Text of Slides from Presentation by Connie Radwan, EPA/OMS at the Denver PART5 Workshop, November 1995 Slides 27-38 of this presentation are graphs. You must use the Acrobat PDF version of the presentation to view those. ====================================================== 1 PART5 * Differences from old Particulate Model * Emission Factor Development * Input, Sensitivities * Trends ====================================================== 2 PART5 * FORTRAN Program * Calculates particulate emission factors in gram/mile for 12 vehicle classes * On-road vehicles, trucks, motorcycles * Particle sizes less than or equal to 1.0 - 10.0 microns * Name indicates consistency with MOBILE5a in format and fleet characterization data ====================================================== 3 New From 1985 Particulate Model/AP42 * Low sulfur fuel regulation of October 1993 * Lower particulate emission standards * Carbon portion of exhaust PM now includes both: - Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) - Remaining Carbon Portion (RCP), elemental carbon ====================================================== 4 New From 1985 Particulate Model/AP42 (Con t) * Expansion of heavy duty diesel vehicle classification into 5 sub-categories * Separation of light duty cars and trucks by gasoline and diesel * Three additional bus usage categories: - Transit - Central Business District - Heavy Urban ====================================================== 5 New From 1985 Particulate Model/AP42 (Con t) * Option to print gaseous SO2 emission factors * Option to print idle emission factors * Fugitive dust for paved and unpaved roads ====================================================== 6 Diesel Vehicle Emission Factors * Direct Sulfate (SO4) * Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) * Remaining Carbon Portion (RCP) * Exhaust Particulate Matter (PM) ====================================================== 7 Gasoline Vehicle Emission Factors * Lead * Direct Sulfate (SO4) * Carbon * Exhaust Particulate Matter (PM) ====================================================== 8 All Vehicle Types * Indirect Sulfate (SO4) * Brake-wear * Tire-wear * Total Particulate Matter (PM), includes: - Exhaust PM, Indirect Sulfate, - Brake-wear, Tire-wear * Fleet average Unpaved Road Dust * Fleet average Paved Road Dust ====================================================== 9 Optional * Idle emissions for heavy-duty diesel vehicle classes * Gaseous Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) ====================================================== 10 Diesel Vehicle Emission Factors * Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Sulfur and Aromatics Contents of On-Highway Diesel Fuel, 1990 * Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Conversion Factors II 1962-2000, EPA-AA-SDSB-89-01 * Development of Conversion Factors for Heavy-Duty Bus Engines g/bhp-hr to g/mile, EPA-AA-EVRB-92-01 ====================================================== 11 Heavy-Duty Diesel Emission Factors * G/bhp-hr to g/mi conversion factors are calculated by: CF = r / BSFC * FE where: CF = conversion factor in bhp-hr/mi r = fuel density in lb/gal BSFC = brake-specific fuel consumption in lb/bhp-hr FE = fuel economy in mi/gal ====================================================== 12 Sulfate Emission Factors * sulfur --> exhaust --> direct sulfate (SO4) in fuel OR --> gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2) and --> indirect sulfate (SO4) in atmosphere ====================================================== 13 Low Sulfur Fuel Effects * Calendar years preceding 1993 assume .25 weight % sulfur fuel * Calendar years 1993 and later assume .05 weight % sulfur fuel ====================================================== 14 Diesel Carbon Portions * Soluble Organic Fraction (SOF) SOFm,v = [EFm,v - DSULFm,v] * fractionSOF,v * Remaining Carbon Portion (RCP) RCPm,v = EFm,v - DSULFm,v - SOFm,v ====================================================== 15 Gasoline Vehicle Emission Factors * Size-Specific Total Particulate Emission Factors for Mobile Sources, EPA-460/3-85-005 * Motor Vehicle-Related Air Toxics Study, EPA-420-R-93-005 ====================================================== 16 Direct Sulfate for Catalyst Equipped Gasoline Vehicles * DSULFm,v = [FRACcat/no air(.005) + FRACcat/air(.016)], for speeds at or < 19.6 mph * DSULFm,v = [FRACox/no air(.005) + FRAC3w/no air(.001) + FRACox/air(.02) + FRAC3w/air(.025)], for speeds at or > 34.8 mph ====================================================== 17 Input * Control Section * One-time Data Section * Scenario Section ====================================================== 18 Control Section * Controls the input, output and execution of the program * Determines whether additional input required * Controls whether certain options should be included in calulations ====================================================== 19 IMFLAG * Legal values: 1 = no I/M program 2 = I/M program * No user-supplied data required for this flag * Will only affect lead and sulfate particulate emission factors for GASOLINE vehicles * Only of any significance if substantial fraction of fleet is pre-1985 model years ====================================================== 20 RFGFLG * Legal values: 1 = no reformulated gasoline 2 = reformulated gasoline * Affects gasoline vehicles only * Sulfur weight % - .034 for calendar years preceding 2000 - When RFGFLG = 2, set to .0138 for calendar years 2000+ * Exhuast PM reductions consistant with MOBILE5 HC reductions ====================================================== 21 BUSFLG * Legal values: 1 = do not print alternative bus cycle efs 2 = print Transit and Central Business District (CBD) bus cycle efs 3 = print Heavy Urban bus cycle efs * Based on conversion factors (g/Bhp-hr to g/mi) developed from various test cycles * The lower the fuel economy, the more severe the conversion factor ====================================================== 22 One-time Data Section * Allows user-supplied information to over-ride internal values in PART5 as specified by the control flags * Enter in the same order as specified by the control flags * Expects input data when VMFLAG and MYMRFG set to other than 1, or OUTFMT set to 5 ====================================================== 23 Scenario Section * Details individual scenarios for which efs are to be calculated * Region; 1 = low altitude, 2 = high altitude - no affect currently in the model * Calendar year of evaluation; enter year 1960 through 2020 * Speed cycle; 1 = transient, 2 = steady (cruise) driving - minimal effect on lead EF's * Speed; average speed in mph - minimal affect on lead and sulfate EF's only ====================================================== 24 Fugitive Dust Related Inputs * Unpaved road silt% * Paved road silt loading * Fleet average number of wheels * Number of precipitation days with > .01 inches of rain per year * Fleet average vehicle weight ====================================================== 25 Particle Size Cutoff (PSC) * Maximum aerodynamic diameter of particles included in the emission factor * User input: minimum 1.0 mm* maximum 10.0 mm * exception: fugitive dust fleet average emission factors, minimum PSC is 2.5 mm ====================================================== 26 Particulate Emission Standards Model Year Particulate Vehicle Type Group Standard LDDV 1982-1986 0.60 g/mi 1987-1993 0.20 g/mi LDV 1994+ 0.10 g/mi LDDT 1982-1986 0.60 g/mi LDDT, <3750 lbs.* 1987 0.26 g/mi LDDT, >3750 lbs. 1987 0.50 g/mi LDDT 1988-1993 0.26 g/mi LDT1 1994+ 0.10 g/mi LDT2, <5750 lbs. 1994+ 0.10 g/mi LDT2, >5750 lbs. 1994+ 0.12 g/mi HDDV 1988-1990 0.60 g/bhp-hr 1991-1993 0.25 g/bhp-hr 1994+ 0.10 g/bhp-hr Buses 1988-1990 0.60 g/bhp-hr 1991-1992 0.25 g/bhp-hr 1993 0.10 g/bhp-hr 1994-1995 0.07 g/bhp-hr 1996+ 0.05 g/bhp-hr, Cert. 0.07 g/bhp-hr, in-use ======================================================