"Is the high radiation environment of Europa likely to preclude the formation and evolution of life there?"
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Exovegetation!
NAI’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team have explored the possibility of detecting exovegetation on terrestrial planets orbiting M stars. They estimated the red-shift of this surface feature using leaf optical property spectra with a three photon photosynthetic scheme. The authors have produced a model wherein a pigment-derived surface signature such as exovegetation could be detected, but would be dependent upon the extent of the vegetation on the surface, cloud cover, and viewing angle. Their paper is in the current issue of The Astrophysical Journal.
Source: [Link]
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