NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  1. Question

    What effects would low gravity have on the evolution of life, specifically on Europa?

    We don't know very much about how gravity effects evolution, since all life on Earth evolved in a constant gravity of 1 g. Of course, marine and aquatic organisms that float in water do not experience gravity the way we do (which is presumably also the case for Europa). In addition, very small life forms such as microbes are insensitive to gravitational forces (even something as large as a fly can walk up walls and accross a ceiling). But gravity can be important for an ensemble of microbes, such as a microbial mat, where light gases such as hydrogen migrate upward through the colony of microbes.The influence of gravity thus depends on other aspects of the environment. Some astrobiologists look forward to the opportunity to study the way life reacts to long exposure to zero g (in space) or low g (on the Moon and Mars), but most of these experiments have not been done yet.

    David Morrison
    NAI Senior Scientist

    May 5, 2004

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