report no. 98-01. Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 1998. Online Copy

    Graumann, A., ed. GOES Data User's Guide . Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 1998.

    Lott, N., and T. Ross. NCDC products and services guide . Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1998. Online Copy

    Lott, N., and T. Ross. Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters, 1980-1998 . Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1998. Online Copy

    Lott, N., T. Ross, S. McCown, and A. Graumann . Climatic extremes of the summer of 1998 . National Climatic Data Center technical report no. 98-03. Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 1998. Online Copy

    Ross, T., N. Lott, S. McCown, and D. Quinn. The El Nino Winter of '97 - '98 . National Climatic Data Center technical report no. 98-02. Asheville, N.C.: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, 1998. Online Copy

    OTHER WWW:

    Anders, D., et al., 1998: NNDC online store [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.nndc.noaa.gov/phase3/onlinestore.html).

    Fleming, S., 1998: Locate weather observation station record [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/stationlocator.html).

    Godfrey, C., et al., 1998: The climate of 1998, U.S. and global climate perspectives [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/1998/perspectives.html

    Graumann, A., et al., 1998: Images/movies of hurricanes and special events [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/olimages.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: Climate change and weather extremes [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/climateextremes.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: Global surface summary of day [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/gsod.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: Inventories and station lists for US and global surface data [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/surfaceinventories.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: U.S. heavy rainfall [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/rainfall.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: U.S. hurricanes [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/hurricanes.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: US monthly precipitation for cooperative and NWS Sites [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/online/coop-precip.html).

    Lott, N. , 1998: U.S. temperature extremes [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/temperatures.html).

    Lott, N., 1998: U.S. tornadoes [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html

    Lott, N., A. Graumann, and D. Ross, 1998: California flooding and Florida tornadoes, February 1998 [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/febstorm/february98storms.html).

    Lott, N., A. Graumann, and D. Ross, 1998: Eastern U.S. flooding and ice storm, [January 1998] [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/janstorm/janstorm.html).

    Lott, N., and T. Ross , 1998: Weather events of 1991-1998 [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/weather-events.html).

    Lott, N., N. Guttman, and M. Crowe, 1998: El Ni no/La Ni na, depicting the impacts of the 1997/98 El Ni no/La Ni na [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/elnino/elnino.html).

    Lott, N., N. Guttman, and M. Crowe , 1998: Wet Southeast and Gulf Coast, El Nino event [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/elnino/gulfcoast.html).

    Lott, N., S. McCown, T. Ross, A. Graumann , 1998: Georges pummels Caribbean, Florida Keys, and U.S. Gulf Coast [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/georges/georges.html).

    Lott, N., T. Ross, and C. Godfrey , 1998: Climate of 1998, summer weather extremes [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/research/1998/jun/us/us.html).

    Lott, N., T. Ross, and M. Sittel, 1998: Climatic extremes and weather events--maps, tables, report, etc. [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/severeweather/severeweather.html).

    McCown, S., 1998: 1998 summer heat and precipitation extremes [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/texas98/texasrecords.html).

    McCown, S., 1998: Satellite's eye art galleries [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/satellite/satelliteseye/satelliteseye.html).

    McCown, S., T. Ross, N. Lott, A. Graumann , 1998: Mitch, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane since 1780 [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/mitch/mitch.html).

    Ross, D., 1998: NCDC historical GOES browse server [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/plwebapps/plsql/goesbrowser.goesbrowsemain).

    Ross, D., A. Basist , 1998: SSM/I monthly image products [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www5.ncdc.noaa.gov/plwebapps/plsql/ssmimain).

    Ross, T., and D. Quinn, 1998: Global measured extremes of temperature and precipitation [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/globalextremes.html).

    Ross, T., and D. Quinn. Winter Olympics 1998 - Nagano, Japan [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/olympics98/nagano.html).

    Ross, T., and N. Lott, 1998: Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters, 1980-1998 [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/billionz.html).

    Ross, T., N. Lott, and A. Graumann, 1998: Flooding in China, summer 1998 [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/chinaflooding/chinaflooding.html).

    Ross, T., N. Lott, and A. Graumann , 1998: Bonnie buffets North Carolina [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/bonnie/bonnie.html).

    Ross, T., R. Meiggs, and A. Graumann, 1997[not on last bibliography]: Western Plains snowstorm [October 24-26, 1997] [Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. (Available only: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/reports/plainssnow/plainssnow.html).

Top Of Page 1997

  • ARTICLES:

    Basist, A.N. and M. Chelliah, 1997: Comparison of tropospheric temperatures derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, NCEP operational analysis and the microwave sounding unit. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78 (7), 1431-1447.

    Boreman, R., 1997: NCDC's environmental satellite database, the National Climatic Data Center offers users unique environmental data. Earth System Monitor, 7 (4), 1-5.

    Easterling, D.R., B. Horton, P.D. Jones, T.C. Peterson, T.R. Karl, D.E. Parker, M.J. Salinger, V. Razuvayev, N. Plummer, P. Jamason, and C.K. Folland, 1997: Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe. Science, 277 (July 18, 1997), 364-367.

    Eskridge, R.E., J.Y. Ku, S.T. Rao, P.S. Porter, and I.G. Zurbenko, 1997: Separating different scales of motion in time series of meteorological variables. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78 (7), 1473-1483.

    Eskridge, R.E., J.Y. Ku, S.T. Rao, P.S. Porter, and I.G. Zurbenko, 1997: Separating different scales of motion in time series of meteorological variables. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78 (7): 1473-1483.

    Grody, N.C. and A.N. Basist, 1997: Interpretation of SSM/I measurements over Greenland. IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing : a publication of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society, 35 (2), 360-366.

    Groisman, P.Y. and E.L. Genikhovich, 1997: Assessing surface-atmosphere interactions using former Soviet Union standard meteorological network data: Part 1, Method. Journal of climate, 10 (9), 2154-2183.

    Groisman, P.Y., Genikhovich, E.L., Bradley, R.S., and B.M. Ilyin, 1997: Assessing surface-atmosphere interactions using former Soviet Union standard meteorological network data: Part 2, Cloud and snow cover effects. Journal of climate, 10 (9), 2184-2199.

    Karl, T.R. and R.W. Knight, 1997: The 1995 Chicago heat wave, how likely is a recurrence? Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78 (6), 1107-1119.

    Karl, T.R., N. Nicholls, and J. Gregory, 1997: The coming climate. Scientific American, 276 (5), 78-83. Peterson, T., H. Daan, and P. Jones, 1997: Initial selection of a GCOS surface network. Bulletin of the American Meteorology Society, 78 (10), 2145-2152.

    Peterson, T.C., 1997: Gentler term proposed for "borrowers." EOS, transactions, American Geophysical Union, 78 (14), 147.

    Peterson, T.C., 1997: Gentler term proposed for "borrowers." Near-surface views: newsletter of the Near-Surface Geophysics Section of The Society of Exploration Geophysics [Tulsa, OK, Marge Gerhardt, contact, 918-493-3516], June 1997, p. 14. (Reprint of EOS, transactions, American Geophysical Union, 78 (14), 147.

    Peterson, T.C. and T.W.R. Wallis, 1997: Running in the rain. Weather, 52 (3), 93-96.

    Peterson, T.C. and T.W.R. Wallis, 1997: Reply to comments. Weather, 52 (9), 295-296.

    PROCEEDINGS:

    Basist, A., N.C. Grody, T.C. Peterson, and C.N. Williams, 1997: Using the special sensor microwave imager to monitor land surface temperatures and wetness. 10th Conference on Applied Cimatology, [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 23.

    Easterling, D.R., T.C. Peterson, P.D. Jones, T.R. Karl, D.R. Parker, M.J. Salinger, B. Horton, and V.N. Razuvayev, 1997: A new look at maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe. Eighth Symposium on Global Change Studies, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 88-91.

    Gallo, K.P. and T.W. Owen, 1997: Assessment of urban heat islands: a multi-sensor perspective. [Program/Abstracts]. Satellite Applications Conference, Asheville, NC, March 4-6, 1997, [National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC., Abstracts section, no pagination.

    Gallo, K.P and T.W. Owen, 1997: A multi-sensor perspective for assessment of urban heat islands. 10th Conference on Applied Climatology [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 29-30.

    Gallo, K.P., and T.W. Owen, 1997: Assessment of urban heat islands: A multi-sensor perspective. Abstracts. Association of American Geographers 93rd Annual Meeting, 1-5 April 1997, Fort Worth, TX, Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC, 86.

    Groisman, P.Y., E.L. Genikhovich, and V.S. Golubev, 1997: Evaporation from well saturated surfaces derived from standard meteorological observations. Annales geophysicae: Part II, Hydrology oceans, atmosphere & nonlinear geophysics, Supp. II to Vol. 15, C436. (XXII General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society, Vienna, Austria, 21-25 April 1997.)

    Genikhovich, E.L., I.G. Gracheva, and P.Y. Groisman, 1997: Two methods of determination of the turbulent heat flux from routine meteorological data and their application to climatological problems. Annales geophysicae: Part II, Hydrology oceans, atmosphere & nonlinear geophysics. Supp. II to Vol. 15, C437. (XXII General Assembly of the European Geophysical Society, Vienna, Austria, 21-25 April 1997.)

    Groisman, P.Y., Karl, T.R., Easterling, D.R., Knight, R.W., and P.B. Jamason, 1997: Changes in the probability of extreme precipitation: Why they can be so prominent in ongoing climatic changes. Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes [Asheville, NC, June 3-6, 1997], CLIVAR, GCOS, and WMO, Asheville, NC, (volume has no pagination).

    Groisman, P.Y., Golubev, V.S., Genikhovich, E.L., and Sun B., 1997: Evaporation from snow cover: an empirical study. Proceedings, Conference on Polar Processes and Global Climate, Part I of II, Rosario, Orcas Island, Washington, USA, 3-6 November 1997, International Council of Scientific Unions, International Oceanographic Commission, World Meteorological Organization's World Climate Research Programme, Arctic Climate System Study, Oslo, Norway, 72-73.

    Guttman, N.B., 1997: Exploratory analysis of the difference between temperature observations recorded by ASOS and conventional methods. Preprints. Seventh Conference on Aviation, Range, and Aerospace Meteorology, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, J79-J82.

    Guttman, N.B., 1997: National Drought Atlas. Preprints. 13th Conference on Hydrology, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, J1-J4.

    Guttman, N.B., 1997: Relationship between the Palmer drought index and the standardized precipitation index. Preprints. 13th Conference on Hydrology, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, J61-J62.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., 1997: A review of 20th century drought indices used in the United States. 10th Conference on Applied Climatology [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 53-57.

    Heim, R.R., Jr. and N.B. Guttman, 1997: On computing 1971-2000 climate normals in the ASOS era. 10th Conference on Applied Climatology [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 171-175.

    Heim, R.R., Jr., 1997: The 1961-1990 global standard climate normals. 10th Conference on Applied Climatology [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 58-61.

    Karl, T.R. and R.W. Knight, 1997: A multi-variate approach to detecting climate change. Preprints. Eighth Symposium on Global Change Studies, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 188.

    Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, P.Y. Groisman, and D.R. Easterling, 1997: Changes and variations in temperature and precipitation extremes: evidence for an enhanced hydrologic cycle? 10th Conference on Applied Climatology [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 1.

    McCown, M.S., 1997: Access to NOAA satellite data. [Program/Abstracts]. Satellite Applications Conference, Asheville, NC, March 4-6, 1997,[National Climatic Data Center], Asheville, NC., Abstracts section, no pagination.

    McCown, M.S. and L.K. Metcalf, 1997: NCDC: the world's treasure chest. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Remote Sensing for Marine and Coastal Environments, technology and applications, Orlando, FL, 17-19 March, 1997, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM), Ann Arbor, MI, Vol.2, 304-310.

    Manns, D.J., 1997: Climate visualization of NOAA's environmental data. 13th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, Long Beach, CA, February 2-7, 1997, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 416-421.

    Manns, D.J. and W.M. Faas, 1997: Visualization of NOAA's environmental data for cimate applications. 10th Conference on Applied Cimatology, [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 312-313.

    Owen, T.W. and K.P. Gallo, 1997: A satellite assessment of regional-scale land use/land cover associated with climatic change. Preprints. Eighth Symposium on Global Change Studies, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 147-148.

    Owen, T.W. and K.P. Gallo, 1997: Satellite strategies for discerning the urban-rural fringe. Abstracts. Association of American Geographers 93rd Annual Meeting, 1-5 April 1997, Fort Worth, TX, Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC, 201.

    Peterson. T.C., H. Daan, and P. Jones, 1997: Global Climate Observing System surface network. Eighth Symposium on Global Change Studies, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 273-278.

    Ross, T.F., D.J. Manns, and W.M. Faas, 1997: CLIMVIS: A cool way to visualize NOAA's climate data. Preprints. Sixth Symposium on Education, February 2-7, 1997, Long Beach, CA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, J15-J18. Online Copy

    Quayle, R.G. and R.G. Steadman, 1997: Steadman's wind chill: An improvement over present scales. 10th Conference on Applied Cimatology, [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 227-229.

    Tollerud, E.I., M.W. Govett, W.R. Moninger, and P.M. Steurer, 1997: New access and display routines for hourly precipitation data and meadata using CD-ROMs and the world wide web. 10th Conference on Applied Cimatology, [Reno, NV, 20-23 October 1997], American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 314-318.

    OTHER REPORTS/PAPERS:

    [Boreman, R., A. Graumann, N. Lott, D. Ross, and M. Sittel], 1997: 1996 Atlantic tropical storms, views from the NOAA satellites. (Technical report 97-02). National Climatic Data Center, [Asheville, NC], 9 pp., 1997. Online Copy

    [Graumann, A. and R. Boreman, 1997]: Environmental Satellite Data and Information, (Environmental information summary C-16). [Asheville, NC: National Climatic Data Center, 15] pp.

    Griffiths, J.F. and T.C. Peterson, 1997: Hardcopy Sources of Surface Climatic Data, Part 1: Colonial Africa[Online], National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C..

    Kidwell, K.B., 1997: Global vegetation index user's guide. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, Suitland, MD, (1 volume, paging varies).

    Kidwell, K.B., 1997: NOAA polar orbiter data users guide (TIROS-N, NOAA-6, NOAA-7, NOAA-8, NOAA-9, NOAA-10, NOAA-11, NOAA-12, NOAA-13, and NOAA-14). U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, Suitland, MD, (1 volume, paging varies).

    [Lott, N. and T. Ross], 1997: Products and services guide. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, 60 pp.

    Lott, N., D. Ross, and M. Sittel, 1997: The winter of '96-'97, west coast flooding. (Technical report 97-01). National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, N.C., 10 pp. Online Copy

    [Lott, N., R. Boreman, A. Graumann, D. Ross, T. Ross, and M. Sittel], 1997: The spring of 1997, reviewing four significant weather events. (Technical report 97-03). National Climatic Data Center, National Environmental Satelite, Data, and Information Service, [Asheville, N.C.], 9 pp. Online Copy

    Peterson. T., H. Daan, and P. Jones, 1997: Initial selection of a GCOS Surface Network. (WMO/TD no. 799, GCOS-34). [World Meteorological Organization, Geneva], 14 pp.

    [Ross, T. and N. Lott], 1997: Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters 1980-1997. National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, NC, 2 pp.

Top Of Page 1996

ARTICLES:

Alduchov, O.A. and R.E. Eskridge, 1996: Improved Magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 35 (4), 601-609.

Basist, A., D. Garrett, R. Ferraro, N. Grody, and K. Mitchell, 1996: A comparison between snow cover products derived from visible a microwave satellite observations. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 35(2), 163-177.

Chernykh, I.V., and R.E. Eskridge, 1996: Determination of cloud amount and level from radiosonde soundings. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 35 (8), 1362-1369.

Easterling, D.R., T.C. Peterson, and T.R. Karl, 1996: On the development and use of homogenized climate datasets. Journal of Climate, 9 (6), 1429-1434.

Ferraro, R.R., F. Weng, N.C. Grody, and A. Basist, 1996: An eight-year (1987-1994) time series of rainfall, clouds, water vapor, snow cover, and sea ice derived from SSM/I measurements. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77 (5), 891-905.

Gallo, K.P., D.R. Easterling, and T.C. Peterson, 1996: The influence of land use/land cover on climatological values of the diurnal temperature range. Journal of Climate, 9 (11), 2941-2944.

Gallo, K.P., and J.D. Tarpley, 1996: The comparison of vegetation index and surface temperature composites for urban heat-island analysis. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 3071-3076.

Grody, N.C., and A. N. Basist, 1996: Global identification of snowcover using SSM/I measurements. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 34 (1), 237-249.

Groisman, P.Y., D.R. Easterling, R.G. Quayle, V.S. Golubev, A.N Krenke, and A.Y. Mikhailov, 1996: Reducing biases in estimates of precipitation over the United States: phase 3 adjustments. (Special GWEX/GCIP issue) The Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospher 101 (D3, March 20, 1996), 7185-7195.

Groisman, P.Y., E.L. Genikhovich, and P. Zhai, 1996: "Overall" cloud and snow cover effects on internal climate variables: the use clear sky climatology. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77 (9), 2055-2065.

Guttman, N.B., 1996: Statistical characteristics of U.S. Historical Climatology Network temperature distributions. Climate Research Interactions of Climate with Organisms, Ecosystems and Human Societies, 6 (Jan. 30), 33-43.

Guttman, N.B., and C.B. Baker, 1996: Exploratory analysis of the difference between temperature observations recorded by ASOS and conventional methods. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 77 (2), 2865-2873.

Guttman, N.B. and R.G. Quayle, 1996: A historical perspective of U.S. climate divisions. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 77 (2), 293-303.

Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, D.R. Easterling, and R.G. Quayle, 1996: Indices of climate change for the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 77 (2), 279-292. Online Copy

Karl, T.R., P.D. Jones, and R.W. Knight, 1996: Testing for bias in the climate record. Science, 271, 1879-1883.

Lott, N., 1996: NCDC announces new online products and services. Earth System Monitor, 6 (3), 11.

Lott, N., 1996: National Climatic Data Center's very eventful year. Earth System Monitor, 7 (1), 8-11.

Peterson, T.C., and J.F. Griffiths, 1996: Colonial era archive data project. Earth Systems Monitor, 6, 8-16.

Steurer, P.M., 1996: Probability distributions used in 100-year return period of the air-freezing index. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 10(1), 25-35.

Zhai, P., and R. E. Eskridge, 1996: Analysis of inhomogeneities in radiosonde temperature and humidity time series. Journal of Climate, 9 (4), 884-894.

Zurbenko, I., P.S. Porter, S.T. Rao, J. Y. Ku, R. Gui, and R.E. Eskridge 1996: Detecting discontinuities in time series of upper-ai data: development and demonstration of an adaptive filter technique. Journal of Climate, 9 (12, pt. 3), 3548-3560.

PROCEEDINGS:

Eidenshink, J.C., J.L. Faundeen, and K.P. Gallo. The 1-km AVHRR global land data set: an update. Preprints of the AMS 8th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, 28 January-2 February 1996, Atlanta, GA, American Meteorological Society, Bost MA, 321-322.

Gallo, K.P. Global satellite assessment of urban heat islands: a strategy and preliminary results. Preprints of the AMS 12th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology, 28 January-2 February 1996, Atlanta, GA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA,

Groisman, P., D. Easterling, R. Quayle, V. Golubev, and E. Peck, 1996: In situ solid precipitation measurement adjustments: the US experience. Proceedings of the Workshop on the ACSYS Solid Precipitation Climatology Project, (Reston, VA, USA, 12-15 September 1995) (WCRP 93, WMO/TD no.739), World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 38-41.

Groisman, P.Y., and E.L. Genikhovich, 1996: Evaluation of turbulent heat fluxes from meteorological observations. Abstract volume European Conference on Applied Climatology, Norrkoping, Sweden, 7-10 May 1996, SMHI (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institu and ECSN (European Support Climate Network), Norrkoping, Sweden, 178-179.

Groisman, P.Y., R.S. Bradley, and E.L. Genikhovich, 1996: Climate sensitivity to cloud and snow cover variations: comparison of gl climate models with empirical data. Second International Scientific Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle, 17-21 June 199 Washington, D.C., USA, Preprint volume, Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment, World Climate Research Program, [Washington, D.C.? 523-524.

Heim, Jr., R.R. An overview of the 1961-90 climate normals products available from NOAA's National Climatic Data Center. Preprints the 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 28 January-2 February 1996, Atlanta, GA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 193-196.

Heim, Jr., R.R. The NCDC's 1961-90 CLIM20: normals statistics, methodology, and agricultural applications. Preprints of the 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 28 January-2 February 1996, Atlanta, GA, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA, 197-199.

Lott, N., and M. Sittel. The February 1994 ice storm in the southeastern U.S. Proceedings, Seventh International Workshop on Atmospheric Icing of Structures, June 3-7, 1996, Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec, Canada, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, and Hydro-Quebec, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada, 259-264. Online Copy

Owen, T.W., R.R. Gillies, and T.N. Carlson, 1996: An approach towards quantifying the climatic effect of urbanizaton using satellite remotely sensed land cover parameters. 22nd Conference on Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 12th Conference on Biometeor & Aerobiology, January 28-February 2, 1996, Atlanta, Georgia, Preprints, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 444-446.

Viront-Lazar, A., and P.M. Steurer, 1996: Metadata for climate data, a geographic data base model for station history. Proceeding of the First IEEE Metadata Conference, Silver Spring, Maryland. Laurence Livermore National Laboratories, Silver Spring, MD.

OTHER REPORTS/PAPERS:

Alduchov, O.A., and R.E. Eskridge, 1996: Complex quality control of upper-air variables (geopotential height, temperature, wind, an humidity) at mandatory and significant levels for the CARDS data set. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C., 135 pp.

Easterling, D.R., T.R. Karl, E.H. Mason, P.Y. Hughes, and D. P. Bowman, 1996: United States Historical Climatology Network (U.S. HCN), monthly temperature and precipitation data. (Environmental Sciences Division Publication no. 4500; ORNL/CDIAC 87; NDP-0l9/R3) Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, various pagings.

Flaum, J.B., (Project Officer, Eskridge, R.E.), 1996: Application of an adaptive moving average filter to climate and air quality d (Report, NOAA contract 50EANE-2-00078). National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C. 58 pp.

Lott, N., T. Ross, and M. Sittel, 1996: The winter of 95-'96, a season of extremes. (Technical report 96-02). National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, N.C., 15 [i.e., 24] pp. Online Copy

Gallo, K.P. and T.W. Owen, 1996: Identification of urban heat islands using remotely sensed data: a multi-sensor approach. Remote Sensing Core Curriculum Exercise Module. Online Copy

Graumann, A., D. Ross, and N. Lott, 1996: The 1995 hurricane season, a view from the NOAA satellites. (Technical report 96-01). N Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, N.C., 8 [i.e., 35] pp. Online Copy

Groisman, P.Y., and D.R. Easterling, 1995 (not on last year's list): Variability and trends of precipitation and snowfall over North America. In: Natural and climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 67-79.

Guttman, N.B., 1996: North America. In: Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y., 522-530.

Karl, T.R. (editor), 1996: Long-term climate monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System, International Meeting of Experts, Asheville, North Carolina, USA. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Mass., 518 pp.

Karl, T.R., P.D. Jones, R.W. Knight, G. Kukla, N. Plummer, V. Razuvayev, K.P. Gallo, J. Lindseay, and T.C. Peterson, 1995 (not on last year's list): Asymmetric trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature. In: The natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 80-96 pp.

Kidwell, K., 1996: AVHRR data acquisition, processing and distribution at NOAA, Chapter 18. In: Advances in the use of NOAA AVHRR data for land applications. (Eurocourses, Remote sensing v.5). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 433-454.

Lott, N., and M. Sittel, 1996: A comparison of NEXRAD rainfall estimates with recorded amounts. (Technical report 96-03). Nationa Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, N.C., 11 [i.e., 27] pp. Online Copy

Lott, N., and T. Ross: 1996. NCDC Products and Services Guide. [Asheville, N.C.]: National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, 1996.

Luers, J.K. (Project Officer, Eskridge, R.E.), 1996: Temperature correction models for the worlds major radiosondes, 1960-1995. (Final report, NOAA contract 50EANE-2-00077). National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C., 450 pp.

Nicholls, N., G.V. Gruza, J. Jouzel, T.R. Karl, L.A. Ogallo, and D. Parker: 1996: Observed Climate Variability and Change, Chapter In: Climate change, 1995, the science of climate change. Published for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, New York, N.Y., 137-192 pp.

Ross, T., and N. Lott, 1996: Billion Dollar U.S. Weather Disasters, 1980-1996. National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, N.C., 2 pp.

Top Of Page 1995

ARTICLES:

Baker, C.B., R.G. Quayle, and W. Wanlin, 1995: The influence of night time cloud cover on the observed minimum temperature in China. Atmospheric Research, 37 (1-3), 27-35.

Brown, W.O., and R. Heim, 1995: Drought within the United States: update and historical perspective. Drought Network News, 7 (3), 13-14.

Diak, G.R., R.M. Rabin, K.P. Gallo, and C.M. Neale, 1995: Regional-scale comparisons of vegetation and soil wetness with surface energy budget properties from satellite and in-situ observations. Remote Sensing Reviews, 12, 355-382 [i.e., 385].

Easterling, D.R., and T.C. Peterson, 1995: A new method for detecting undocumented discontinuities in climatological time series. International Journal of Climatology, 15 (4), 369-377.

Easterling, D.R., and T.C. Peterson, 1995: The effect of artificial discontinuities on recent trends in minimum and maximum temperatures. Atmospheric Research, 37 (1-3), 19-26.

Eischeid, J., C.B. Baker, T.R. Karl, and H.F. Diaz, 1995: The quality control of long-term climatological data using objective data analysis. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34 (12), 2787- 2795.

Epperson, D.L., J.M. Davis, P. Bloomfield, T.R. Karl, A.L. McNab, and K.P. Gallo, 1995: Estimating the urban bias of surface shelter temperatures using upper-air and satellite data, part I: development of models predicting surface shelter temperatures. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34 (2), 340-357.

Epperson, D.L., J.M. Davis, P. Bloomfield, T.R. Karl, A.L. McNab, and K.P. Gallo, 1995: Estimating the urban bias of surface shelter temperatures using upper-air and satellite data, part II: estimation of the urban bias. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34 (2), 358-370.

Eskridge, R.E., O.A. Alduchov, I.V. Chernykh, P.[-M.] Zhai, A.C. Polansky, and S.R. Doty, 1995: A Comprehensive Aerological Reference Data Set (CARDS): rough and systematic errors. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76 (10), 1759- 1775.

Groisman, P.Y. and D.R. Legates, 1995: Documenting and detecting long-term precipitation trends: where we are and what should be done. Climatic Change, 31 (2-4), 601-622.

Luers, J.K., and R.E. Eskridge, 1995: Temperature corrections for the VIZ and Vaisala radiosondes. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 34 (6), 1241-1253.

Faas, W.M. and V. LaHart, 1995: GLOBE program brings relevance to science activities for today's students. Earth System Monitor, 6 (2), 10-11.

Gallo, K.P., J.D. Tarpley, A.L. McNab, and T.R. Karl. 1995: Assessment of urban heat islands: a satellite perspective. Atmospheric Research, 37 (1-3), 37-43.

Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, and N. Plummer, 1995: Trends in high- frequency climate variability in the twentieth century. Nature, 377 (6546), 217-220.

Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, R.G. Quayle, and D.R. Easterling, 1995: Observed changes in the U.S. climate during the twentieth century. Consequences: the nature and implications of environmental change, 1 (1), 2-10.

Karl, T.R., V.E. Derr, D.R. Easterling, C.K. Folland, D. Hofmann, S. Levitus, N. Nicholls, D.E. Parker, and G.W. Withee, 1995: Critical issues for long-term climate monitoring. Climatic Change, 31 (2-4), 185-221.

Karl, T.[R.], F. Bretherton, W. Easterling, C. Miller and K. Trenberth, 1995: Long-term climate monitoring of the Global Climate Observing Systems (GCOS). Climatic Change, 31 (2-4), 135-147.

Kukla, G., J. Gavin, M. Schlesinger, and T.[R.] Karl, 1995: Comparison of observed seasonal temperature maxima, minima and diurnal range in North America with simulations from three global climate models. Atmospheric Research, 37, 267-275.

LaHart, V., and W.M. Faas, 1995: GLOBE program brings relevance to science activities for today's students. Florida Science Teacher, 11 (1), 15-17.

Metcalf, K., and S. McCown, 1995: The National Climatic Data Center, The world's weather archive. Science Information Systems Newsletter, 36 (July), 25-26.

Peterson, T.C., V.S. Golubev, and P.Y. Groisman, 1995: Evaporation losing its strength. Nature, 377 (6551), 687-688.

Plantico, M., and J.N. Lott, 1995: Foreign weather data servicing at NCDC. ASHRAE Transactions, 101, pt 1, 7 pp. Online Copy

Preston, L.D., 1995: Ishikawa aided communication with a non- librarian manager. Library Management Quarterly, 18 (3), 6-7.

Steurer, P.M. and J.H. Crandell, 1995: Comparison of methods to create estimates of air-freezing index. Journal of Cold Region Engineering, 9 (2), 64-74.

Wooster, M.J., T.S. Richards, and K. Kidwell, 1995: NOAA-11 AVHRR/2 thermal channel calibration update. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16 (2), 359-363.

PROCEEDINGS:

Easterling, D.R., 1995: Statistical generation of surface air temperature for the central USA using a general circulation model simulation. 6th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, 19-23 June, 1995 University College, Galway, Ireland, All-Ireland Committee on Statistics, American Meteorological Society (Committee on Probability and Statistics), European Union, Irish Meteorological Service, University College Galway, and the World Meteorological Organization, [Galway, Ireland?], 201-202.

Easterling, D.R., T.[R.] Karl, T.C. Peterson, 1995: On the development and use of homogenized climate data sets. 6th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, 19-23 June, 1995 University College, Galway, Ireland, All-Ireland Committee on Statistics, American Meteorological Society (Committee on Probability and Statistics), European Union, Irish Meteorological Service, University College Galway, World Meteorological Organization, [Galway, Ireland?], 435-438.

Elms, J.D., 1995: COADS project report: early data digitization and United States code history. Proceedings of the International COADS Winds Workshop, Kiel, Germany, 31 May-2 June 1994, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Climate Diagnostics Center and Institut fur Meereskunde at Kiel, [Boulder, CO], 29-36.

Gallo, K.P., T.C. Peterson, and D.R. Easterling, 1995: The influence of land use/land cover on climatological values of the diurnal temperature range. Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology, 15-20 Jan. 1995, Dallas, Texas. Preprint Volume, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 163-165.

Groisman, P.[Y.], and P.-M. Zhai, 1995: Climate variability under clear skies: applications for the cloud and snow cover feedback problems. 6th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, 19-23 June, 1995 University College, Galway, Ireland, All-Ireland Committee on Statistics, American Meteorological Society (Committee on Probability and Statistics), European Union, Irish Meteorological Service, University College Galway, World Meteorological Organization, [Galway, Ireland?], 605-608.

Groisman, P.Y., P.-M. Zhai, and E.L. Genikhovich, 1995: Cloud and snow cover effects on the surface-atmosphere interactions. International GEWEX Workshop on Cold-Season/Region Hydrometeorology, Summary Report and Proceedings, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 22-26 May, 1995 (IGPO Publication Series no. 15), [International GEWEX Project Office (IGPO), Washington, DC,] 209-212.

Guttman, N.B., 1995: Drought and statistical analyses: problems and solutions. Conference on Hydrology, January 15-20, Dallas, Texas, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., J 13, 1-6.

Guttman, N.B., R. Husar, and N.L. Thompson, 1995: A user-friendly interactive system to provide information to decision makers. 11th International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology, January 15-20, Dallas, Texas, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 189-194.

Kaiser, D.P., R.S. Vose, T.R. Karl, and V.N. Razuvaev, 1995: The distribution of cloud cover over the former USSR as derived from the RIHMI 223 station 3-hourly meteorological database. Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology, 15-20 Jan. 1995, Dallas, Texas. Preprint Volume, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 81-86.

Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, and T.C. Peterson, 1995: An alternative method of calculating a worldwide land surface temperature change index. Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology, 15-20 Jan. 1995, Dallas, Texas. Preprint Volume, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 161-162.

Karl, T.R., and R.W. Knight, 1995: Temporal changes in the intensity and frequency of precipitation and the variability of temperature over the U.S.A. and Asia. Sixth Symposium on Global Change Studies January 15-20, 1995 Dallas, Texas, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 198-201.

Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, G. Kukla, and J. Gavin, 1995: Evidence for radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols in North America. Sixth Symposium on Global Change Studies January 15-20, 1995 Dallas, Texas, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 160-165.

Ross, T.F., 1995: An update on NCDC CD-ROM products and on-line services available for educators. Fourth Symposium on Education, 15-20 Jan. 1995, Dallas, Texas. Preprint Volume, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., J6, 29-33.

Vose, R.S., T.C. Peterson, R.L. Schmoyer, and J.E. Eischeid, 1995: The Global Historical Climatology Network, a preview of version 2. Ninth Conference on Applied Climatology, 15-20 Jan. 1995, Dallas, Texas. Preprint Volume, American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA., 59-64.

OTHER REPORTS/PAPERS:

Kidwell, K.B., 1994 [i.e., 1995]: Global vegetation index user's guide and supplement. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, National Climatic Data Center, Satellite Data Services Division, Washington, DC, 126 pp.

Kidwell, K.B., 1995: NOAA polar orbiter data user's guide (TIROS-N, NOAA-6, NOAA-7, NOAA-8, NOAA-9, NOAA-10, NOAA-11, NOAA- 12, NOAA-13, and NOAA-14). U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, National Climatic Data Center, Satellite Data Services Division, Washington, DC, 410 pp.

Lott, N., T. Ross, and M. Sittel, 1995: White Christmas? Technical report 95-03. National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, [Asheville, NC], 14 pp. Online Copy

[Lott, N., A. Graumann, J. Kobar, D. Ross, K. Ross, T. Ross and M. Sittel], 1995: Hurricane Opal. Technical report 95-02. National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, [Asheville, NC], 19 pp. Online Copy

Lott, N. and M. Sittel, 1995: January & March 1995: a California cloudburst. Technical report 95-01. National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, [Asheville, NC], 22 pp. Online Copy

Lott, N. and T. Ross, 1995: National Climatic Data Center products and services. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA, NESDIS, National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, Asheville, NC, 52 pp.

OTHER REPORTS (BOOKS, CHAPTERS IN BOOKS, ETC.):

Chernykh, I.V., and R.E. Eskridge, 1995: Cloud level determination. Optics for environmental and public safety. 19-23 June 1995, Fairgrounds, Munich, Germany. Unpublished symposium? held in conjunction with the SPIE symposium, Fiber optic and laser sensors XIII, 20-21 June, 1995, Munich, FRG (Proceedings, SPIE The International Society for Optical Engineering, v. 2510).

Gallo, K.P. (editor of journal), 1995- : Geocarto international, a multi-disciplinary journal of remote sensing and GIS.

Gallo, K.P., 1995: Global satellite assessment of urban heat islands: a strategy and preliminary results. (An oral presentation at the 12 Conf. on Biomet. and Aerobiology).

Karl, T.R. (editor of special issue), 1995: Long-term climate monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System, international meeting of experts, Asheville, North Carolina, USA. (Climatic Change, 31 (2-4), 131-652).

Karl, T.R. Observed climate change in the instrumented record. (Invited Lecture at NASA Goddard.)

Karl, T.R. Long-term climate monitoring. (Invited lecture, Climate and Global Change Meeting, Feb 1995.)

Karl - Chair Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and paper: "Observed climate variability and change."

Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, G. Kukla, and J. Gavin, 1995: Evidence for radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols in the observed climate record. Aerosol forcing of climate, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 363-382.

Peterson, T.C., 1995: Regional climate research and applications for the Americas. Monitoring for Climate Change Detection in the Americas, an Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) and Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Workshop. December 5-8, Vi�a del Mar, Chili. (Oral Presentation)

Peterson, T.C., David R. Easterling, and Thomas R. Karl, 1995: The role of urban warming in observed trends of maximum and minimum temperatures. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, October 23-27, Seattle. (Oral Presentation)

Peterson, T.C., 1995: Climate research at the U.S. National Climatic Data Center. Central Institute for Meteorology, Vienna, Austria, March 28. (Oral Presentation)

Peterson, T.C., 1995: Statistical and mathematical checks (for spatial and temporal consistency) on historical data series. WMO Global Training Seminar on Data Quality, Toulouse, France, March 20-25. (Oral Presentation)

Peterson, T.C., 1995: Importance of data quality for climate studies. WMO Global Training Seminar on Data Quality, Toulouse, France, March 20-25. (Oral Presentation)

Peterson, T.C., D.R. Easterling, and R.S. Vose, 1995: Observed long-term climate change in and around the warm pool. Symposium on the Regulation of Sea Surface Temperature and Warming of the Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, January 15-20, Dallas. (Oral Presentation)

Ross, T. and N. Lott. Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters 1980-1995. [Asheville, N.C.]: National Climatic Data Center, Research Customer Service Group, 1995.

The WMO guide to the applications of marine climatology. NCDC contributed a significant amount of material and is mentioned often in the text. Individuals cited include J.D. Elms, T.R. Karl, and R.G. Quayle.

ARTICLES IN REFEREED CD-ROM PUBLICATION:

U.S. Department of Commerce. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Climatic Data Center (compiler and distributor). NOAA National Environmental Watch (CD-ROM). Prototype [edition]. Asheville, NC, [1994]. (System requirements: Windows software) (CD-ROMs available from ncdc.orders@noaa.gov; INTERNET access available (Mosaic software required) through National Climatic Data Center; INTERNET.)

The following articles are in the above CD-ROM:

Guttman, N.B. Regional temporal trends of U.S. precipitation. In NOAA National Environmental Watch [CD-ROM]. Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1994.

Guttman, N.B. Spatial comparability of the Palmer Drought Severity Index. In NOAA National Environmental Watch [CD-ROM]. Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1994.

Karl, T.R. Recent rise of nighttime temperatures. In NOAA National Environmental Watch [CD-ROM]. Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1994.

Karl, T.R. and N.B. Guttman. Global Warming Update. In NOAA National Environmental Watch [CD-ROM]. Asheville, N.C.: National Climatic Data Center, 1994.

NON-NOAA MONOGRAPHS (SUBSTANTIAL AUTHORSHIP, NOT PRIMARILY DATA CONTRIBUTORS):

Peterson, T.C., 1994: Report of the International Workshop on Quality Control of Monthly Climate Data, National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, North Carolina, USA, October 5-6, 1993, ORNL/CDIAC 69, NCDC Global Climate Laboratory Monograph, National Climatic Data Center, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, World Meteorological Organization, [Oak Ridge, TN?], [1994], 28 pp.

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