DERECHO AND BOW ECHO PUBLICATION PAGE
The Origin of
the Term "Bow Echo"
Fujita, 1978: Manual of downburst identification for project NIMROD. Satellite and Mesometeorology Res. Pap. No. 156, University of Chicago, Dept. of Geophysical Sciences, pp. 104.
Bow Echoes and their Environments (Observational Studies)
Burgess, D. W., and B. F. Smull, 1990: Doppler radar observations of a bow echo with a long-track severe windstorm. Preprints, Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 203-208.
Businger, S., T. Birchard, K. Kodama, P. A. Jendrowski, and J. -J. Wang, 1998: A bow echo and severe weather associated with a Kona low in Hawaii. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 576-591.
Hamilton, R. E., 1970: Use of detailed radar data in mesoscale surface analysis of the July 4, 1969 storm in Ohio. Preprints, 14th Radar Meteorology Conf., Tucson, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 339-342.
Johns, R. H. 1993: Meteorological conditions associated with bow echo development in convective storms. Wea. Forecasting, 8, 294-299.
Jorgensen, D. P., and B. F. Smull, 1993: Mesovortex circulations seen by airborne Doppler radar within a bow-echo mesoscale convective system. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 2146-2157.
Klimowski, B. A., M. J. Bunkers, M. R. Hjelmfelt, and J. N. Covert, 2003: Severe convective windstorms over the northern High Plains of the United States. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 502-519.
Leduc, M., and P. Joe, 1993: Bow echo storms near Toronto Canada associated with very low buoyant energies. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 573-576.
Lee, W. -C., R. M. Wakimoto, and R. E. Carbone, 1992: The evolution and structure of a "bow-echo-microburst" event. Part II: The bow echo. Mon Wea. Rev., 120, 2211-2225.
Schmidt, W., H. Schiesser, M. Furger, and M. Jenni, 2000: The origin of severe winds in a tornadic bow-echo storm over northern Switzerland. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 192-207.
Staudenmaier, M.J. and S. Cunningham, 1996: An examination of a dynamic cold season bow echo in California. NWS Western Region Technical Attachment 96-10.
The Origin of the Term "Derecho"
Hinrichs, G., 1888: Tornadoes and derechos. Amer. Meteor. J., 5, 306-317, 341-349.
Terminology for Varying Scales of Convective Storm Outflow Winds
Fujita, T. T., and R. W. Wakimoto, 1981: Five scales of airflow associated with a series of downbursts on 16 July 1980. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1438-1456.
Derechos and their Environments (Observational Studies)
Bosart, L. F., W. E. Bracken, A. Seimon, J. W. Cannon, K. D. LaPenta, and J. S. Quinlan, 1999: The evolution of warm season continental anticyclones and their contribution to derecho environments. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Wea. Analysis and Forecasting, Denver, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 100-103.
Coniglio, M. C., D. J. Stensrud, and M. B. Richman, 2004: An observational study of derecho-producing convective systems. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 320-337.
Corfidi, S. F., D. A. Imy, S. J. Taylor, and A. Logan, 2004: A preliminary investigation of derecho-producing MCSs in environments of very low dewpoints. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc, Paper P4.7, 6 pp.
Doswell, C. A. III, and J. S. Evans, 2003: Proximity sounding analysis for derechos and supercells: An assessment of similarities and differences. Atmos. Research, 67-68, 117-133.
Evans, J. S., and C. A. Doswell III, 2001: Examination of derecho environments using proximity soundings. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 329-342.
Honikman, S. F., A. C. Cacciola, T. J. Galarneau, and L. F. Bosart, 2000: Forecasting synoptic and mesoscale environments for tornadoes and derechos in the northeastern United States. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 509-512.
Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt, 1987: Derechos: widespread convectively induced windstorms. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 32-49.
Johns, R. H., K. W. Howard, and R. A. Maddox, 1990: Conditions associated with long-lived derechos - An examination of the large-scale environment. Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 408-412.
Case Studies of Individual Derechos (Selected Publications)
Alfonso, A. P., and L. R. Naranjo, 1996: The 13 March 1993 severe squall line over western Cuba. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 89-102.
Atkins, N. T., J. M. Arnott, R. W. Przybylinski, R. A. Wolf, and B. D. Ketcham. 2004: Vortex structure and evolution within bow echoes. Part I: Single-doppler and damage analysis of the 29 June 1998 derecho. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2224–2242.
Bentley, M. L., 1997: Synoptic conditions favorable for the formation of the 15 July 1995 southeastern Canada/northeastern U.S. derecho event. Nat. Wea. Digest, 21, No. 2, 31-39.
Bosart, L. F., W. E. Bracken, A. Seimon, J. W. Cannon, K. D. LaPenta, and J. S. Quinlan, 1998: Large-scale conditions associated with the northwesterly flow intense derecho events of 14-15 July 1995 in the northeastern United States. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Minneapolis, MN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 503-506.
Cannon, J. W., K. D. LaPenta, J. S. Quinlan, L. F. Bosart, W. E. Bracken, and A. Seimon, 1998: Radar characteristics of the 15 July 1995 northeastern U. S. derecho. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Minneapolis, MN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 400-443.
Cooper, S. R., and M. L. Bentley, 1996: A case study of the 8-9 July 1993 Great Plains derecho. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Francisco, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 531-534.
Cummine, J., P. McCarthy, and M. Leduc, 1992: Blowdown over northwestern Ontario: A derecho event - 18 July 1991. Preprints, 4th Workshop on Operational Meteorology, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, Atmos. Environ. Service/Canadian Meteor. and Oceanogr. Soc., 311-317.
Duke, J. W., and J. A. Rogash, 1992: Multiscale review of the development and early evolution of the 9 April 1991 derecho. Wea. Forecasting, 7, 623-634.
Evans, J. S., and S. F. Corfidi, 2000: Genesis and evolution of the 4 June 1999 derecho. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 405-408.
Gallus, W. A., Jr., J. Corriea Jr., and I. Jankov, 2005: The 4 June 1999 derecho event: A particularly difficult challenge for numerical weather prediction. Wea. Forecasting, 20, 705-728.
Gatzen, C., 2004: A derecho in Europe: Berlin, 10 July 2002. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 639-645.
Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt, 1985: The derecho of 19-20 July 1983...a case study. Natl. Wea. Digest, 10, 3, 17-32.
Keighton, S., S. Noqueira, and N. Belk, 2001: Synoptic and mesoscale analysis of the 9 August 2000 Appalachian-crossing derechos. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Wea. Analysis and Forecasting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 439-443.
Mainville, S., 1999: The derecho of 4-5 July 1999 in southern Quebec. Technical Note, Quebec Region, 99N-04, Environment Canada.
Price, C., and B. Murphy, 2002: Lightning activity during the 1999 Superior Derecho, Geophysical Res. Lett., 29(23), 57.1-57.4.
Punkka, A-J., and J. Teittinen, 2004: The severe thunderstorm outbreak in Finland on 5 July 2002. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc, Paper P4.9, 7 pp.
Rockwood, A. A., and R. A. Maddox, 1988: Mesoscale and synoptic scale interactions leading to intense convection: The case of 7 June 1982. Wea. Forecasting, 3, 51-68.
Schmidt, J. M., and W. R. Cotton, 1989: A High Plains squall line associated with severe surface winds. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, No. 3, 281-302.
Spoden, P. J., C. N. Jones, J. Keysor, and M. Lamm, 1998: Observations of flow structure and mesocale circulations associated with the 5 May 1996 asymmetric derecho in the lower Ohio valley. Preprints, 19th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Minneapolis, MN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 514-517.
Teittinen, J. and A-J. Punkka, 2004: Severe thunderstorm radar signatures of 5 July 2002 derecho in Finland. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc, Paper 7A.4, 4 pp.
Wolf, R. A., 2000: Characteristics of circulations associated with the 29 June1998 derecho in eastern Iowa. Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 56-59.
The Hazards of Convective Wind Events including Derechos
Ashley, W. S., and T. L. Mote, 2004: Hazards of long-lived convectively generated high winds in the United States. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc, Paper 7A.2, 5 pp.
Ashley, W. S., and T. L. Mote, 2005: Derecho hazards in the United States. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 86, 1577-1592.
Climatology of Bow Echoes, Derechos, and Derecho MCSs
Ashley, W. S., T. L. Mote, and M. L. Bentley, 2004: Derecho families. Preprints, 22nd Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc, Paper P4.4, 6 pp.
Bentley, M. L., and T. L. Mote, 1998: A climatology of derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems in the central and eastern United States 1986-95. Part I: Temporal and spatial distribution. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2527-2540.
Bentley, M. L., and T. L. Mote, 2000a: Reply to "Comments on a climatology of derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems in the central and eastern United States, 1986-1995. Part I: Temporal and spatial distribution." Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1055-1060
Bentley, M. L., and T. L. Mote, 2000b: A synoptic climatology of cool-season derecho events. Physical Geography, 21, 21-37
Bentley, M. L., T. L. Mote, and S. F. Byrd, 2000: A synoptic climatology of derecho producing mesoscale convective systems in the north-central Plains. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 1329-1349.
Bentley, M. L., and J. M. Sparks, 2003: A 15 year climatology of derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems over the central and eastern United States. Clim. Research, 24, 129-139.
Burke, P. C., and D. M. Schultz, 2004: A climatology of cold-season bow echoes over the continental United States. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 1061-1074.
Coniglio, M. C., and D. J. Stensrud, 2004: Interpreting the climatology of derechos. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 595-605.
Johns, R. H., and J. S. Evans, 2000: Comments on "A climatology of derecho-producing mesoscale convective systems in the central and eastern United States, 1986-1995. Part I: Temporal and spatial distribution". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1049-1054.
Peterson, R. E., and A. M. Dewan, 2002: Damaging Nor'westers in Bangladesh. Preprints, 21st Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 389-392.
Derecho MCSs Evolving from Isolated Supercells
Johns, R. H., and P. W. Leftwich, Jr., 1988: The severe thunderstorm outbreak of July 28-29, 1986: A case exhibiting both isolated supercells and a derecho producing convective system. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Baltimore, MD, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 448-451.
Smith, B. E., 1990: Mesoscale structure of a derecho-producing convective system: The southern Great Plains storm of 4 May 1989. Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis Park, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 455-460.
Derechos MCSs with Embedded Supercells
Brooks, H.E., and C.A. Doswell III, 1993: Extreme winds in high-precipitation supercells. Preprints, 17th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, St. Louis, MO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 173-177.
Miller, D. J., D. L. Andra, Jr., J. S. Evans, and R. H. Johns, 2002: Observations of the 27 May 2001 high-end derecho event in Oklahoma. Preprints, 21st Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 13-16.
Miller, D. J., and R. H. Johns, 2000: A detailed look at extreme wind damage in derecho events, Preprints, 20th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Orlando, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 52-55.
Przybylinski, R. W., and D. M. DeCaire, 1985: Radar signatures associated with the derecho, a type of mesoscale convective system. Preprints, 14th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Indianapolis, IN, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 228-231.
Bow Echo and Derecho Motion
Corfidi, S. F., 2003: Cold Pools and MCS Propagation: Forecasting the motion of downwind-developing MCSs. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 265-285.
Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt, 1987: Derechos: widespread convectively induced windstorms. Wea. Forecasting, 2, 32-49.
Numerical Simulations of Bow Echoes and Derecho MCSs
Congilio, M. C., and D. J. Stensrud, 2001: Simulation of a progressive derecho using composite initial conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1593-1616.
Finley, C. A., W. R. Cotton, and R. A. Pielke, 2001: Numerical simulation of tornadogenesis in a high-precipitation supercell. Part I: Storm evolution and transition into a bow echo. J. Atmos.Sci., 58, 1597-1629.
Schmidt, J. M., C. J. Tremback, and W. R. Cotton: 1990: Numerical simulations of a derecho event. Preprints, 16th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Kananaskis, Park, AB, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 422-427.
Weisman, M. L., 1993: The genesis of severe, long-lived bow echoes. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 645-670.
Bow Echo and Derecho Review Papers
Przybylinski, R. W., 1995: The bow echo: Observations, numerical simulations, and severe weather detection methods. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 203-218.
Wakimoto, R. M. 2001: Convectively driven high wind events. Severe Convective Storms, Meteor. Monogr., No. 50, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 255-298.
Weisman, M. L., 2001: Bow echoes: A tribute of T. T. Fujita. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 97-116.
Bow Echo Field Study (BAMEX)
Davis, C., N. Atkins, D. Bartels, L. Bosart, M. Coniglio, G. Bryan, W. Cotton, D. Dowell, B. Jewett, R. Johns, D. Jorgensen, J. Knievel, K. Knupp, W-C. Lee, G. McFarquhar, J. Moore, R. Przybylinski, R. Rauber, B. Smull, R. Trapp, S. Trier, R. Wakimoto, M. Weisman, and C. Ziegler, 2004: The bow echo and MCV experiment: Observations and opportunities. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 85, 1075-1093.
Official Listing of Severe Weather Reports in the United States
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