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 | | This site provides information on methods and sources available to reduce, refine or replace animals used in teaching, testing, and research. A fundamental goal of the Animal Welfare Act and the accompanying regulations is the minimization of animal pain and distress via the consideration of alternatives and alternative methods. |
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 | Principles of Humane Experimental Technique
Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing.
In 1959 Russell and Burch classified humane techniques as replacement, reduction, and refinement--now commonly known as the 3Rs. |
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 | Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education
US Congress. Office of Technology Assessment.
This 1986 report analyzes the scientific, regulatory, economic, legal, and ethical considerations involved in alternative technologies in biomedical and behavioral research, toxicity testing, and education. |
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| BioSim
European Commission.
This Network of Excellence aims to demonstrate how the use of modern simulation technique through a deeper and more qualitative understanding of the underlying biological, pathological and pharmacological processes can lead to a more rational drug development process, improved treatment procedures, and a reduction in the needs for animal experiments. |
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Last Modified: Sep 2, 2008 |
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