NC BL 07/00/2007 Table: Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Bulletin 3135-70, September 2006 Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Civilian Private industry State and local government workers workers workers Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Worker and establishment characteristics Mean Mean Mean weekly weekly weekly Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) (percen- (percen- (percen- t) t) t) All workers........................................................... $19.22 3.4 36.0 $18.43 3.9 35.7 $23.28 6.7 37.9 Worker characteristics(4)(5) Management, professional, and related............................... 30.02 3.2 37.8 30.33 4.0 37.7 29.30 5.0 37.9 Management, business, and financial............................... 33.21 6.3 40.9 33.28 6.8 41.0 32.45 9.8 39.5 Professional and related.......................................... 28.56 3.5 36.5 28.25 4.2 35.7 29.02 6.1 37.7 Service............................................................. 10.74 7.0 30.9 9.60 7.2 29.6 16.47 7.5 38.9 Sales and office.................................................... 15.76 5.2 35.4 15.92 5.8 35.1 14.70 2.5 37.4 Sales and related................................................. 17.64 11.2 33.7 17.64 11.2 33.7 – – – Office and administrative support................................. 14.83 2.3 36.3 14.86 2.8 36.1 14.70 2.5 37.4 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.49 2.9 40.1 18.17 3.0 40.1 21.56 8.9 39.7 Construction and extraction...................................... 16.46 7.1 40.0 16.41 7.6 40.0 17.90 4.5 38.9 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 21.39 5.7 40.3 21.13 6.5 40.3 22.54 10.2 40.0 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 14.85 3.7 37.6 14.83 3.8 37.7 15.40 .9 33.6 Production........................................................ 15.73 5.4 39.1 15.73 5.4 39.1 – – – Transportation and material moving................................ 13.91 4.0 36.1 13.84 4.1 36.2 15.31 1.5 33.5 Full time........................................................... 20.54 3.2 40.0 19.90 3.5 40.0 23.57 7.8 39.9 Part time........................................................... 10.68 7.3 22.0 9.92 5.2 22.0 19.35 24.3 22.3 Union............................................................... 20.07 3.9 38.6 20.07 3.9 38.6 – – – Nonunion............................................................ 19.18 3.6 35.9 18.33 4.2 35.5 23.28 6.7 37.9 Time................................................................ 18.72 3.2 35.7 17.75 3.6 35.3 23.28 6.7 37.9 Incentive........................................................... 25.10 14.5 40.5 25.10 14.5 40.5 – – – Establishment characteristics Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 18.61 2.4 39.9 (6) (6) (6) Service providing................................................... (6) (6) (6) 18.39 4.8 34.8 (6) (6) (6) 1-99 workers........................................................ 16.73 4.9 34.9 16.74 4.9 34.9 – – – 100-499 workers..................................................... 19.28 11.9 35.9 19.24 12.3 35.8 20.56 7.7 37.1 500 workers or more................................................. 22.82 4.7 38.0 22.19 6.1 38.0 23.47 7.1 38.0 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-providing industries applies to private industry only. Industries are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $19.22 3.4 $20.54 3.2 $10.68 7.3 Management occupations.............................................. 37.01 9.6 37.02 9.6 – – Level 9 .................................................. 22.69 3.2 22.69 3.2 – – Level 11.................................................. 36.54 2.6 36.54 2.6 – – Level 13.................................................. 55.64 4.1 55.64 4.1 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 43.66 14.3 43.69 14.3 – – Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 7.8 53.71 7.8 – – Financial managers................................................ 47.13 21.7 47.13 21.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 51.39 24.4 51.39 24.4 – – Education administrators.......................................... 36.14 3.7 36.14 3.7 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.73 5.0 27.76 5.1 – – Level 7 .................................................. 19.43 3.6 19.43 3.6 – – Level 8 .................................................. 28.22 13.2 28.71 15.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 31.75 4.9 31.75 4.9 – – Level 11.................................................. 40.08 1.0 40.08 1.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 28.48 10.6 28.48 10.6 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 25.99 9.8 26.00 10.3 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.37 5.2 34.27 5.6 – – Level 9 .................................................. 34.00 3.2 34.00 3.2 – – Level 10.................................................. 39.05 5.6 39.05 5.6 – – Level 11.................................................. 40.18 2.2 40.18 2.2 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 32.79 7.2 32.79 7.2 – – Computer programmers.............................................. 35.61 4.4 35.61 4.4 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 37.90 6.3 38.31 7.7 – – Level 9 .................................................. 32.69 2.9 32.69 2.9 – – Level 11.................................................. 40.80 2.1 40.80 2.1 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.82 22.7 30.82 22.7 – – Engineers......................................................... 47.18 7.4 47.18 7.4 – – Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 17.75 9.4 17.75 9.4 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.11 5.7 26.10 3.5 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.53 6.4 21.46 8.4 – – Counselors........................................................ 27.00 8.5 27.29 8.3 – – Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 29.05 9.6 29.05 9.6 – – Social workers.................................................... 18.56 8.0 – – – – Legal occupations................................................... 32.55 27.6 32.55 27.6 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.22 8.1 30.46 8.3 19.24 14.0 Level 6 .................................................. 24.11 8.8 – – – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.42 1.4 28.42 1.4 – – Level 10.................................................. $23.74 8.6 – – – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.15 8.9 $43.75 9.9 – – Level 10.................................................. 23.74 8.6 – – – – Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 52.49 5.1 – – – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.73 2.1 27.80 2.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.39 1.4 28.39 1.4 – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.21 3.9 28.33 3.9 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.37 2.9 29.37 2.9 – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.33 4.0 28.46 4.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.60 2.5 29.60 2.5 – – Special education teachers...................................... 26.07 2.3 26.07 2.3 – – Librarians........................................................ 26.87 4.9 27.03 4.4 – – Teacher assistants................................................ 13.07 11.4 12.92 10.6 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.03 6.6 20.79 7.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.17 5.2 – – – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.30 8.3 24.47 10.2 $23.31 12.5 Level 6 .................................................. 21.19 3.8 21.71 8.4 – – Level 7 .................................................. 18.03 6.6 – – – – Level 8 .................................................. 30.65 10.8 30.91 11.5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 27.99 4.4 28.09 5.6 27.63 1.1 Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.13 7.0 – – – – Registered nurses................................................. 26.67 5.0 26.84 6.3 26.11 4.9 Level 8 .................................................. 26.13 1.0 25.63 1.3 – – Level 9 .................................................. 27.05 5.6 26.99 7.1 27.24 1.7 Therapists........................................................ 30.34 7.3 30.00 7.9 – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.65 5.2 18.80 1.5 – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.79 15.8 12.60 13.8 8.86 11.9 Level 3 .................................................. 10.28 7.2 10.80 3.2 8.50 11.9 Level 4 .................................................. 14.13 16.0 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.36 4.9 10.90 1.2 8.93 14.2 Level 3 .................................................. 10.02 6.6 10.64 .8 8.50 11.9 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.88 1.6 10.92 1.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.61 .8 10.65 .8 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 12.59 18.7 13.29 17.2 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 16.61 11.1 16.80 11.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.34 11.1 – – – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.56 3.9 17.56 3.9 – – Level 6 .................................................. 16.69 18.3 16.69 18.3 – – Level 7 .................................................. 21.61 1.0 21.61 1.0 – – Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Police officers................................................... 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ $22.36 6.7 $22.36 6.7 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 10.86 4.1 – – – – Security guards................................................. 10.86 4.1 – – – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.79 3.0 9.30 4.4 $6.61 4.2 Level 1 .................................................. 6.45 4.9 6.71 16.5 6.36 11.0 Level 2 .................................................. 7.68 7.6 9.03 9.9 5.56 7.3 Level 3 .................................................. 11.08 3.6 – – 10.32 3.0 Cooks............................................................. 9.02 5.2 – – 8.14 3.0 Level 3 .................................................. 10.12 11.2 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 9.50 11.8 – – – – Food preparation workers.......................................... 9.56 8.4 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.55 12.7 7.54 23.3 5.20 11.9 Level 1 .................................................. 4.60 27.6 – – 4.72 34.9 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5 Level 1 .................................................. 2.38 11.0 – – – – Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.08 6.7 9.80 15.1 6.39 5.1 Level 1 .................................................. 6.96 .8 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.71 4.3 – – 6.41 4.8 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.96 13.0 12.31 14.3 8.93 4.7 Level 1 .................................................. 10.05 2.2 10.27 2.0 – – Level 2 .................................................. 8.85 2.1 8.80 1.7 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.29 2.5 10.36 2.9 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.18 2.1 10.27 2.3 – – Level 2 .................................................. 8.92 2.2 8.80 1.7 – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.12 2.0 11.34 2.0 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.49 2.6 10.60 2.6 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.86 .8 8.85 .8 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.63 5.7 – – – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.87 7.9 – – – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.20 14.4 – – 7.94 8.9 Level 2 .................................................. 7.68 1.9 – – 7.53 5.2 Level 3 .................................................. 10.79 8.5 – – – – Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.64 11.2 20.09 12.6 8.93 8.2 Level 1 .................................................. 7.50 2.6 – – 7.51 3.5 Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 8.66 5.8 – – 8.36 5.1 Level 4 .................................................. 15.56 10.0 15.19 13.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.21 19.3 17.21 19.3 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.56 9.4 21.56 9.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.73 33.3 26.26 34.1 – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 27.8 21.91 27.8 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. $11.95 2.6 $14.03 4.1 $8.93 8.7 Level 1 .................................................. 7.40 1.9 – – 7.37 2.1 Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 9.36 8.4 – – 8.36 5.1 Level 4 .................................................. 16.32 18.5 15.82 24.3 – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – – Retail salespersons............................................. 13.66 1.0 14.68 7.4 10.75 25.8 Level 4 .................................................. 16.20 22.2 15.57 30.1 – – Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 26.3 82.15 26.3 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 15.7 19.99 15.7 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 15.8 20.02 15.8 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.83 2.3 15.35 2.4 11.51 6.5 Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 3.0 10.49 3.9 9.44 5.3 Level 3 .................................................. 12.24 4.1 12.55 4.7 10.81 6.8 Level 4 .................................................. 14.95 4.9 15.04 5.1 13.40 5.8 Level 5 .................................................. 16.23 4.8 16.44 5.1 – – Level 6 .................................................. 18.46 1.8 18.35 1.8 – – Level 7 .................................................. 20.91 4.4 20.91 4.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.92 3.7 14.90 3.7 10.62 11.7 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.22 5.0 21.22 5.0 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 14.00 3.5 14.37 3.7 11.82 3.7 Level 3 .................................................. 12.38 6.4 13.25 10.4 – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.36 3.1 13.43 2.8 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.21 9.7 – – – – Bill and account collectors..................................... 15.09 .8 15.07 1.0 – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.96 3.6 14.27 3.1 – – Level 4 .................................................. 12.55 6.1 – – – – Tellers......................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 16.31 8.4 16.66 8.8 13.31 20.8 Level 3 .................................................. 12.54 5.0 12.54 5.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.74 9.9 18.00 9.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.10 14.0 13.80 16.7 – – Library assistants, clerical...................................... 9.44 10.2 – – – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.13 13.9 13.77 15.0 – – Level 3 .................................................. 14.94 13.0 – – – – Dispatchers....................................................... 16.36 10.1 16.40 10.3 – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.59 10.4 10.55 12.8 8.11 2.6 Level 3 .................................................. 9.55 5.2 – – – – Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... $16.87 2.9 $17.08 2.8 $14.09 7.8 Level 4 .................................................. 14.36 4.5 14.36 4.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 14.87 2.6 14.88 2.9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 17.32 7.2 18.18 5.8 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.28 3.1 17.37 3.5 – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.65 4.4 13.86 4.8 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.44 7.9 15.44 7.9 – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 7.5 15.92 7.5 – – Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 11.40 8.4 – – – – Office clerks, general............................................ 13.43 4.8 14.17 5.4 11.15 9.3 Level 3 .................................................. 11.42 7.1 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.58 6.5 13.61 6.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.87 10.2 – – – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.46 7.1 16.47 7.1 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.63 8.0 14.63 8.0 – – Level 7 .................................................. 20.78 9.0 20.78 9.0 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.39 5.7 21.39 5.7 – – Level 5 .................................................. 19.93 15.2 19.93 15.2 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.28 8.1 21.28 8.1 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.26 4.2 23.26 4.2 – – First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................................ 26.83 4.4 26.83 4.4 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.67 17.8 19.67 17.8 – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.50 21.5 19.50 21.5 – – Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.68 8.4 19.68 8.4 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.57 16.4 19.57 16.4 – – Level 7 .................................................. 25.96 3.1 25.96 3.1 – – Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.03 2.2 25.03 2.2 – – Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 7.6 22.87 7.6 – – Production occupations.............................................. 15.73 5.4 15.87 5.5 10.67 16.2 Level 2 .................................................. 10.43 1.8 10.57 1.3 – – Level 3 .................................................. 13.67 7.9 13.52 8.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.81 7.9 17.81 7.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.25 3.4 17.25 3.4 – – Level 6 .................................................. 28.33 .2 28.33 .2 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.19 11.4 23.19 11.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 18.70 8.2 18.73 8.3 – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 31.05 12.8 31.05 12.8 – – Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.75 8.2 12.24 7.0 – – Printers.......................................................... 16.39 16.4 16.39 16.4 – – Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 17.5 15.92 17.5 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.68 17.6 13.85 18.6 – – Level 2 .................................................. $12.38 9.1 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.91 4.0 $14.97 3.6 $10.02 5.5 Level 1 .................................................. 8.27 8.4 9.17 10.1 7.07 10.8 Level 2 .................................................. 12.37 8.6 12.95 8.1 10.06 12.8 Level 3 .................................................. 12.96 4.4 13.45 5.3 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.14 2.8 15.14 2.8 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.56 1.5 15.56 1.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.84 10.2 14.93 3.6 – – First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand..................................................... 17.88 7.7 – – – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.98 4.4 14.57 2.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 16.32 3.9 16.32 3.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 14.90 4.5 14.90 4.5 – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.58 2.6 14.61 2.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.81 1.4 15.81 1.4 – – Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 7.6 12.78 7.6 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.00 3.9 14.35 3.1 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.19 7.2 12.20 8.3 9.66 5.8 Level 1 .................................................. 8.68 4.8 8.88 8.0 8.15 7.5 Level 2 .................................................. 13.22 11.6 14.12 10.2 10.49 14.8 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.35 9.2 13.82 5.8 9.88 12.4 Level 1 .................................................. 10.67 10.7 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 13.80 13.8 14.45 11.3 – – Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.14 3.8 – – – – Level 1 .................................................. 7.88 5.4 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $18.43 3.9 $19.90 3.5 $9.92 5.2 Management occupations.............................................. 37.17 10.0 37.17 10.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 22.63 3.3 22.63 3.3 – – Level 13.................................................. 56.92 1.9 56.92 1.9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 43.90 14.8 43.90 14.8 – – Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 7.8 53.71 7.8 – – Financial managers................................................ 48.05 22.1 48.05 22.1 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 51.83 24.6 51.83 24.6 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.14 4.7 27.16 4.8 – – Level 8 .................................................. 28.40 13.4 28.94 15.3 – – Level 9 .................................................. 32.52 5.9 32.52 5.9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.72 8.8 25.72 8.8 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.37 11.9 26.40 12.6 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.82 6.8 33.82 6.8 – – Level 9 .................................................. 34.00 3.2 34.00 3.2 – – Level 10.................................................. 39.05 5.6 39.05 5.6 – – Level 11.................................................. 40.45 2.0 40.45 2.0 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 39.82 9.6 39.82 9.6 – – Level 9 .................................................. 32.69 2.9 32.69 2.9 – – Level 11.................................................. 41.27 1.6 41.27 1.6 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 44.21 11.2 44.21 11.2 – – Engineers......................................................... 47.18 7.4 47.18 7.4 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.02 4.4 25.11 4.6 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 19.79 10.1 19.22 11.9 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 23.03 9.2 23.42 10.4 – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 32.45 9.4 32.50 9.5 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 21.39 5.7 19.70 4.8 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 23.34 4.5 – – – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.49 10.2 23.82 13.2 21.92 11.7 Level 6 .................................................. 21.37 3.7 21.98 8.6 – – Level 7 .................................................. 17.77 6.2 – – – – Level 8 .................................................. 30.75 10.9 31.02 11.7 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.61 5.7 29.08 8.2 27.63 1.1 Registered nurses................................................. 26.26 5.8 26.26 8.0 26.25 4.9 Level 9 .................................................. 28.15 6.7 28.60 9.2 27.24 1.7 Therapists........................................................ 27.14 2.4 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.73 5.5 18.95 1.4 – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... $11.79 15.8 $12.60 13.8 $8.86 11.9 Level 3 .................................................. 10.28 7.2 10.80 3.2 8.50 11.9 Level 4 .................................................. 14.13 16.0 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.36 4.9 10.90 1.2 8.93 14.2 Level 3 .................................................. 10.02 6.6 10.64 .8 8.50 11.9 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.88 1.6 10.92 1.5 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.61 .8 10.65 .8 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 12.59 18.7 13.29 17.2 – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.64 2.6 9.06 3.7 6.59 4.3 Level 1 .................................................. 6.37 5.8 6.50 16.9 6.33 11.4 Level 2 .................................................. 7.60 7.8 8.94 10.2 5.56 7.3 Level 3 .................................................. 11.08 3.6 – – 10.32 3.0 Cooks............................................................. 9.02 5.2 – – 8.14 3.0 Level 3 .................................................. 10.12 11.2 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 9.50 11.8 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.55 12.7 7.54 23.3 5.20 11.9 Level 1 .................................................. 4.60 27.6 – – 4.72 34.9 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5 Level 1 .................................................. 2.38 11.0 – – – – Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.06 6.6 9.80 15.1 6.36 5.7 Level 1 .................................................. 6.94 .8 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.69 4.8 – – 6.38 5.5 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.68 16.5 13.10 17.8 – – Level 1 .................................................. 9.43 4.7 9.79 5.5 – – Level 2 .................................................. 8.74 2.2 8.84 2.4 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.26 3.3 10.31 3.6 – – Level 1 .................................................. 9.68 4.5 9.79 5.5 – – Level 2 .................................................. 8.84 2.4 8.84 2.4 – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.33 3.3 11.46 3.5 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.88 .6 8.87 .6 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.67 6.4 – – – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.04 15.8 – – 7.95 9.6 Level 2 .................................................. 7.68 1.9 – – 7.51 5.8 Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.64 11.2 20.09 12.6 8.93 8.2 Level 1 .................................................. 7.50 2.6 – – 7.51 3.5 Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 8.66 5.8 – – 8.36 5.1 Level 4 .................................................. 15.56 10.0 15.19 13.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.21 19.3 17.21 19.3 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.56 9.4 21.56 9.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... $24.73 33.3 $26.26 34.1 – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 27.8 21.91 27.8 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.95 2.6 14.03 4.1 $8.93 8.7 Level 1 .................................................. 7.40 1.9 – – 7.37 2.1 Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 9.36 8.4 – – 8.36 5.1 Level 4 .................................................. 16.32 18.5 15.82 24.3 – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2 Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – – Retail salespersons............................................. 13.66 1.0 14.68 7.4 10.75 25.8 Level 4 .................................................. 16.20 22.2 15.57 30.1 – – Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 26.3 82.15 26.3 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 15.7 19.99 15.7 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 15.8 20.02 15.8 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.86 2.8 15.42 2.8 11.64 7.0 Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 3.4 – – 9.61 5.9 Level 3 .................................................. 12.25 4.4 12.58 5.0 10.80 6.9 Level 4 .................................................. 15.24 5.6 15.36 5.7 13.51 6.4 Level 5 .................................................. 17.25 5.7 17.53 5.7 – – Level 6 .................................................. 19.06 2.4 18.96 2.5 – – Level 7 .................................................. 21.78 4.5 21.78 4.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 14.10 3.5 14.90 3.7 11.05 12.6 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.22 5.7 21.22 5.7 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 13.71 4.1 14.11 4.5 11.82 3.7 Level 3 .................................................. 11.83 5.3 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.43 3.1 13.52 2.8 – – Bill and account collectors..................................... – – 14.87 .7 – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.59 3.1 13.93 2.4 – – Tellers......................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 16.39 8.7 16.72 9.1 13.42 23.3 Level 3 .................................................. 12.54 5.0 12.54 5.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 18.08 9.9 18.23 9.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.10 14.0 13.80 16.7 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.13 13.9 13.77 15.0 – – Level 3 .................................................. 14.94 13.0 – – – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.52 10.7 – – 8.11 2.6 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.05 4.9 17.36 4.9 – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.50 3.8 13.50 3.8 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 17.32 7.2 18.18 5.8 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. $17.29 6.8 $17.53 8.5 – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.78 6.5 – – – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 7.5 15.92 7.5 – – Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 11.40 8.4 – – – – Office clerks, general............................................ 13.93 5.8 14.83 6.4 $11.27 10.5 Level 4 .................................................. 14.16 8.1 14.24 8.4 – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.41 7.6 16.41 7.6 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.65 8.0 14.65 8.0 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.13 6.5 21.13 6.5 – – Level 6 .................................................. 23.46 7.5 23.46 7.5 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.69 4.8 23.69 4.8 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.64 17.9 19.64 17.9 – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.47 21.6 19.47 21.6 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.53 17.5 19.53 17.5 – – Level 7 .................................................. 26.55 1.6 26.55 1.6 – – Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.18 2.8 25.18 2.8 – – Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 7.6 22.87 7.6 – – Production occupations.............................................. 15.73 5.4 15.87 5.5 10.67 16.2 Level 2 .................................................. 10.43 1.8 10.57 1.3 – – Level 3 .................................................. 13.67 7.9 13.52 8.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.81 7.9 17.81 7.9 – – Level 5 .................................................. 17.25 3.4 17.25 3.4 – – Level 6 .................................................. 28.33 .2 28.33 .2 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.26 11.6 23.26 11.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 18.70 8.2 18.73 8.3 – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 31.05 12.8 31.05 12.8 – – Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.75 8.2 12.24 7.0 – – Printers.......................................................... 16.39 16.4 16.39 16.4 – – Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 17.5 15.92 17.5 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.68 17.6 13.85 18.6 – – Level 2 .................................................. 12.38 9.1 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.84 4.1 14.95 3.8 9.88 5.4 Level 1 .................................................. 8.27 8.4 9.17 10.1 7.07 10.8 Level 2 .................................................. 12.37 8.7 12.95 8.1 10.00 13.3 Level 3 .................................................. 12.83 4.1 13.45 5.3 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.28 3.2 15.28 3.2 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.58 1.6 15.58 1.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.72 10.3 14.86 3.9 – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.97 4.5 14.58 2.1 – – Level 4 .................................................. 16.62 4.2 16.62 4.2 – – Level 5 .................................................. 14.90 4.5 14.90 4.5 – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ $14.60 2.7 $14.62 2.7 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.83 1.4 15.83 1.4 – – Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 7.6 12.78 7.6 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.00 3.9 14.35 3.1 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.19 7.2 12.20 8.3 $9.66 5.8 Level 1 .................................................. 8.68 4.8 8.88 8.0 8.15 7.5 Level 2 .................................................. 13.22 11.6 14.12 10.2 10.49 14.8 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.35 9.2 13.82 5.8 9.88 12.4 Level 1 .................................................. 10.67 10.7 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 13.80 13.8 14.45 11.3 – – Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.14 3.8 – – – – Level 1 .................................................. 7.88 5.4 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $23.28 6.7 $23.57 7.8 $19.35 24.3 Management occupations.............................................. 33.79 4.3 33.98 4.2 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 31.75 14.3 31.75 14.3 – – Level 7 .................................................. 21.02 4.9 21.02 4.9 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.06 10.1 24.06 10.1 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 21.46 9.1 24.91 6.4 – – Counselors........................................................ 27.12 10.6 – – – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 31.18 8.2 31.38 8.5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.43 1.4 28.43 1.4 – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.26 1.2 28.34 1.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.40 1.4 28.40 1.4 – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.14 2.5 29.28 2.4 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.42 3.0 29.42 3.0 – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.35 2.1 29.50 2.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.66 2.6 29.66 2.6 – – Librarians........................................................ 26.44 7.4 26.69 6.9 – – Teacher assistants................................................ 13.12 11.7 12.92 10.6 – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 27.40 8.0 26.61 5.5 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 20.11 8.2 20.16 8.1 – – Level 6 .................................................. 14.68 5.3 14.68 5.3 – – Level 7 .................................................. 21.61 1.0 21.61 1.0 – – Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Police officers................................................... 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – – Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.33 3.7 10.44 4.4 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.50 1.8 10.50 1.8 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.32 4.0 10.45 4.9 – – Level 1 .................................................. 10.53 1.9 10.53 1.9 – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 10.86 2.0 11.18 .5 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.70 2.5 15.05 2.7 10.47 15.6 Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 4.8 – – – – Level 3 .................................................. 12.19 11.1 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.72 3.7 13.76 4.0 – – Level 5 .................................................. 14.57 3.6 14.61 4.1 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 15.47 3.7 15.47 3.7 – – Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.62 1.7 16.74 1.8 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.21 7.6 15.21 7.6 – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... $14.87 5.5 $15.25 5.7 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.44 8.2 15.44 8.2 – – Office clerks, general............................................ 12.07 4.4 12.45 3.0 – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.90 4.5 18.01 3.8 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 22.54 10.2 22.54 10.2 – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.31 1.5 15.27 4.1 – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 5. Combined work levels(1) for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for full-time and part-time workers(3), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $19.22 3.4 $20.54 3.2 $10.68 7.3 Management occupations.............................................. 37.01 9.6 37.02 9.6 – – Group II.................................................. 21.77 4.9 – – – – Group III................................................. 31.07 9.5 – – – – Group IV.................................................. 55.64 4.1 – – – – Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 7.8 53.71 7.8 – – Financial managers................................................ 47.13 21.7 47.13 21.7 – – Education administrators.......................................... 36.14 3.7 36.14 3.7 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.73 5.0 27.76 5.1 – – Group II.................................................. 20.95 7.5 – – – – Group III................................................. 33.77 3.2 – – – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 25.99 9.8 26.00 10.3 – – Group II.................................................. 21.78 12.7 21.49 13.6 – – Group III................................................. 33.37 4.7 33.37 4.7 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.37 5.2 34.27 5.6 – – Group II.................................................. 29.73 3.7 – – – – Group III................................................. 37.10 2.4 – – – – Computer programmers.............................................. 35.61 4.4 35.61 4.4 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 37.90 6.3 38.31 7.7 – – Group III................................................. 36.84 2.7 36.84 2.7 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.82 22.7 30.82 22.7 – – Group II.................................................. 17.01 4.9 – – – – Group III................................................. 34.88 17.2 – – – – Engineers......................................................... 47.18 7.4 47.18 7.4 – – Group III................................................. 45.35 3.7 – – – – Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 17.75 9.4 17.75 9.4 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.11 5.7 26.10 3.5 – – Group II.................................................. 27.21 8.6 – – – – Group III................................................. 25.83 6.1 – – – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.53 6.4 21.46 8.4 – – Group II.................................................. 18.56 8.2 – – – – Counselors........................................................ 27.00 8.5 27.29 8.3 – – Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 29.05 9.6 29.05 9.6 – – Social workers.................................................... 18.56 8.0 – – – – Legal occupations................................................... 32.55 27.6 32.55 27.6 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.22 8.1 30.46 8.3 19.24 14.0 Group I................................................... 11.87 .9 – – – – Group II.................................................. 21.92 7.7 – – – – Group III................................................. $30.12 6.6 – – – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.15 8.9 $43.75 9.9 – – Group III................................................. 35.56 18.8 – – – – Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 52.49 5.1 – – – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.73 2.1 27.80 2.1 – – Group II.................................................. 22.14 16.3 – – – – Group III................................................. 28.39 1.4 – – – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.21 3.9 28.33 3.9 – – Group III................................................. 29.37 2.9 – – – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.33 4.0 28.46 4.0 – – Group III................................................. 29.60 2.5 29.60 2.5 – – Special education teachers...................................... 26.07 2.3 26.07 2.3 – – Librarians........................................................ 26.87 4.9 27.03 4.4 – – Teacher assistants................................................ 13.07 11.4 12.92 10.6 – – Group I................................................... 11.87 .9 11.87 .9 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.03 6.6 20.79 7.5 – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.30 8.3 24.47 10.2 $23.31 12.5 Group II.................................................. 22.06 16.0 – – – – Group III................................................. 30.29 4.8 – – – – Registered nurses................................................. 26.67 5.0 26.84 6.3 26.11 4.9 Group II.................................................. 23.88 4.4 23.65 5.8 24.52 6.7 Group III................................................. 28.21 5.7 28.48 7.0 27.24 1.7 Therapists........................................................ 30.34 7.3 30.00 7.9 – – Group III................................................. 33.47 7.6 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.65 5.2 18.80 1.5 – – Group II.................................................. 18.67 6.3 18.93 1.8 – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.79 15.8 12.60 13.8 8.86 11.9 Group I................................................... 11.15 12.2 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.36 4.9 10.90 1.2 8.93 14.2 Group I................................................... 10.33 5.3 – – – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.88 1.6 10.92 1.5 – – Group I................................................... 10.86 1.5 10.91 1.4 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 12.59 18.7 13.29 17.2 – – Group I................................................... 12.65 19.0 – – – – Protective service occupations...................................... 16.61 11.1 16.80 11.5 – – Group I................................................... 10.87 4.0 – – – – Group II.................................................. 18.21 8.0 – – – – Group III................................................. 31.25 23.9 – – – – Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Group II.................................................. 15.30 8.2 – – – – Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Group II.................................................. 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – – Police officers................................................... $22.36 6.7 $22.36 6.7 – – Group II.................................................. 20.57 1.3 – – – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – – Group II.................................................. 20.57 1.3 20.57 1.3 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 10.86 4.1 – – – – Group I................................................... 10.86 4.1 – – – – Security guards................................................. 10.86 4.1 – – – – Group I................................................... 10.86 4.1 – – – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.79 3.0 9.30 4.4 $6.61 4.2 Group I................................................... 7.54 3.3 – – – – Cooks............................................................. 9.02 5.2 – – 8.14 3.0 Group I................................................... 8.99 5.5 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 9.50 11.8 – – – – Group I................................................... 9.48 13.0 – – – – Food preparation workers.......................................... 9.56 8.4 – – – – Group I................................................... 9.56 8.4 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.55 12.7 7.54 23.3 5.20 11.9 Group I................................................... 6.55 12.7 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5 Group I................................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.08 6.7 9.80 15.1 6.39 5.1 Group I................................................... 7.08 6.7 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.71 4.3 – – 6.41 4.8 Group I................................................... 6.71 4.3 – – 6.41 4.8 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.96 13.0 12.31 14.3 8.93 4.7 Group I................................................... 9.84 2.7 – – – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.29 2.5 10.36 2.9 – – Group I................................................... 9.63 2.6 – – – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.12 2.0 11.34 2.0 – – Group I................................................... 10.37 3.4 10.61 3.2 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.86 .8 8.85 .8 – – Group I................................................... 8.86 .8 8.85 .8 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.63 5.7 – – – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.87 7.9 – – – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.20 14.4 – – 7.94 8.9 Group I................................................... 9.20 14.4 – – – – Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.64 11.2 20.09 12.6 8.93 8.2 Group I................................................... 11.20 8.1 – – – – Group II.................................................. 21.01 8.4 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 27.8 21.91 27.8 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.95 2.6 14.03 4.1 8.93 8.7 Group I................................................... $11.31 7.0 – – – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.19 1.8 $9.10 10.0 $7.80 2.5 Group I................................................... 8.13 1.3 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5 Group I................................................... 8.13 1.3 – – 7.80 2.5 Retail salespersons............................................. 13.66 1.0 14.68 7.4 10.75 25.8 Group I................................................... 13.05 11.6 14.11 26.7 10.85 26.9 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 26.3 82.15 26.3 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 15.7 19.99 15.7 – – Group II.................................................. 20.18 17.6 – – – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 15.8 20.02 15.8 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.83 2.3 15.35 2.4 11.51 6.5 Group I................................................... 13.61 4.1 – – – – Group II.................................................. 17.74 2.9 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.22 5.0 21.22 5.0 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 14.00 3.5 14.37 3.7 11.82 3.7 Group I................................................... 13.05 3.2 – – – – Group II.................................................. 16.23 5.8 – – – – Bill and account collectors..................................... 15.09 .8 15.07 1.0 – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.96 3.6 14.27 3.1 – – Group I................................................... 13.41 5.5 13.79 5.8 – – Tellers......................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – – Group I................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 16.31 8.4 16.66 8.8 13.31 20.8 Group I................................................... 15.91 11.6 16.02 11.7 – – Group II.................................................. 22.01 3.2 22.02 4.2 – – Library assistants, clerical...................................... 9.44 10.2 – – – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.13 13.9 13.77 15.0 – – Group I................................................... 13.73 13.3 13.77 15.0 – – Dispatchers....................................................... 16.36 10.1 16.40 10.3 – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.59 10.4 10.55 12.8 8.11 2.6 Group I................................................... 9.07 3.6 – – 8.11 2.6 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.87 2.9 17.08 2.8 14.09 7.8 Group I................................................... 13.52 5.1 – – – – Group II.................................................. 17.97 2.5 – – – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.28 3.1 17.37 3.5 – – Group II.................................................. 17.41 3.1 – – – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.65 4.4 13.86 4.8 – – Group I................................................... 13.64 8.5 13.93 9.3 – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 7.5 15.92 7.5 – – Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 11.40 8.4 – – – – Office clerks, general............................................ 13.43 4.8 14.17 5.4 11.15 9.3 Group I................................................... 12.73 5.6 13.23 5.3 10.32 7.4 Group II.................................................. $18.10 7.9 $19.30 5.9 – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.46 7.1 16.47 7.1 – – Group I................................................... 12.65 6.3 – – – – Group II.................................................. 18.73 5.3 – – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.39 5.7 21.39 5.7 – – Group II.................................................. 22.67 4.6 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................................ 26.83 4.4 26.83 4.4 – – Group II.................................................. 24.64 4.7 24.64 4.7 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.67 17.8 19.67 17.8 – – Group II.................................................. 20.78 16.2 – – – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.50 21.5 19.50 21.5 – – Group II.................................................. 20.85 20.3 20.85 20.3 – – Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.68 8.4 19.68 8.4 – – Group II.................................................. 19.68 8.4 19.68 8.4 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.57 16.4 19.57 16.4 – – Group II.................................................. 24.91 4.2 – – – – Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.03 2.2 25.03 2.2 – – Group II.................................................. 27.95 1.4 27.95 1.4 – – Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 7.6 22.87 7.6 – – Production occupations.............................................. 15.73 5.4 15.87 5.5 $10.67 16.2 Group I................................................... 12.03 5.8 – – – – Group II.................................................. 19.74 4.8 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 31.05 12.8 31.05 12.8 – – Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.75 8.2 12.24 7.0 – – Group I................................................... 11.39 4.8 – – – – Printers.......................................................... 16.39 16.4 16.39 16.4 – – Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 17.5 15.92 17.5 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.68 17.6 13.85 18.6 – – Group I................................................... 10.94 21.5 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.91 4.0 14.97 3.6 10.02 5.5 Group I................................................... 12.40 4.6 – – – – Group II.................................................. 17.46 9.7 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand..................................................... 17.88 7.7 – – – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.98 4.4 14.57 2.0 – – Group I................................................... 13.50 9.8 – – – – Group II.................................................. 14.30 2.9 – – – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.58 2.6 14.61 2.5 – – Group I................................................... 14.58 4.3 14.65 4.6 – – Group II.................................................. 14.56 3.9 14.56 3.9 – – Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. $12.78 7.6 $12.78 7.6 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.00 3.9 14.35 3.1 – – Group I................................................... 12.37 4.1 12.38 4.5 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.19 7.2 12.20 8.3 $9.66 5.8 Group I................................................... 11.53 8.9 – – – – Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.35 9.2 13.82 5.8 9.88 12.4 Group I................................................... 13.31 9.4 14.01 6.3 11.07 20.5 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.14 3.8 – – – – Group I................................................... 7.91 4.8 – – – – 1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I combines levels 1-4, group II combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines levels 13-15. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $8.25 $11.11 $16.00 $23.17 $33.00 Management occupations.............................................. 20.14 22.93 28.80 41.79 53.20 Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.10 50.31 50.31 54.41 76.92 Financial managers................................................ 20.08 28.80 41.79 51.81 88.46 Education administrators.......................................... 26.00 34.97 37.60 39.18 39.18 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.41 18.27 26.09 33.99 42.19 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.27 18.27 21.79 32.36 42.69 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.94 24.57 35.78 40.16 44.01 Computer programmers.............................................. 35.18 35.71 36.72 36.72 39.49 Computer systems analysts......................................... 27.75 31.87 35.78 42.10 58.27 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.34 16.34 24.16 43.41 53.08 Engineers......................................................... 32.28 39.75 46.61 53.27 69.04 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 16.34 16.34 16.34 16.34 22.24 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 21.50 22.83 23.78 29.47 30.83 Community and social services occupations........................... 12.00 15.77 18.72 25.63 30.50 Counselors........................................................ 17.93 20.80 28.96 30.50 31.80 Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 14.93 29.39 30.50 30.88 39.11 Social workers.................................................... 10.83 16.48 18.72 21.17 25.68 Legal occupations................................................... 16.89 20.38 27.50 38.23 63.99 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 15.36 23.18 27.55 32.66 54.42 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 22.52 29.55 50.95 54.42 61.62 Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 54.42 54.42 54.42 54.42 54.42 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 22.57 24.58 26.71 30.12 35.53 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 22.43 25.79 27.30 30.12 36.05 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 22.15 25.96 27.86 30.12 36.05 Special education teachers...................................... 23.61 25.97 26.53 27.77 27.77 Librarians........................................................ 21.29 25.09 27.55 27.55 33.17 Teacher assistants................................................ 9.56 10.39 11.75 14.46 20.17 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.23 19.23 19.25 26.42 28.02 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.31 16.64 23.11 29.69 36.43 Registered nurses................................................. 19.91 23.20 25.96 30.50 33.27 Therapists........................................................ 24.10 25.63 30.28 35.11 36.43 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.00 16.56 19.00 19.95 21.00 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.45 9.97 10.74 12.22 17.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.30 9.44 10.62 11.61 12.22 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.02 10.00 10.89 11.99 12.22 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.94 9.97 10.50 16.00 20.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.04 10.75 14.00 20.32 27.57 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80 Correctional officers and jailers............................... $11.67 $12.83 $14.48 $16.44 $20.80 Police officers................................................... 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 8.75 9.04 10.15 12.00 14.00 Security guards................................................. 8.75 9.04 10.15 12.00 14.00 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 6.25 7.75 9.90 11.11 Cooks............................................................. 5.25 7.80 9.74 11.00 11.00 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.00 8.08 9.50 10.00 12.00 Food preparation workers.......................................... 6.25 8.25 10.32 10.62 10.74 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.15 6.85 11.11 11.11 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.02 11.00 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.15 6.25 6.75 7.75 9.37 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 5.15 6.25 6.65 7.50 8.50 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.00 8.99 10.25 12.50 12.76 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.63 9.75 12.36 12.76 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.76 9.27 11.79 12.76 12.76 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.73 8.00 8.50 9.50 10.75 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 8.00 9.73 10.25 12.50 12.50 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 8.00 10.25 10.25 12.50 12.50 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.02 13.94 Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.45 8.28 12.16 17.50 26.39 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 12.01 25.45 29.43 34.46 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.00 7.70 9.17 13.50 20.64 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79 Cashiers...................................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.20 8.46 10.69 15.00 23.87 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 12.98 16.04 49.52 165.56 219.96 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.64 11.75 14.21 17.28 21.15 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 19.33 19.33 19.33 21.73 23.22 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.31 12.16 14.36 15.85 16.75 Bill and account collectors..................................... 13.46 14.18 14.89 16.06 16.68 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.69 12.02 14.83 15.85 16.75 Tellers......................................................... 9.64 9.64 11.50 12.37 12.37 Customer service representatives.................................. 11.43 12.43 14.42 22.00 25.54 Library assistants, clerical...................................... 7.34 7.79 7.90 12.38 14.45 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.00 12.83 14.50 18.00 Dispatchers....................................................... 12.56 12.75 16.00 16.40 23.56 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 8.45 9.27 9.63 12.76 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.55 13.78 16.35 19.70 22.51 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.55 14.21 16.83 19.36 22.61 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.22 12.31 13.33 14.75 17.44 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... $13.54 $14.05 $15.38 $16.47 $21.15 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 7.53 12.01 12.46 12.60 12.60 Office clerks, general............................................ 9.34 11.00 12.81 15.78 19.20 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.25 13.00 16.00 19.79 20.65 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 16.23 21.06 27.50 29.86 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................................ 17.88 24.51 27.74 31.62 33.00 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.06 14.96 18.99 23.50 27.60 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.00 12.86 18.99 23.80 29.22 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 16.26 16.75 19.50 21.05 27.00 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.......................................................... 10.00 11.00 19.85 25.34 32.56 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 16.23 17.43 21.27 32.56 32.56 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.99 20.68 25.34 25.34 25.34 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.30 14.77 19.00 23.96 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 14.70 26.70 26.70 32.97 65.00 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.00 9.80 10.78 12.82 14.75 Printers.......................................................... 10.00 14.03 15.25 19.94 19.94 Printing machine operators...................................... 10.00 14.03 14.03 19.94 19.94 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.40 13.26 22.81 22.81 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 8.50 11.07 13.50 15.98 18.01 First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand..................................................... 13.38 14.56 17.50 20.84 22.24 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 8.50 13.00 14.50 15.25 17.02 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.50 13.67 14.75 15.25 17.02 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 11.65 11.65 11.85 13.64 15.91 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.00 11.44 13.50 17.30 17.60 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.00 8.50 10.00 12.75 17.50 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.61 9.09 11.42 15.72 17.50 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 6.35 7.50 8.10 8.30 10.00 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $8.00 $10.50 $15.36 $22.14 $31.00 Management occupations.............................................. 19.95 22.93 28.64 41.79 53.44 Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.10 50.31 50.31 54.41 76.92 Financial managers................................................ 19.96 28.80 41.79 52.41 88.64 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.41 18.27 25.71 33.99 38.78 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.27 18.27 24.69 33.83 42.69 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.94 24.57 34.70 40.80 44.72 Computer systems analysts......................................... 27.55 30.80 38.69 44.42 58.27 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 29.81 37.23 45.00 52.89 56.46 Engineers......................................................... 32.28 39.75 46.61 53.27 69.04 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 21.50 22.34 22.83 29.26 30.40 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.77 15.96 16.60 23.18 28.50 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 14.41 15.92 21.02 29.77 32.16 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 26.25 30.77 30.77 31.62 41.03 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.23 19.23 19.23 25.00 28.02 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.18 16.16 23.11 28.53 34.00 Registered nurses................................................. 19.23 23.80 25.96 30.52 31.57 Therapists........................................................ 24.10 24.10 24.10 25.63 35.11 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.00 17.00 19.00 19.95 21.00 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.45 9.97 10.74 12.22 17.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.30 9.44 10.62 11.61 12.22 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.02 10.00 10.89 11.99 12.22 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.94 9.97 10.50 16.00 20.00 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 6.25 7.73 9.75 11.11 Cooks............................................................. 5.25 7.80 9.74 11.00 11.00 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.00 8.08 9.50 10.00 12.00 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.15 6.85 11.11 11.11 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.02 11.00 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.15 6.25 6.75 7.75 9.25 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 5.15 6.25 6.65 7.50 8.50 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.00 9.00 10.25 12.76 12.76 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.50 9.75 12.76 12.76 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.88 9.42 12.76 12.76 12.76 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.75 8.00 8.50 9.50 11.00 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 8.00 10.00 10.25 12.50 12.50 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.50 7.00 7.81 9.00 10.75 Sales and related occupations....................................... $7.45 $8.28 $12.16 $17.50 $26.39 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 12.01 25.45 29.43 34.46 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.00 7.70 9.17 13.50 20.64 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79 Cashiers...................................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.20 8.46 10.69 15.00 23.87 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 12.98 16.04 49.52 165.56 219.96 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.50 11.60 14.21 17.28 21.73 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 19.33 19.33 19.33 21.71 23.22 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.31 11.50 13.65 15.30 16.75 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.31 11.50 13.40 15.44 16.06 Tellers......................................................... 9.64 9.64 11.50 12.37 12.37 Customer service representatives.................................. 11.43 12.55 14.42 22.60 25.91 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.00 12.83 14.50 18.00 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 8.45 9.15 9.40 12.76 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.55 13.17 16.65 20.91 23.04 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.55 14.21 16.74 19.31 23.04 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.00 10.22 13.04 14.30 15.69 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.54 14.05 15.38 16.47 21.15 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 7.53 12.01 12.46 12.60 12.60 Office clerks, general............................................ 9.34 11.00 12.86 16.61 20.04 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.25 12.50 15.68 19.79 20.65 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 10.06 15.52 20.12 27.50 29.38 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.00 14.96 18.65 23.50 27.79 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.00 12.86 18.65 25.17 29.22 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.......................................................... 10.00 11.00 20.27 25.34 32.56 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 16.23 16.23 21.27 32.56 32.56 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.99 20.68 25.34 25.34 25.34 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.30 14.75 19.00 23.96 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 14.70 26.70 26.70 32.97 65.00 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.00 9.80 10.78 12.82 14.75 Printers.......................................................... 10.00 14.03 15.25 19.94 19.94 Printing machine operators...................................... 10.00 14.03 14.03 19.94 19.94 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.40 13.26 22.81 22.81 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 8.50 11.07 13.48 15.95 17.99 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 8.50 13.00 14.50 15.25 17.02 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.50 13.67 14.75 15.25 17.02 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 11.65 11.65 11.85 13.64 15.91 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.00 11.44 13.50 17.30 17.60 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ $8.00 $8.50 $10.00 $12.75 $17.50 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.61 9.09 11.42 15.72 17.50 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 6.35 7.50 8.10 8.30 10.00 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $11.29 $14.48 $21.34 $29.55 $38.20 Management occupations.............................................. 24.83 29.57 36.51 39.18 40.10 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 18.84 21.01 30.82 42.19 42.19 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.07 18.94 20.40 23.78 40.39 Community and social services occupations........................... 10.78 13.84 20.08 29.98 30.88 Counselors........................................................ 18.19 20.48 29.98 30.50 35.43 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 18.25 23.88 27.86 33.17 54.42 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 23.26 25.08 26.88 30.12 35.53 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 23.87 26.71 28.70 30.12 36.05 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 23.88 26.71 29.26 30.12 36.05 Librarians........................................................ 20.32 22.32 25.33 31.08 35.28 Teacher assistants................................................ 9.56 10.38 11.96 14.70 20.17 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 16.31 21.34 25.56 32.33 40.58 Protective service occupations...................................... 12.71 14.11 17.96 22.29 31.28 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80 Correctional officers and jailers............................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80 Police officers................................................... 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.20 8.91 9.85 12.11 12.72 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.13 8.84 9.75 12.18 12.72 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.63 9.18 11.01 12.36 12.72 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.36 12.19 14.28 16.98 19.43 Financial clerks.................................................. 12.53 14.42 15.85 16.84 17.60 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.63 14.18 16.28 18.87 20.96 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.02 13.35 14.61 15.30 19.41 Office clerks, general............................................ 9.04 10.09 11.83 14.16 16.38 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 14.85 17.32 18.69 19.22 19.71 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 16.07 21.06 21.06 25.82 29.98 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 12.02 13.72 14.83 17.21 18.91 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 9. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Full-time workers Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $9.68 $12.55 $17.12 $24.10 $34.00 Management occupations.............................................. 20.14 22.93 28.80 41.79 53.20 Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.10 50.31 50.31 54.41 76.92 Financial managers................................................ 20.08 28.80 41.79 51.81 88.46 Education administrators.......................................... 26.00 34.97 37.60 39.18 39.18 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.41 18.27 26.10 33.99 42.19 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.27 18.27 21.53 32.86 42.69 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.94 24.57 35.71 40.80 44.37 Computer programmers.............................................. 35.18 35.71 36.72 36.72 39.49 Computer systems analysts......................................... 25.67 30.40 37.21 42.95 58.27 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.34 16.34 24.16 43.41 53.08 Engineers......................................................... 32.28 39.75 46.61 53.27 69.04 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 16.34 16.34 16.34 16.34 22.24 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.34 22.83 23.78 29.60 30.83 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.77 16.48 18.78 25.68 30.50 Counselors........................................................ 17.93 21.34 28.96 30.50 32.42 Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 14.93 29.39 30.50 30.88 39.11 Legal occupations................................................... 16.89 20.38 27.50 38.23 63.99 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 15.36 23.26 27.55 32.66 54.42 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 22.52 29.55 50.95 54.42 61.62 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 22.63 24.60 26.71 30.12 35.53 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 22.63 25.79 27.32 30.12 36.05 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 22.43 26.11 27.93 30.12 36.05 Special education teachers...................................... 23.61 25.97 26.53 27.77 27.77 Librarians........................................................ 21.29 25.30 27.55 27.55 33.17 Teacher assistants................................................ 9.47 10.34 11.67 13.51 22.08 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.23 19.23 19.23 21.93 26.42 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.94 16.69 23.11 30.28 38.75 Registered nurses................................................. 20.00 23.21 25.75 30.78 34.00 Therapists........................................................ 24.10 25.63 29.45 34.28 36.36 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.46 17.90 19.00 20.00 21.00 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 9.36 9.99 11.00 12.71 20.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.25 10.18 10.89 11.85 12.22 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.27 10.18 10.89 12.00 12.22 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 9.97 9.97 11.17 16.00 20.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.50 10.88 14.09 20.34 27.64 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... $11.67 $12.83 $14.48 $16.44 $20.80 Correctional officers and jailers............................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80 Police officers................................................... 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 8.00 9.75 11.11 12.00 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 9.90 11.11 11.11 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 6.00 7.95 9.25 12.00 14.19 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.13 9.18 10.40 12.72 12.76 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.75 9.94 12.72 12.76 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 9.00 9.64 12.36 12.76 12.76 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.73 8.00 8.50 9.50 10.75 Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.73 9.55 14.96 21.36 29.43 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 12.01 25.45 29.43 34.46 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.95 8.78 12.11 15.94 23.87 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 7.95 8.20 8.40 9.15 10.80 Cashiers...................................................... 7.95 8.20 8.40 9.15 10.80 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.55 9.39 12.45 15.00 26.39 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 12.98 16.04 49.52 165.56 219.96 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.34 12.55 14.46 17.50 21.69 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 19.33 19.33 19.33 21.73 23.22 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.69 12.37 14.46 15.85 17.14 Bill and account collectors..................................... 13.46 14.14 14.81 16.11 16.75 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.69 12.50 14.83 16.06 16.75 Customer service representatives.................................. 11.43 12.85 14.42 22.69 25.91 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.25 12.83 18.00 18.00 Dispatchers....................................................... 12.56 12.75 16.00 16.77 23.73 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.15 9.40 9.40 11.30 13.20 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.55 14.02 16.64 20.33 22.51 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.55 14.21 17.21 19.83 23.04 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.22 12.31 14.28 14.75 17.61 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.54 14.05 15.38 16.47 21.15 Office clerks, general............................................ 10.50 11.75 12.86 16.38 20.04 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.25 13.00 16.00 19.79 20.65 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 16.23 21.06 27.50 29.86 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................................ 17.88 24.51 27.74 31.62 33.00 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.06 14.96 18.99 23.50 27.60 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.00 12.86 18.99 23.80 29.22 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. $16.26 $16.75 $19.50 $21.05 $27.00 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.......................................................... 10.00 11.00 19.85 25.34 32.56 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 16.23 17.43 21.27 32.56 32.56 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.99 20.68 25.34 25.34 25.34 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.39 14.97 19.67 23.96 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 14.70 26.70 26.70 32.97 65.00 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.50 10.35 10.99 13.02 14.77 Printers.......................................................... 10.00 14.03 15.25 19.94 19.94 Printing machine operators...................................... 10.00 14.03 14.03 19.94 19.94 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.25 13.26 22.81 22.81 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.65 11.99 14.50 17.02 19.54 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.50 13.50 14.58 15.50 17.02 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.50 13.67 14.75 15.25 17.02 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 11.65 11.65 11.85 13.64 15.91 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 9.90 11.50 14.30 17.44 17.60 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.10 8.50 11.42 15.84 17.95 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.02 11.42 12.73 17.18 19.54 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 10. Part-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Part-time workers Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $6.00 $7.00 $8.61 $11.95 $18.00 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 10.22 11.75 20.00 25.11 25.11 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 11.34 16.00 22.25 28.53 35.00 Registered nurses................................................. 19.43 23.00 26.64 28.64 31.00 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 6.34 6.75 7.55 10.56 12.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 6.75 7.00 9.00 10.75 12.00 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 5.75 6.50 8.00 9.50 Cooks............................................................. 5.25 5.40 8.00 9.90 11.50 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.15 3.02 8.00 11.00 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.15 2.50 3.02 12.00 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.15 6.25 6.50 7.00 7.90 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 5.15 6.25 6.50 7.15 7.90 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.00 8.00 8.63 9.42 9.62 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.50 6.75 7.59 9.00 10.75 Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.39 7.00 7.80 9.05 10.74 Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.39 7.00 7.70 9.00 10.92 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.50 7.00 7.70 8.24 9.12 Cashiers...................................................... 6.50 7.00 7.70 8.24 9.12 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.05 7.45 8.55 10.10 21.69 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 8.00 8.76 10.56 14.00 16.74 Financial clerks.................................................. 7.50 10.56 11.50 13.65 16.02 Customer service representatives.................................. 9.00 9.00 11.61 22.00 22.00 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.09 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.80 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 10.57 13.17 14.81 16.74 16.74 Office clerks, general............................................ 8.50 9.34 10.00 13.06 17.50 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 8.11 10.00 10.00 16.01 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.00 8.25 9.75 12.00 12.75 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 6.60 8.50 9.00 10.00 12.75 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.61 8.61 9.00 9.09 16.00 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 11. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $20.54 $17.12 $821 $690 40.0 $42,033 $35,601 2,046 Management occupations.............................................. 37.02 28.80 1,550 1,289 41.9 80,580 67,018 2,177 Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 50.31 2,470 2,592 46.0 128,456 134,778 2,392 Financial managers................................................ 47.13 41.79 1,878 1,672 39.9 97,678 86,919 2,072 Education administrators.......................................... 36.14 37.60 1,458 1,567 40.4 75,825 81,486 2,098 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.76 26.10 1,104 1,024 39.8 57,414 53,269 2,068 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.00 21.53 1,039 861 40.0 54,051 44,791 2,079 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.27 35.71 1,359 1,387 39.6 70,658 72,120 2,062 Computer programmers.............................................. 35.61 36.72 1,367 1,469 38.4 71,077 76,382 1,996 Computer systems analysts......................................... 38.31 37.21 1,518 1,489 39.6 78,932 77,434 2,061 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.82 24.16 1,223 966 39.7 63,606 50,257 2,064 Engineers......................................................... 47.18 46.61 1,851 1,800 39.2 96,250 93,600 2,040 Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 17.75 16.34 709 654 40.0 36,872 33,983 2,077 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 26.10 23.78 1,056 951 40.5 54,899 49,469 2,103 Community and social services occupations........................... 21.46 18.78 849 751 39.6 42,689 39,062 1,990 Counselors........................................................ 27.29 28.96 1,064 1,122 39.0 50,694 51,233 1,857 Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 29.05 30.50 1,123 1,220 38.6 50,016 51,233 1,722 Legal occupations................................................... 32.55 27.50 1,230 1,031 37.8 63,936 53,621 1,964 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.46 27.55 1,217 1,054 40.0 50,907 43,329 1,672 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.75 50.95 2,066 2,547 47.2 88,559 91,703 2,024 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.80 26.71 1,070 1,054 38.5 44,487 43,329 1,600 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.33 27.32 1,071 1,054 37.8 44,107 42,875 1,557 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.46 27.93 1,073 1,054 37.7 44,179 42,208 1,552 Special education teachers...................................... 26.07 26.53 1,033 1,061 39.6 45,782 46,660 1,756 Librarians........................................................ 27.03 27.55 1,044 1,067 38.6 50,546 54,538 1,870 Teacher assistants................................................ 12.92 11.67 429 368 33.2 16,857 14,525 1,305 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 20.79 19.23 801 769 38.5 40,131 40,000 1,930 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.47 23.11 972 980 39.7 50,256 50,875 2,054 Registered nurses................................................. 26.84 25.75 1,054 1,016 39.3 54,786 52,847 2,041 Therapists........................................................ 30.00 29.45 1,190 1,178 39.7 56,999 53,312 1,900 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.80 19.00 742 760 39.5 38,600 39,520 2,053 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.60 11.00 470 440 37.3 24,422 22,880 1,938 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.90 10.89 422 424 38.7 21,955 22,048 2,014 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.92 10.89 422 425 38.7 21,955 22,090 2,010 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... $13.29 $11.17 $473 $448 35.6 $24,593 $23,296 1,850 Protective service occupations...................................... 16.80 14.09 686 565 40.8 34,876 29,253 2,075 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080 Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080 Police officers................................................... 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.30 9.75 380 376 40.8 19,386 19,562 2,084 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.54 9.90 307 322 40.7 15,951 16,726 2,116 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 9.80 9.25 374 350 38.2 19,443 18,200 1,984 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.31 10.40 476 398 38.7 24,749 20,675 2,010 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.36 9.94 400 385 38.7 20,822 20,010 2,010 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.34 12.36 454 494 40.0 23,592 25,711 2,080 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.85 8.50 322 318 36.4 16,765 16,561 1,894 Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.09 14.96 807 599 40.2 41,964 31,125 2,089 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 25.45 912 1,145 41.6 47,405 59,546 2,164 Retail sales workers.............................................. 14.03 12.11 558 427 39.8 29,024 22,225 2,069 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.10 8.40 352 336 38.7 18,311 17,472 2,012 Cashiers...................................................... 9.10 8.40 352 336 38.7 18,311 17,472 2,012 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.68 12.45 587 448 40.0 30,514 23,317 2,079 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 49.52 3,286 1,981 40.0 170,869 103,000 2,080 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 17.50 802 700 40.1 41,697 36,400 2,086 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 17.50 803 700 40.1 41,758 36,400 2,086 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.35 14.46 605 577 39.4 31,329 29,952 2,041 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.22 19.33 849 773 40.0 44,137 40,200 2,080 Financial clerks.................................................. 14.37 14.46 571 578 39.8 29,713 30,077 2,067 Bill and account collectors..................................... 15.07 14.81 602 589 39.9 31,283 30,618 2,076 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.27 14.83 568 593 39.8 29,537 30,851 2,069 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.66 14.42 665 577 39.9 34,602 30,000 2,077 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.77 12.83 494 513 35.8 25,562 26,686 1,856 Dispatchers....................................................... 16.40 16.00 671 640 40.9 34,880 33,280 2,127 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.55 9.40 441 423 41.8 22,929 22,001 2,174 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.08 16.64 672 666 39.4 34,841 34,316 2,040 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.37 17.21 694 687 39.9 36,088 35,724 2,077 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.86 14.28 546 548 39.4 28,020 28,484 2,021 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 15.38 612 615 38.4 31,802 31,990 1,998 Office clerks, general............................................ 14.17 12.86 553 514 39.0 28,066 26,651 1,981 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.47 16.00 658 640 40.0 33,955 32,610 2,062 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... $21.39 $21.06 $861 $842 40.3 $44,773 $43,803 2,093 First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers........................................................ 26.83 27.74 1,093 1,128 40.7 56,820 58,679 2,117 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.67 18.99 818 767 41.6 42,521 39,897 2,162 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.50 18.99 817 767 41.9 42,497 39,897 2,179 Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.68 19.50 791 780 40.2 41,117 40,560 2,090 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.......................................................... 19.57 19.85 774 794 39.5 40,235 41,284 2,056 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.03 21.27 976 851 39.0 50,729 44,233 2,026 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 25.34 913 1,014 39.9 47,462 52,707 2,075 Production occupations.............................................. 15.87 14.97 631 600 39.8 32,826 31,200 2,068 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 31.05 26.70 1,232 1,068 39.7 64,069 55,536 2,063 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.24 10.99 489 440 40.0 25,449 22,859 2,080 Printers.......................................................... 16.39 15.25 656 610 40.0 34,087 31,720 2,080 Printing machine operators...................................... $15.92 $14.03 $637 $561 40.0 $33,109 $29,191 2,080 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.85 13.26 551 530 39.8 28,635 27,581 2,068 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.97 14.50 620 590 41.4 31,959 30,281 2,135 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.57 14.58 644 610 44.2 33,474 31,720 2,297 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.61 14.75 661 610 45.3 34,369 31,720 2,353 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 11.85 511 474 40.0 26,573 24,648 2,080 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.35 14.30 575 572 40.1 29,919 29,744 2,085 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.20 11.42 487 428 39.9 25,309 22,277 2,074 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.82 12.73 550 509 39.8 28,602 26,478 2,070 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 12. Full-time(1) private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $19.90 $16.50 $795 $667 40.0 $41,251 $34,528 2,073 Management occupations.............................................. 37.17 28.64 1,559 1,279 41.9 81,073 66,530 2,181 Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 50.31 2,470 2,592 46.0 128,456 134,778 2,392 Financial managers................................................ 48.05 41.79 1,915 1,672 39.8 99,566 86,919 2,072 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.16 25.91 1,080 1,024 39.8 56,155 53,269 2,068 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.40 21.79 1,056 872 40.0 54,914 45,319 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.82 34.70 1,338 1,289 39.6 69,575 67,051 2,057 Computer systems analysts......................................... 39.82 38.69 1,572 1,555 39.5 81,768 80,875 2,053 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 44.21 45.00 1,739 1,742 39.3 90,425 90,601 2,045 Engineers......................................................... 47.18 46.61 1,851 1,800 39.2 96,250 93,600 2,040 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.11 22.83 1,025 913 40.8 53,310 47,486 2,123 Community and social services occupations........................... 19.22 16.60 764 664 39.8 39,749 34,528 2,068 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 23.42 21.02 909 822 38.8 39,802 31,535 1,699 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 32.50 30.77 1,244 1,192 38.3 58,669 62,000 1,805 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.70 19.23 753 769 38.2 39,151 40,000 1,988 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.82 23.11 944 980 39.6 49,093 50,972 2,061 Registered nurses................................................. 26.26 25.96 1,023 1,016 39.0 53,189 52,847 2,026 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.95 19.18 747 762 39.4 38,832 39,624 2,050 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.60 11.00 470 440 37.3 24,422 22,880 1,938 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.90 10.89 422 424 38.7 21,955 22,048 2,014 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.92 10.89 422 425 38.7 21,955 22,090 2,010 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 13.29 11.17 473 448 35.6 24,593 23,296 1,850 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.06 9.75 373 376 41.2 19,391 19,562 2,141 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.54 9.90 307 322 40.7 15,951 16,726 2,116 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 9.80 9.25 374 350 38.2 19,443 18,200 1,984 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.10 10.40 499 390 38.1 25,966 20,280 1,983 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.31 9.80 391 378 38.0 20,341 19,674 1,974 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.46 12.76 458 510 40.0 23,835 26,541 2,080 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.87 8.50 311 298 35.0 16,152 15,470 1,821 Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.09 14.96 807 599 40.2 41,964 31,125 2,089 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 25.45 912 1,145 41.6 47,405 59,546 2,164 Retail sales workers.............................................. 14.03 12.11 558 427 39.8 29,024 22,225 2,069 Cashiers, all workers........................................... $9.10 $8.40 $352 $336 38.7 $18,311 $17,472 2,012 Cashiers...................................................... 9.10 8.40 352 336 38.7 18,311 17,472 2,012 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.68 12.45 587 448 40.0 30,514 23,317 2,079 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 49.52 3,286 1,981 40.0 170,869 103,000 2,080 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 17.50 802 700 40.1 41,697 36,400 2,086 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 17.50 803 700 40.1 41,758 36,400 2,086 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.42 14.45 609 577 39.5 31,635 30,000 2,052 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.22 19.33 849 773 40.0 44,135 40,200 2,080 Financial clerks.................................................. 14.11 14.20 560 568 39.7 29,124 29,536 2,064 Bill and account collectors..................................... 14.87 14.63 593 583 39.9 30,842 30,306 2,074 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.93 14.83 553 593 39.7 28,772 30,851 2,066 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.72 14.42 668 577 39.9 34,710 30,000 2,077 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.77 12.83 494 513 35.8 25,562 26,686 1,856 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.36 17.61 679 694 39.1 35,320 36,079 2,035 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.53 16.92 699 677 39.9 36,337 35,200 2,073 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 15.38 612 615 38.4 31,802 31,990 1,998 Office clerks, general............................................ 14.83 13.57 590 543 39.8 30,662 28,217 2,068 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.41 15.68 657 627 40.0 33,847 32,610 2,062 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.13 20.12 852 811 40.3 44,311 42,162 2,097 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.64 18.65 817 767 41.6 42,476 39,897 2,163 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.47 18.65 816 767 41.9 42,442 39,897 2,180 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.......................................................... 19.53 20.27 772 811 39.5 40,139 42,162 2,056 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.18 21.27 981 1,132 38.9 51,003 58,843 2,025 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 25.34 913 1,014 39.9 47,462 52,707 2,075 Production occupations.............................................. 15.87 14.94 631 599 39.8 32,819 31,138 2,068 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 31.05 26.70 1,232 1,068 39.7 64,069 55,536 2,063 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.24 10.99 489 440 40.0 25,449 22,859 2,080 Printers.......................................................... 16.39 15.25 656 610 40.0 34,087 31,720 2,080 Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 14.03 637 561 40.0 33,109 29,191 2,080 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.85 13.26 551 530 39.8 28,635 27,581 2,068 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.95 14.50 623 594 41.6 32,382 30,888 2,166 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.58 14.58 647 610 44.3 33,618 31,720 2,305 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.62 14.75 665 610 45.5 34,568 31,720 2,364 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 11.85 511 474 40.0 26,573 24,648 2,080 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.35 14.30 575 572 40.1 29,919 29,744 2,085 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.20 11.42 487 428 39.9 25,309 22,277 2,074 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... $13.82 $12.73 $550 $509 39.8 $28,602 $26,478 2,070 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 13. Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $23.57 $21.34 $941 $854 39.9 $45,463 $42,161 1,929 Management occupations.............................................. 33.98 36.51 1,363 1,460 40.1 70,860 75,943 2,086 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 31.75 30.82 1,266 1,233 39.9 65,844 64,106 2,074 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.06 20.40 959 816 39.9 49,863 42,436 2,073 Community and social services occupations........................... 24.91 22.32 978 893 39.3 46,822 47,353 1,880 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 31.38 28.53 1,259 1,061 40.1 52,340 43,628 1,668 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.34 26.96 1,090 1,054 38.5 45,367 43,452 1,601 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.28 28.70 1,106 1,069 37.8 45,579 43,329 1,556 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.50 29.26 1,111 1,069 37.7 45,762 44,411 1,551 Librarians........................................................ 26.69 25.69 1,028 1,013 38.5 47,614 47,518 1,784 Teacher assistants................................................ 12.92 11.67 429 368 33.2 16,857 14,525 1,305 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 26.61 25.03 1,062 1,009 39.9 53,995 50,875 2,029 Protective service occupations...................................... 20.16 18.02 850 731 42.1 43,281 38,000 2,146 Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080 Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080 Police officers................................................... 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.44 10.26 418 410 40.0 21,712 21,341 2,080 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.45 10.43 418 417 40.0 21,734 21,694 2,080 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.18 11.26 447 450 40.0 23,252 23,421 2,080 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.05 14.61 592 571 39.3 30,126 29,709 2,001 Financial clerks.................................................. 15.47 15.85 619 634 40.0 32,176 32,968 2,080 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.74 16.42 664 653 39.6 34,245 33,627 2,046 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.25 14.61 590 554 38.7 29,802 28,792 1,955 Office clerks, general............................................ 12.45 11.85 464 453 37.3 22,213 23,190 1,784 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 18.01 18.91 713 748 39.6 37,084 38,873 2,059 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 22.54 21.06 901 842 40.0 46,842 43,803 2,078 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.27 14.81 570 572 37.3 25,886 28,417 1,695 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings(1) of private industry establishments for major occupational groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 1-99 100-499 500 Occupational group(2) Total workers workers workers or more All workers.................................. $18.43 $16.74 $19.24 $22.19 Management, professional, and related...... 30.33 25.32 34.80 35.05 Management, business, and financial...... 33.28 26.50 42.52 39.31 Professional and related................. 28.25 24.33 30.25 32.45 Service.................................... 9.60 9.06 9.69 11.91 Sales and office........................... 15.92 16.45 15.92 14.53 Sales and related........................ 17.64 18.38 17.42 13.56 Office and administrative support........ 14.86 14.70 15.18 14.76 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance............................... 18.17 17.68 18.00 27.24 Construction and extraction............. 16.41 16.90 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 21.13 19.21 22.97 27.24 Production, transportation, and material moving.................................... 14.83 14.07 14.55 17.28 Production............................... 15.73 15.48 14.50 17.70 Transportation and material moving....... 13.84 12.85 14.59 16.28 B 1-99 100-499 500 Total workers workers workers or more Occupational group(2) Relative error(3) (percent) Relative error(3) (percent) All workers........................................................... 3.9 4.9 12.3 6.1 Management, professional, and related............................... 4.0 5.6 14.2 5.7 Management, business, and financial............................... 6.8 7.2 18.9 9.7 Professional and related.......................................... 4.2 9.5 7.8 4.5 Service............................................................. 7.2 9.8 6.8 6.4 Sales and office.................................................... 5.8 9.3 13.4 5.1 Sales and related................................................. 11.2 15.4 33.2 12.5 Office and administrative support................................. 2.8 5.5 6.3 3.5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 3.0 4.9 5.2 5.2 Construction and extraction...................................... 7.6 9.4 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 6.5 10.7 6.4 5.2 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 3.8 5.9 10.7 2.6 Production........................................................ 5.4 6.3 14.3 3.3 Transportation and material moving................................ 4.1 5.7 12.0 4.3 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $18.25 $16.16 $734 $670 40.2 $38,057 $34,705 2,085 Management occupations.............................................. 27.76 24.53 1,202 1,054 43.3 62,518 54,824 2,252 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 22.44 18.27 891 731 39.7 46,342 38,000 2,065 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 35.59 35.71 1,377 1,250 38.7 71,602 64,999 2,012 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.54 23.11 942 975 40.0 48,972 50,710 2,080 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.10 11.25 511 450 36.2 26,546 23,400 1,882 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.81 9.75 368 376 41.8 19,125 19,562 2,172 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 16.47 11.48 607 380 36.9 31,558 19,760 1,916 Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.56 15.53 821 600 39.9 42,692 31,200 2,076 Retail sales workers.............................................. 16.75 14.62 661 600 39.5 34,395 31,200 2,054 Retail salespersons............................................. 18.88 14.51 752 600 39.8 39,101 31,200 2,071 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.11 14.00 592 543 39.2 30,783 28,217 2,037 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 15.86 14.21 621 568 39.1 32,268 29,546 2,035 Office clerks, general............................................ 14.01 12.81 554 513 39.5 28,794 26,651 2,056 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.90 17.30 676 692 40.0 34,728 35,360 2,055 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 19.21 19.25 779 770 40.5 40,491 40,040 2,107 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 18.32 17.50 760 700 41.5 39,529 36,400 2,158 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 17.75 17.05 744 692 41.9 38,680 35,984 2,179 Production occupations.............................................. 15.80 15.50 628 620 39.8 32,659 32,240 2,067 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.64 13.67 587 541 43.0 30,533 28,117 2,238 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.80 13.75 641 600 46.5 33,352 31,200 2,416 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 13.80 14.00 679 620 49.2 35,308 32,240 2,558 Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 11.85 511 474 40.0 26,573 24,648 2,080 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.36 14.47 577 568 40.2 29,984 29,536 2,088 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.63 11.42 502 428 39.7 26,107 22,277 2,066 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $21.70 $16.75 $861 $664 39.7 $44,706 $34,507 2,061 Management occupations.............................................. 54.72 41.79 2,167 1,672 39.6 112,699 86,919 2,060 Financial managers................................................ 53.15 41.79 2,116 1,672 39.8 110,023 86,919 2,070 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.40 30.67 1,170 1,227 39.8 60,820 63,794 2,069 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 32.68 33.83 1,307 1,353 40.0 67,968 70,356 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.38 33.14 1,328 1,326 39.8 69,050 68,940 2,069 Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.36 40.87 1,626 1,637 39.3 84,532 85,105 2,044 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 45.04 46.61 1,767 1,800 39.2 91,900 93,577 2,040 Engineers......................................................... 48.65 46.90 1,902 1,864 39.1 98,929 96,949 2,034 Legal occupations................................................... 47.07 51.90 1,797 1,923 38.2 93,444 100,000 1,985 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.77 27.55 1,079 1,080 38.8 51,741 55,503 1,863 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.27 24.93 948 980 39.1 49,287 50,972 2,031 Registered nurses................................................. 26.36 26.00 1,025 1,016 38.9 53,294 52,847 2,022 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.81 10.89 418 430 38.6 21,718 22,343 2,009 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.93 10.89 420 430 38.4 21,825 22,343 1,997 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.97 10.89 419 430 38.3 21,814 22,343 1,989 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 10.44 10.32 399 413 38.2 20,746 21,455 1,987 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.62 10.14 415 390 39.1 21,604 20,280 2,034 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.61 10.14 415 390 39.1 21,571 20,280 2,034 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.46 12.76 458 510 40.0 23,835 26,541 2,080 Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.12 12.81 778 510 40.7 40,437 26,499 2,115 Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.18 10.69 448 427 40.1 23,306 22,225 2,085 Retail salespersons............................................. 11.34 10.69 455 427 40.1 23,652 22,225 2,085 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.64 14.98 621 598 39.7 32,270 31,031 2,063 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 20.80 21.71 832 868 40.0 43,258 45,159 2,080 Financial clerks.................................................. 14.44 14.46 573 578 39.7 29,806 30,077 2,065 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.95 14.83 554 593 39.7 28,820 30,851 2,066 Customer service representatives.................................. 16.67 14.68 665 587 39.9 34,566 30,534 2,073 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.01 18.63 744 745 39.1 38,674 38,750 2,035 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.44 18.94 773 758 39.8 40,192 39,397 2,068 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 15.38 612 615 38.4 31,802 31,990 1,998 Office clerks, general............................................ 15.69 15.81 628 632 40.0 32,643 32,887 2,080 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... $24.19 $24.64 $967 $1,014 40.0 $50,307 $52,707 2,080 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers.......................................................... 24.23 22.85 952 914 39.3 49,489 47,528 2,043 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.18 21.27 981 1,132 38.9 51,003 58,843 2,025 Production occupations.............................................. 15.92 12.73 633 509 39.8 32,933 26,478 2,069 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 41.32 35.80 1,623 1,342 39.3 84,386 69,800 2,042 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.24 10.99 489 440 40.0 25,449 22,859 2,080 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.50 16.50 575 637 39.7 29,924 33,131 2,063 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 16.59 15.25 664 610 40.0 34,538 31,720 2,082 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.89 11.48 475 459 40.0 24,723 23,878 2,080 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 14.12 14.11 565 564 40.0 29,374 29,349 2,080 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 17. Union(1) and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Union Nonunion Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers All workers........................................................... $20.07 $20.07 – $19.18 $18.33 $23.28 Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 30.14 30.51 29.30 Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 33.21 33.28 32.45 Professional and related.......................................... – – – 28.70 28.47 29.02 Service............................................................. – – – 10.70 9.52 16.47 Sales and office.................................................... 19.39 19.39 – 15.71 15.86 14.70 Sales and related................................................. – – – 17.64 17.64 – Office and administrative support................................. 19.39 19.39 – 14.73 14.74 14.70 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 27.63 27.63 – 17.74 17.30 21.56 Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 16.05 15.98 17.90 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 28.13 28.13 – 20.41 19.85 22.54 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 18.48 18.48 – 14.13 14.10 15.40 Production........................................................ 18.47 18.47 – 14.67 14.66 – Transportation and material moving................................ 18.55 18.55 – 13.71 13.63 15.31 Union Nonunion Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... 3.9 3.9 – 3.6 4.2 6.7 Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 3.2 4.1 5.0 Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 6.3 6.8 9.8 Professional and related.......................................... – – – 3.6 4.4 6.1 Service............................................................. – – – 7.2 7.4 7.5 Sales and office.................................................... 8.7 8.7 – 5.2 5.9 2.5 Sales and related................................................. – – – 11.2 11.2 – Office and administrative support................................. 8.7 8.7 – 2.3 2.8 2.5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 4.7 4.7 – 3.1 3.3 8.9 Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 5.9 6.4 4.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 6.2 6.2 – 6.4 7.3 10.2 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.3 4.3 – 4.2 4.3 .9 Production........................................................ 4.9 4.9 – 8.7 8.7 – Transportation and material moving................................ 5.2 5.2 – 3.9 4.1 1.5 1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 18. Time and incentive workers(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Time Incentive Occupational group(3) Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers All workers........................................................... $18.72 $17.75 $25.10 $25.10 Management, professional, and related............................... 29.88 30.15 32.29 32.29 Management, business, and financial............................... 32.86 32.90 38.45 38.45 Professional and related.......................................... 28.53 28.16 – – Service............................................................. 10.68 9.52 – – Sales and office.................................................... 14.18 14.10 27.56 27.56 Sales and related................................................. 12.60 12.60 32.57 32.57 Office and administrative support................................. 14.80 14.83 15.37 15.37 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.17 17.75 – – Construction and extraction...................................... – 15.70 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 21.39 21.09 – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 14.89 14.88 14.12 14.12 Production........................................................ 15.71 15.71 – – Transportation and material moving................................ 13.96 13.89 – – Time Incentive Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... 3.2 3.6 14.5 14.5 Management, professional, and related............................... 3.4 4.5 8.2 8.2 Management, business, and financial............................... 7.0 7.6 15.0 15.0 Professional and related.......................................... 3.6 4.4 – – Service............................................................. 7.0 7.1 – – Sales and office.................................................... 3.2 3.7 25.5 25.5 Sales and related................................................. 8.9 8.9 24.7 24.7 Office and administrative support................................. 2.1 2.5 17.6 17.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 3.2 3.3 – – Construction and extraction...................................... – 6.1 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 5.0 5.6 – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 3.9 4.0 4.8 4.8 Production........................................................ 5.6 5.6 – – Transportation and material moving................................ 4.2 4.4 – – 1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 19. Industry sector(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for private industry workers by major occupational group, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Goods producing Service providing Occupational group(3) Trade, Profes- Education Leisure Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services and es business services ity utilities services All workers........................................................... - $19.70 $15.36 - - - $18.77 $9.61 $14.69 Management, professional, and related............................... - 35.12 25.49 - - - 24.67 – 22.91 Management, business, and financial............................... - 30.72 25.28 - - - 33.11 – – Professional and related.......................................... - 36.76 26.34 - - - 23.17 – – Service............................................................. - – 10.96 - - - 10.85 7.95 9.79 Sales and office.................................................... - 21.64 13.61 - - - 13.82 – 12.94 Sales and related................................................. - – 13.96 - - - – 13.78 – Office and administrative support................................. - 16.87 12.82 - - - 13.89 – 12.94 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... - 23.91 21.85 - - - – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. - 23.91 21.80 - - - – – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... - 15.97 13.64 - - - – – – Production........................................................ - 16.60 – - - - – – – Transportation and material moving................................ - 12.05 13.83 - - - – – – B Goods producing Service providing Trade, Profes- Education Leisure Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other Occupational group(3) tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services and es business services ity utilities services Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... - 1.6 4.8 - - - 8.0 16.8 17.2 Management, professional, and related............................... - 7.9 9.2 - - - 5.5 – 6.7 Management, business, and financial............................... - 5.7 15.4 - - - 3.8 – – Professional and related.......................................... - 4.6 44.6 - - - 7.2 – – Service............................................................. - – 14.8 - - - 15.0 12.0 14.0 Sales and office.................................................... - 21.8 5.4 - - - 5.9 – .5 Sales and related................................................. - – 5.7 - - - – 18.9 – Office and administrative support................................. - 10.1 5.0 - - - 5.8 – .5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... - 2.2 12.6 - - - – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. - 2.2 12.7 - - - – – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... - .4 4.5 - - - – – – Production........................................................ - 1.8 – - - - – – – Transportation and material moving................................ - 14.2 4.0 - - - – – – 1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Private State and Occupational group(2) Civilian industry local workers workers government workers All workers........................................................... 552,100 461,700 90,400 Management, professional, and related............................... 153,400 103,400 49,900 Management, business, and financial............................... 42,700 39,100 3,500 Professional and related.......................................... 110,700 64,300 46,400 Service............................................................. 101,800 87,600 14,200 Sales and office.................................................... 156,900 138,400 18,500 Sales and related................................................. 54,500 54,500 – Office and administrative support................................. 102,500 84,000 18,500 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 55,800 50,500 5,300 Construction and extraction...................................... 33,100 32,000 1,100 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 22,700 18,600 4,100 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 84,100 81,600 2,500 Production........................................................ 41,300 41,300 – Transportation and material moving................................ 42,800 40,400 2,500 1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006 Private State and Establishments Total industry local government Total in sampling frame(1)............................................ 19,084 19,031 53 Total in sample....................................................... 394 366 28 Responding........................................................ 235 209 26 Refused or unable to provide data................................. 103 101 2 Out of business or not in survey scope............................ 56 56 0 1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government entity. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.