Internet Address: http://www.bls.gov/ro2/ For Release: Tuesday, August 19, 2008
Fax-On-Demand: (212) 337-2412
Media Contact: Michael L. Dolfman,(212) 337-2500
Information: Martin Kohli,(212) 337-2420
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES IN NEW YORK-
WHITE PLAINS-WAYNE, MAY 2007
All occupational groups have wages above the national average
Workers in the New York-White Plains-Wayne Metropolitan Division
had an average (mean) hourly wage of $25.38 during May 2007, roughly
30 percent above the nationwide average of $19.56, according to the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) of the U.S. Department of Labor.1
Regional Commissioner Michael L. Dolfman noted that, after testing
for statistical significance, wages in the local area were higher
than their respective national averages in all 22 major occupational
groups. In addition, when compared to the nationwide distribution,
local employment was more highly concentrated in 11 of the 22
occupational groups, while 7 groups had employment shares
significantly below their national representation. (See table A and
box note at end of release.)
These statistics are from the Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES) survey, a federal-state cooperative program between BLS and
State Workforce Agencies, in this case, the Departments of Labor in
New York and New Jersey. The OES survey provides estimates of
employment and hourly and annual wages for wage and salary workers
in 22 major occupational groups and up to 801 non-military detailed
occupations for the nation, states, metropolitan statistical areas,
metropolitan divisions, and nonmetropolitan areas.
Occupational wages in the New York-White Plains-Wayne division
Management and legal occupations were the two highest-paid
occupational groups in New York in May 2007, with those in
management averaging $62.07 an hour and those in legal occupations,
$56.12. (See chart A). Nationwide, these were also the two highest-
paying groups, with earnings of $46.22 in management and $42.53 in
legal occupations.
In New York, hourly wages varied widely in both of these
occupational groups. Seven management occupations had hourly rates
over $65.00 (chief executives, financial managers, sales managers,
marketing managers, general and operations managers, computer and
information systems managers, and natural sciences managers) and
three had rates under $35.00 (funeral directors; education
administrators, preschool and child care center/program; and food
service managers). In the legal occupational group, lawyers were
among the highest-paid occupations at $70.39 an hour, while title
examiners, abstractors, and searchers were at the lower end of the
wage scale, averaging $20.06 an hour. (Detailed occupational data
are presented in table 1.)
Computer and mathematical science ($39.88), business and
financial operations ($39.25), healthcare practitioner and technical
($38.20), and architecture and engineering ($36.49) were also among
the better-paid occupational groups in New York. Among computer and
mathematical science occupations, higher-paying jobs included
computer and information research scientists ($55.95) and actuaries
($49.90).
The construction and extraction occupational group, although not
among the highest paid at $27.91, had a local wage nearly 43 percent
above the national average. Among the better-paid occupations in
this group in New York were operating engineers and other
construction equipment operators at $36.37 an hour and structural
iron and steel workers at $34.79. Like the construction and
extraction occupational group, the arts, design, entertainment,
sports, and media group and the sales and related group also had
wages in New York 40 percent or more above their respective national
averages.
Food preparation and serving related workers were the lowest-paid
occupational group in the New York division at $11.95, although this
wage was significantly above the national average of $9.35.
Locally, within this group, chefs and head cooks were among the
highest-paid occupations, earning $26.64 an hour, while among the
lowest paid were fast food cooks, earning $8.80. Other relatively
low-paid job groups in the New York division included healthcare
support ($12.90), personal care and service ($13.88), and building
and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ($13.95).
Occupational employment in the New York-White Plains-Wayne division
The largest major occupational group in the New York-White Plains-
Wayne Metropolitan Division was office and administrative support
with a total of 989,410 workers representing 19.5 percent of area
employment. The percentage of workers locally in this occupation
was significantly higher than the national share of 17.3 percent.
In New York, general office clerks (119,060), secretaries (except
legal and medical) (100,950), and executive secretaries and
administrative assistants (93,200) accounted for almost one-third of
jobs in office and administrative support. (See table 1.)
Sales and related jobs were the second largest major occupational
group in both New York (10.5 percent) and the nation (10.7 percent).
(See chart B.) The relatively low-paid positions of retail
salespersons and cashiers, with 155,080 and 102,300 jobs,
respectively, made up almost half the employment within the group.
The New York division also employed a relatively large number of
securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents
(36,080), reflecting the area's high concentration of employment in
the securities industry. With an average wage of $56.46 an hour,
this was one of the highest-paid sales occupations.
As with office and administrative support occupations,
management; business and financial operations; healthcare support;
protective service; and arts, design, entertainment, sports, and
media jobs, among others, had higher-than-average employment shares
in the New York Metropolitan Division.
In contrast, production workers had a significantly smaller
employment share in the New York division than in the nation as a
whole. This group made up 3.5 percent of the division's employment
compared with 7.6 percent nationally. Food preparation and serving
related, transportation and material moving, and construction and
extraction occupations were among the other groups with
significantly lower concentrations locally.
Table A. Occupational employment and wages by major occupational group, United States and the New York-
White Plains-Wayne Metropolitan Division, and measures of statistical significance, May 2007
Percent of total employment Average hourly wage
New York- Signif- New York Signif-
United White Plains- icant United White Plains- icant
Major occupational group States Wayne difference1 States Wayne difference1
Management 4.5 5.4 Yes $46.22 $62.07 Yes
Business and financial operations 4.5 5.7 Yes 30.01 39.25 Yes
Computer and mathematical science 2.4 3.1 Yes 34.71 39.88 Yes
Architecture and engineering 1.9 0.9 Yes 33.11 36.49 Yes
Life, physical, and social science 0.9 1.0 No 29.82 33.60 Yes
Community and social services 1.3 2.0 Yes 19.49 21.20 Yes
Legal 0.7 1.6 Yes 42.53 56.12 Yes
Education, training, and library 6.2 6.8 Yes 22.41 27.47 Yes
Arts, design, entertainment,
sports, and media 1.3 2.5 Yes 23.27 32.80 Yes
Healthcare practitioner and technical 5.1 5.0 No 31.26 38.20 Yes
Healthcare support 2.7 4.1 Yes 12.31 12.90 Yes
Protective service 2.3 3.5 Yes 18.63 21.08 Yes
Food preparation and serving related 8.4 6.1 Yes 9.35 11.95 Yes
Building and grounds cleaning and
maintenance 3.3 3.3 No 11.33 13.95 Yes
Personal care and service 2.5 3.3 Yes 11.53 13.88 Yes
Sales and related 10.7 10.5 No 16.94 23.80 Yes
Office and administrative support 17.3 19.5 Yes 15.00 17.43 Yes
Farming, fishing, and forestry 0.3 (2) Yes 10.89 15.45 Yes
Construction and extraction 5.0 3.2 Yes 19.53 27.91 Yes
Installation, maintenance, and repair 4.0 3.3 Yes 19.20 22.04 Yes
Production 7.6 3.5 Yes 15.05 15.48 Yes
Transportation and material moving 7.2 5.4 Yes 14.75 17.58 Yes
1 Statistical significance testing at the 90-percent confidence level.
2 Indicates a value of less than 0.05 percent.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| OES wage and employment data for the 22 major occupational groups |
| in the New York metropolitan area were compared to their respective |
| national averages based on statistical significance testing. Only |
| those occupations with wages or employment shares above or below the |
| national wage or share after testing for significance at the 90- |
| percent confidence level meet the criteria. |
| |
| NOTE: A value that is statistically different from another does |
| not necessarily mean that the difference has economic or practical |
| significance. Statistical significance is concerned with the |
| ability to make confident statements about a universe based on a |
| sample. It is entirely possible that a large difference between two |
| values is not significantly different statistically, while a small |
| difference is, since both the size and heterogeneity of the sample |
| affect the relative error of the data being tested. |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_______________________________
1The New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division consists
of New York City, Putnam, Rockland, and Westchester counties in New York;
and Bergen, Hudson, and Passaic Counties in New Jersey. For convenience,
the New York Metropolitan Division is referred to as New York throughout
this release.
NYLS - 7344 Labor - New York
08/19/08
Technical Note
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a
semiannual mail survey measuring occupational employment and wage
rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments in the
United States. Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands also are
surveyed, but their data are not included in this release. OES
estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2 million
establishments. Forms are mailed to approximately 200,000
establishments in May and November of each year for a 3-year period.
The nationwide response rate for the May 2007 survey was 77.9
percent based on establishments and 73.5 percent based on
employment. The survey included establishments sampled in the May
2007, November 2006, May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, and November
2004 semiannual panels. The sample in the New York Metropolitan
Division included 24,612 establishments with a response rate of 68
percent.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey uses the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB)
occupational classification system, the Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. The SOC system is the first OMB-
required occupational classification system for federal agencies.
The OES survey categorizes workers in 1 of 801 detailed occupations.
Together, these detailed occupations make up 23 major occupational
groups, 22 of which are covered in this release. The one exception
is military specific occupations, which are not included in the OES
survey.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The OES survey uses the North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). For more information about NAICS, see the BLS Web
site at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
Survey sample
BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures and technical
support, while the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) collect most of
the data. BLS produces cross-industry and industry-specific
estimates for the nation, states, metropolitan statistical areas
(MSAs), metropolitan divisions, and nonmetropolitan areas. Industry-
specific estimates are produced at the NAICS sector, 3-digit, 4-
digit, and selected 5-digit industry levels. BLS releases all cross-
industry and national estimates; the SWAs release industry-specific
estimates at the state and MSA levels.
State Unemployment Insurance (UI) files provide the universe
from which the OES survey draws its sample. Employment benchmarks
are obtained from reports submitted by employers to the UI program.
The OES survey sample is stratified by metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan areas and industry. Samples selected in panels
prior to May 2005 were stratified using MSA definitions based on the
1990 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards. Beginning with the
May 2005 panel, the sample was stratified using new MSA definitions
based on the 2000 Metropolitan Statistical Area standards.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and
salary employment in an occupation across the industries surveyed.
The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can
be classified as full- or part-time employees, including workers on
paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers on unpaid short-
term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of
incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units;
and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty
station regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay,
exclusive of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances,
guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including
commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are
included. Excluded are: back pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay,
severance pay, shift differentials, non-production bonuses, employer
cost for supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
Mean hourly wage. The mean hourly wage rate for an occupation
is the total wages that all workers in the occupation earn in an
hour divided by the total employment of the occupation. To
calculate the mean hourly wage of each occupation, total weighted
hourly wages are summed across all intervals and divided by the
occupation's weighted survey employment. The mean wage for each
interval is based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS
Office of Compensation and Working Conditions for the National
Compensation Survey (NCS).
Annual wage. Many employees are paid at an hourly rate by
their employers and may work more than or less than 40 hours per
week. Annual wage estimates for most occupations in this release
are calculated by multiplying the mean hourly wage by a "year-round,
full-time" figure of 2,080 hours (52 weeks by 40 hours). Thus,
annual wage estimates may not represent the actual annual pay
received by the employee if they work more or less than 2,080 hours
per year. Some workers typically work less than fulltime, year
round. For these occupations, the OES survey collects and reports
either the annual salary or the hourly wage rate, depending on how
the occupation is typically paid, but not both. For example,
teachers, flight attendants, and pilots may be paid an annual
salary, but do not work the usual 2,080 hours per year. In this
case, an annual salary is reported. Other workers, such as
entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but generally do not
work full time, year round. For these workers, only an hourly wage
is reported.
Hourly versus annual wage reporting. For each occupation,
respondents are asked to report the number of employees paid within
specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly
rates and the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for
an occupation is calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a
typical work year of 2,080 hours. The responding establishment can
reference either the hourly or the annual rate for full-time
workers, but they are instructed to report the hourly rate for part-
time workers.
Estimation methodology
Each OES panel includes approximately 200,000 establishments.
The OES survey is designed to produce estimates using six panels (3
years) of data. The full six-panel sample of 1.2 million
establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels
of geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are
obtained by combining six panels of data, particularly for small
geographic areas and occupations. Wages for the current panel need
no adjustment. However, wages in the five previous panels need to
be updated to the current panel's reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to
adjust survey data from prior panels before combining them with the
current panel's data. The wage updating procedure adjusts each
detailed occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel,
according to the average movement of its broader occupational
division. The procedure assumes that there are no major differences
by geography, industry, or detailed occupation within the
occupational division.
May 2007 OES survey estimates. The May 2007 OES survey
estimates are based on all data collected from establishments in the
May 2007, November 2006, May 2006, November 2005, May 2005, November
2004 semiannual samples.
Reliability of the estimates. Estimates calculated from a
sample survey are subject to two types of error: sampling and
nonsampling. Sampling error occurs when estimates are calculated
from a subset (that is, a sample) of the population instead of the
full population. When a sample of the population is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimate of the characteristic of
interest may differ from the population value of that
characteristic. Differences between the sample estimate and the
population value will vary depending on the sample selected. This
variability can be estimated by calculating the standard error (SE)
of the sample estimate. If we were to repeat the sampling and
estimation process countless times using the same survey design,
approximately 90 percent of the intervals created by adding and
subtracting 1.645 SEs from the sample estimate would include the
population value. These intervals are called 90-percent confidence
intervals. The OES survey, however, usually uses the relative
standard error (RSE) of a sample estimate instead of its SE to
measure sampling error. RSE is defined as the SE of a sample
estimate divided by the sample estimate itself. This statistic
provides the user with a measure of the relative precision of the
sample estimate. RSEs are calculated for both occupational
employment and mean wage rate estimates. Occupational employment
RSEs are calculated using a subsample, random group replication
technique called the jackknife. Mean wage rate RSEs are calculated
using a variance components model that accounts for both the
observed and unobserved components of the wage data. The variances
of the unobserved components are estimated using wage data from the
BLS National Compensation Survey. In general, estimates based on
many establishments have lower RSEs than estimates based on few
establishments. If the distributional assumptions of the models are
violated, the resulting confidence intervals may not reflect the
prescribed level of confidence.
Nonsampling error occurs for a variety of reasons, none of
which are directly connected to sampling. Examples of nonsampling
error include: nonresponse, data incorrectly reported by the
respondent, mistakes made in entering collected data into the
database, and mistakes made in editing and processing the collected
data.
Additional information
The May 2007 OES national data by occupation, comparable to
data in table 1, are available on the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/oes. Users also may access each occupation's definition
and percentile wages. The May 2007 cross-industry data for states,
metropolitan areas, metropolitan divisions, and nonmetropolitan
areas are also available on the BLS Web site, as are the industry
staffing patterns at the sector, 3-, 4-, and selected 5-digit NAICS
levels. These data include industry-specific occupational
employment and wage data. A more detailed technical note for OES is
available at www.bls.gov/news.release/ocwage.tn.htm.
OES data are available on our regional web page at
www.bls.gov/ro2/home.htm. If you have additional questions, contact
the New York Economic Analysis and Information Unit at 646-264-3600.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Upcoming Reduction in Sample Size of Occupational Employment Statistics Survey |
| |
| Due to budget constraints, Occupational Employment Statistics has reduced the |
| sample size of the May 2008 panel by 20 percent. Because OES estimates are |
| produced from 3 years of pooled data, this one-time sample reduction will affect |
| estimates for May 2008, May 2009, and May 2010. This reduction is expected to |
| decrease the number of published employment estimates by at least 5 percent, or |
| about 25,000 estimates, and will decrease the accuracy of the remaining estimates. |
| The number and quality of wage estimates also are expected to decline. These |
| cutbacks are being implemented in response to a reduction in funding to the BLS |
| that resulted from The 2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act enacted on |
| December 26, 2007. |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table 1. Employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey,
by occupation, New York-Wayne-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division, May 2007
Median
Mean wages hourly
Occupation Employment1 Hourly Annual2 wages
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
Management occupations 273,150 $62.07 $129,110 $56.71
Chief executives 8,510 93.37 194,210 (3)
General and operations managers 60,000 69.08 143,690 65.96
Legislators 880 (4) 61,810 (4)
Advertising and promotions managers 4,470 63.61 132,300 58.47
Marketing managers 13,170 69.31 144,170 65.34
Sales managers 13,350 70.93 147,540 68.81
Public relations managers 5,020 61.38 127,670 56.85
Administrative services managers 13,850 48.54 100,960 45.45
Computer and information systems managers 17,740 68.38 142,220 65.77
Financial managers 43,670 71.16 148,020 67.67
Compensation and benefits managers 2,350 55.11 114,620 53.26
Training and development managers 2,260 57.93 120,500 55.47
Human resources managers, all other 4,570 54.32 112,990 49.50
Industrial production managers 2,870 52.33 108,840 47.29
Purchasing managers 2,250 57.48 119,550 53.50
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers 3,410 51.27 106,640 45.87
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers 30 35.86 74,580 33.56
Construction managers 7,890 60.12 125,050 55.74
Education administrators, preschool and child care
center/program 2,260 28.54 59,360 25.65
Education administrators, elementary and secondary
school 9,800 (4) 99,720 (4)
Education administrators, postsecondary 3,920 47.14 98,050 43.86
Education administrators, all other 1,190 45.36 94,350 41.47
Engineering managers 3,780 64.73 134,640 59.11
Food service managers 6,000 28.12 58,490 26.50
Funeral directors 670 34.34 71,430 29.31
Lodging managers 470 39.05 81,230 36.85
Medical and health services managers 14,500 51.28 106,670 46.71
Natural sciences managers 810 65.53 136,290 62.86
Postmasters and mail superintendents 170 36.15 75,190 35.69
Property, real estate, and community association
managers 4,410 40.19 83,580 33.53
Social and community service managers 6,900 38.21 79,470 35.90
Managers, all other 11,940 52.98 110,200 48.26
Business and financial operations occupations 289,770 39.25 81,630 33.78
Agents and business managers of artists, performers,
and athletes 1,530 48.91 101,730 38.67
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products 420 37.12 77,200 40.83
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products 6,330 33.86 70,430 28.69
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm
products 7,310 30.83 64,130 29.49
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators 12,730 31.55 65,630 30.70
Insurance appraisers, auto damage 130 27.24 56,660 27.18
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction,
health and safety, and transportation 13,500 30.97 64,420 27.06
Cost estimators 4,710 34.68 72,130 33.45
Emergency management specialists 340 26.40 54,920 24.75
Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists 13,330 32.90 68,440 24.42
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists 9,550 30.64 63,730 29.83
Training and development specialists 8,190 30.33 63,080 28.84
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists, all other 9,010 27.45 57,090 26.19
Logisticians 2,080 35.75 74,360 35.04
Management analysts 23,950 45.40 94,430 39.32
Meeting and convention planners 3,380 28.61 59,500 27.00
Business operations specialists, all other 19,930 34.52 71,790 32.25
Accountants and auditors 67,380 38.15 79,360 34.35
Appraisers and assessors of real estate 1,230 33.84 70,390 33.70
Budget analysts 1,370 34.14 71,020 32.64
Credit analysts 5,120 48.16 100,160 42.63
Financial analysts 32,930 50.92 105,920 43.42
Personal financial advisors 16,830 65.45 136,140 62.06
Insurance underwriters 5,660 38.07 79,180 35.94
Financial examiners 1,990 40.87 85,010 37.08
Loan counselors 780 20.53 42,700 18.32
Loan officers 8,260 37.77 78,570 29.56
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents 1,920 34.61 71,990 33.44
Tax preparers 2,500 16.24 33,770 13.63
Financial specialists, all other 7,380 34.82 72,430 31.51
Computer and mathematical science occupations 158,470 39.88 82,940 38.28
Computer and information scientists, research 1,400 55.95 116,370 53.75
Computer programmers 23,860 37.83 78,690 35.99
Computer software engineers, applications 27,390 44.98 93,550 43.98
Computer software engineers, systems software 12,580 49.12 102,170 48.33
Computer support specialists 24,080 26.98 56,110 25.09
Computer systems analysts 25,640 42.64 88,680 41.07
Database administrators 7,340 41.34 85,990 38.66
Network and computer systems administrators 14,580 40.29 83,790 38.98
Network systems and data communications analysts 13,890 39.58 82,330 37.85
Computer specialists, all other 3,330 34.13 71,000 32.08
Actuaries 1,760 49.90 103,800 45.44
Mathematicians 80 43.71 90,930 42.19
Operations research analysts 1,900 41.38 86,070 37.32
Statisticians 470 34.35 71,450 33.85
Mathematical technicians 40 23.96 49,830 23.56
Mathematical scientists, all other (5) 35.33 73,490 36.49
Architecture and engineering occupations 47,860 36.49 75,910 33.70
Architects, except landscape and naval 8,470 40.30 83,830 36.53
Landscape architects 300 31.14 64,770 30.33
Cartographers and photogrammetrists 100 29.11 60,560 27.71
Surveyors 760 33.86 70,420 34.13
Aerospace engineers 100 44.95 93,490 45.19
Biomedical engineers 350 38.52 80,120 36.72
Chemical engineers 410 42.00 87,350 41.58
Civil engineers 6,270 38.68 80,450 36.84
Computer hardware engineers 1,300 59.93 124,650 58.04
Electrical engineers 3,540 43.02 89,490 42.58
Electronics engineers, except computer 1,800 41.00 85,270 39.24
Environmental engineers 1,760 39.67 82,510 40.07
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety
engineers and inspectors 690 36.42 75,760 35.46
Industrial engineers 2,570 42.13 87,640 40.37
Marine engineers and naval architects (5) 33.71 70,130 31.40
Materials engineers (5) 37.43 77,860 39.11
Mechanical engineers 3,180 39.40 81,950 36.77
Nuclear engineers (5) 46.83 97,420 47.29
Engineers, all other 1,300 39.58 82,330 38.60
Architectural and civil drafters 4,930 24.82 51,630 23.84
Electrical and electronics drafters 910 28.97 60,260 29.33
Mechanical drafters 960 25.26 52,530 24.43
Drafters, all other 500 23.43 48,730 23.34
Civil engineering technicians 1,120 26.04 54,160 26.04
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians 2,950 28.75 59,800 29.30
Electro-mechanical technicians 140 23.65 49,190 23.17
Environmental engineering technicians 400 21.88 45,520 20.12
Industrial engineering technicians 430 28.89 60,100 28.09
Mechanical engineering technicians 380 23.31 48,490 22.73
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other 480 24.62 51,200 23.59
Surveying and mapping technicians 600 22.04 45,840 21.22
Life, physical, and social science occupations 51,080 33.60 69,880 30.44
Food scientists and technologists 180 34.18 71,100 33.02
Biochemists and biophysicists 550 41.52 86,350 39.77
Microbiologists 620 34.32 71,380 33.53
Zoologists and wildlife biologists 60 19.82 41,230 16.24
Biological scientists, all other 260 32.00 66,550 32.19
Conservation scientists 250 29.42 61,190 28.33
Epidemiologists 250 40.66 84,570 36.84
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists 2,340 45.75 95,170 39.21
Life scientists, all other (5) 32.47 67,530 31.27
Physicists 140 59.28 123,310 57.47
Chemists 2,840 36.93 76,820 34.77
Materials scientists 280 36.82 76,590 34.67
Environmental scientists and specialists, including
health (5) 38.09 79,230 33.94
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers 360 (5) (5) (5)
Hydrologists (5) 30.93 64,330 29.17
Physical scientists, all other 450 45.26 94,150 43.57
Economists 300 53.56 111,410 49.12
Market research analysts 18,990 35.56 73,970 32.28
Survey researchers 470 25.15 52,320 23.02
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists 5,610 40.62 84,490 38.32
Industrial-organizational psychologists 160 54.66 113,700 51.09
Psychologists, all other 200 35.08 72,970 36.12
Sociologists 180 34.14 71,020 29.88
Urban and regional planners 890 32.86 68,350 31.94
Anthropologists and archeologists 100 31.30 65,100 28.94
Historians 100 24.43 50,820 22.82
Social scientists and related workers, all other 1,200 30.60 63,650 30.66
Agricultural and food science technicians (5) 16.19 33,670 15.44
Biological technicians 2,790 21.31 44,320 19.56
Chemical technicians 1,370 22.10 45,960 21.30
Social science research assistants 1,170 17.26 35,890 16.07
Environmental science and protection technicians,
including health 990 20.06 41,730 18.39
Forensic science technicians 350 25.07 52,140 25.51
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all
other 3,110 18.87 39,240 18.59
Community and social services occupations 103,620 21.20 44,090 19.43
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors 5,770 20.93 43,530 20.53
Educational, vocational, and school counselors 10,500 29.57 61,510 28.66
Marriage and family therapists 840 24.50 50,960 23.37
Mental health counselors 4,660 18.06 37,560 14.97
Rehabilitation counselors 11,150 14.31 29,770 13.25
Counselors, all other 1,230 17.97 37,380 17.02
Child, family, and school social workers 15,570 24.19 50,320 22.24
Medical and public health social workers 6,330 25.82 53,710 24.75
Mental health and substance abuse social workers 5,720 22.25 46,290 21.20
Social workers, all other 5,860 24.92 51,840 24.55
Health educators 2,980 23.01 47,860 21.21
Social and human service assistants 15,750 14.07 29,260 13.42
Community and social service specialists, all other 9,620 20.03 41,670 18.79
Clergy 4,020 22.44 46,670 20.80
Directors, religious activities and education 960 21.72 45,180 18.57
Legal occupations 79,630 56.12 116,730 49.00
Lawyers 52,340 70.39 146,410 67.19
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators (5) 28.65 59,580 24.21
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates 770 61.65 128,230 64.25
Paralegals and legal assistants 20,480 27.89 58,020 27.14
Court reporters 1,100 30.81 64,090 31.95
Law clerks 1,280 23.16 48,170 21.04
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers 840 20.06 41,730 18.63
Legal support workers, all other 1,360 23.52 48,920 22.97
Education, training, and library occupations 347,030 27.47 57,140 24.98
Business teachers, postsecondary 2,140 (4) 73,440 (4)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary 850 (4) 81,730 (4)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary 1,210 (4) 85,350 (4)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary 650 (4) 79,440 (4)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary 1,010 (4) 86,760 (4)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary 1,180 (4) 75,680 (4)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers,
postsecondary (5) (4) 86,760 (4)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary 610 (4) 80,480 (4)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary 280 (4) 67,670 (4)
Physics teachers, postsecondary 260 (4) 84,170 (4)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary 160 (4) 77,930 (4)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers,
postsecondary (5) (4) 71,210 (4)
Economics teachers, postsecondary 370 (4) 86,810 (4)
Political science teachers, postsecondary 240 (4) 77,760 (4)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary 940 (4) 78,640 (4)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary 340 (4) 81,290 (4)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other 230 (4) 69,560 (4)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary 3,290 (4) 129,190 (4)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary 1,030 (4) 70,710 (4)
Education teachers, postsecondary 1,090 (4) 74,040 (4)
Library science teachers, postsecondary 200 (4) 67,220 (4)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers,
postsecondary 250 (4) 65,780 (4)
Law teachers, postsecondary 610 (4) 91,630 (4)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary 3,000 (4) 80,910 (4)
Communications teachers, postsecondary 420 (4) 76,130 (4)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary 1,770 (4) 74,300 (4)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary 330 (4) 67,380 (4)
History teachers, postsecondary 600 (4) 75,030 (4)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary 580 (4) 73,340 (4)
Graduate teaching assistants (5) (4) 31,780 (4)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary 100 (4) 76,220 (4)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary 2,650 25.26 52,540 24.08
Preschool teachers, except special education 14,930 16.34 33,990 15.58
Kindergarten teachers, except special education 8,850 (4) 62,100 (4)
Elementary school teachers, except special education 53,850 (4) 63,020 (4)
Middle school teachers, except special and vocational
education 19,600 (4) 66,070 (4)
Vocational education teachers, middle school 60 (4) 66,140 (4)
Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational
education 38,800 (4) 66,310 (4)
Vocational education teachers, secondary school 2,010 (4) 71,770 (4)
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and
elementary school 9,390 (4) 65,330 (4)
Special education teachers, middle school 7,080 (4) 62,400 (4)
Special education teachers, secondary school 7,900 (4) 68,400 (4)
Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers
and instructors 2,620 30.48 63,400 30.04
Self-enrichment education teachers 12,800 22.93 47,700 18.20
Teachers and instructors, all other 21,020 (4) 39,590 (4)
Archivists 440 25.57 53,190 25.57
Curators 550 31.12 64,730 29.31
Museum technicians and conservators 280 22.21 46,200 20.63
Librarians 5,280 29.57 61,500 27.88
Library technicians 3,070 16.67 34,670 16.60
Audio-visual collections specialists 120 17.43 36,250 15.85
Farm and home management advisors 120 20.85 43,360 20.88
Instructional coordinators 3,180 31.85 66,240 30.18
Teacher assistants 59,830 (4) 26,050 (4)
Education, training, and library workers, all other 2,020 26.29 54,680 25.87
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 128,200 32.80 68,230 27.51
Art directors 4,310 55.17 114,750 50.05
Craft artists (5) 21.59 44,910 19.61
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and
illustrators 740 27.65 57,510 23.82
Multi-media artists and animators 2,690 29.68 61,740 28.20
Artists and related workers, all other 340 25.52 53,070 24.81
Commercial and industrial designers 2,520 32.17 66,920 28.89
Fashion designers 6,750 38.37 79,800 35.45
Floral designers 1,680 13.85 28,810 14.39
Graphic designers 15,360 28.07 58,380 26.03
Interior designers 2,150 31.97 66,510 27.08
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers 2,940 17.42 36,240 16.23
Set and exhibit designers 970 24.63 51,230 23.56
Designers, all other 650 27.66 57,540 19.54
Actors 4,010 38.15 (4) 37.86
Producers and directors 10,650 53.99 112,290 46.21
Coaches and scouts 3,570 (4) 39,890 (4)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials 100 (4) (5) (4)
Dancers 1,360 18.16 (4) 14.79
Choreographers 250 (5) (5) (5)
Music directors and composers 970 24.04 50,000 19.63
Musicians and singers 4,920 33.10 (4) 20.22
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers,
all other 320 22.47 (4) 21.18
Broadcast news analysts 310 40.35 83,930 27.46
Reporters and correspondents 3,180 32.44 67,470 25.03
Public relations specialists 17,000 30.11 62,620 27.60
Editors 14,720 36.03 74,950 30.46
Technical writers 1,160 32.69 68,000 32.51
Writers and authors 4,220 33.30 69,260 28.72
Interpreters and translators 1,960 27.18 56,530 25.53
Media and communication workers, all other 1,060 22.68 47,180 20.84
Audio and video equipment technicians 3,760 23.34 48,550 22.46
Broadcast technicians 1,990 28.26 58,770 25.57
Radio operators 50 16.58 34,480 13.59
Sound engineering technicians 2,740 27.95 58,130 24.12
Photographers 2,250 24.06 50,050 20.82
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture 1,790 22.32 46,420 21.16
Film and video editors 2,220 30.07 62,540 28.04
Media and communication equipment workers, all other 850 28.51 59,300 28.06
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations 256,090 38.20 79,460 33.32
Chiropractors 600 37.84 78,710 35.81
Dentists, general 4,670 65.38 135,980 63.16
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons 340 80.45 167,330 (3)
Orthodontists 120 87.09 181,160 (3)
Dentists, all other specialists 270 55.40 115,220 34.78
Dietitians and nutritionists 2,380 26.73 55,590 26.32
Optometrists 670 55.00 114,390 51.33
Pharmacists 8,410 45.52 94,690 45.88
Anesthesiologists 900 (3) (3) (3)
Family and general practitioners 2,340 70.59 146,820 69.20
Internists, general 1,870 77.20 160,570 (3)
Obstetricians and gynecologists 640 86.77 180,480 (3)
Pediatricians, general 980 67.39 140,170 62.69
Psychiatrists 2,440 62.19 129,350 66.33
Surgeons 1,260 89.78 186,740 (3)
Physicians and surgeons, all other 24,990 64.01 133,140 62.97
Physician assistants 3,540 41.29 85,880 41.82
Podiatrists 720 59.46 123,680 56.57
Registered nurses 96,560 37.94 78,920 36.84
Audiologists 440 35.32 73,460 33.51
Occupational therapists 4,150 33.40 69,480 31.09
Physical therapists 6,600 37.06 77,080 34.89
Radiation therapists 540 39.52 82,190 39.42
Recreational therapists 1,370 21.98 45,730 21.80
Respiratory therapists 3,100 30.59 63,630 30.62
Speech-language pathologists 4,710 34.83 72,440 33.23
Therapists, all other 260 26.70 55,530 25.18
Veterinarians 850 55.38 115,200 51.52
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other 1,060 50.75 105,560 50.26
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists 6,670 28.05 58,350 27.94
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians 5,170 21.25 44,200 20.83
Dental hygienists 4,220 34.84 72,460 35.52
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians 1,840 25.89 53,860 24.88
Diagnostic medical sonographers 1,830 31.74 66,020 31.32
Nuclear medicine technologists 660 34.59 71,950 34.79
Radiologic technologists and technicians 6,700 30.99 64,460 30.75
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics 9,050 19.53 40,620 18.92
Dietetic technicians 420 16.76 34,870 16.81
Pharmacy technicians 7,230 14.52 30,200 14.02
Psychiatric technicians 840 18.28 38,020 18.34
Respiratory therapy technicians 400 25.87 53,800 26.53
Surgical technologists 3,090 20.60 42,840 20.18
Veterinary technologists and technicians 1,240 15.38 31,990 14.91
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses 19,430 22.54 46,890 22.51
Medical records and health information technicians 3,870 19.28 40,100 18.44
Opticians, dispensing 1,240 23.25 48,360 23.14
Orthotists and prosthetists (5) 33.00 68,640 33.79
Health technologists and technicians, all other 2,370 22.57 46,950 20.64
Occupational health and safety specialists 940 31.61 65,750 31.18
Occupational health and safety technicians 750 22.29 46,350 21.47
Athletic trainers 220 (4) 49,370 (4)
Healthcare practitioner and technical workers, all
other 740 30.88 64,230 28.15
Healthcare support occupations 205,620 12.90 26,830 12.08
Home health aides 104,690 10.12 21,050 9.93
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants 54,630 15.29 31,790 15.42
Psychiatric aides 3,170 15.85 32,970 15.87
Occupational therapist assistants 860 23.17 48,200 23.40
Occupational therapist aides 300 15.12 31,450 14.43
Physical therapist assistants 1,550 21.76 45,260 22.12
Physical therapist aides 1,490 13.02 27,090 12.02
Massage therapists 1,720 25.55 53,150 23.64
Dental assistants 9,550 16.02 33,330 15.84
Medical assistants 12,010 15.43 32,100 14.87
Medical equipment preparers 1,310 16.83 35,000 16.86
Medical transcriptionists 1,780 18.79 39,080 19.03
Pharmacy aides 2,030 11.45 23,820 10.47
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers 1,540 13.19 27,430 12.19
Healthcare support workers, all other 8,990 16.56 34,450 16.21
Protective service occupations 179,890 21.08 43,840 19.11
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives (5) 41.27 85,850 38.74
First-line supervisors/managers, protective service
workers, all other 3,350 24.86 51,720 24.22
Fire inspectors and investigators 720 25.78 53,620 24.26
Bailiffs 2,270 25.18 52,380 26.70
Detectives and criminal investigators 5,520 31.17 64,830 28.33
Parking enforcement workers 410 17.56 36,520 16.10
Police and sheriff's patrol officers (5) 27.92 58,080 27.71
Transit and railroad police (5) 26.45 55,010 22.52
Animal control workers 100 17.36 36,110 16.27
Private detectives and investigators 960 25.57 53,190 26.70
Security guards 78,430 12.96 26,950 11.74
Crossing guards 8,110 13.21 27,480 13.54
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational
protective service workers 3,270 10.47 21,770 10.16
Protective service workers, all other 1,060 19.88 41,340 18.29
Food preparation and serving related occupations 310,490 11.95 24,850 10.33
Chefs and head cooks 3,420 26.64 55,400 23.81
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and
serving workers 23,600 16.34 33,980 15.12
Cooks, fast food 13,670 8.80 18,310 8.18
Cooks, institution and cafeteria 7,420 14.19 29,500 13.78
Cooks, restaurant 23,350 13.59 28,270 12.79
Cooks, short order 3,220 11.38 23,670 10.86
Cooks, all other 790 12.04 25,040 9.85
Food preparation workers 45,350 10.84 22,540 10.00
Bartenders 13,290 14.27 29,690 12.80
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including
fast food 39,590 8.87 18,450 7.68
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and
coffee shop 21,720 9.27 19,280 8.59
Waiters and waitresses 69,640 13.25 27,550 11.47
Food servers, nonrestaurant 7,730 14.29 29,710 14.05
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender
helpers 13,160 10.25 21,330 8.96
Dishwashers 15,790 8.96 18,630 8.11
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop 8,180 11.53 23,970 10.84
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other 550 10.10 21,020 9.15
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 165,650 13.95 29,020 13.27
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and
janitorial workers 6,790 21.08 43,840 21.36
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers 2,060 24.93 51,850 25.42
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping
cleaners 103,390 13.14 27,340 12.51
Maids and housekeeping cleaners 29,290 14.67 30,510 14.81
Building cleaning workers, all other (5) 14.21 29,560 14.24
Pest control workers 1,450 15.86 32,980 15.43
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers 18,740 13.87 28,840 12.67
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators,
vegetation 330 20.88 43,430 17.83
Tree trimmers and pruners 300 20.94 43,550 21.45
Personal care and service occupations 169,530 13.88 28,860 11.35
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service
workers 5,140 21.24 44,190 18.83
Animal trainers 350 17.22 35,820 17.55
Nonfarm animal caretakers 2,780 10.91 22,700 9.77
Motion picture projectionists 330 15.16 31,530 12.94
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 8,190 11.67 24,280 10.38
Amusement and recreation attendants 2,770 9.95 20,700 8.64
Costume attendants 450 21.41 44,540 24.50
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants 1,110 11.51 23,940 10.05
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other 180 15.09 31,390 12.17
Embalmers 230 (5) (5) (5)
Funeral attendants 790 11.40 23,720 11.10
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists 14,090 14.86 30,900 13.16
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance 130 27.00 56,160 29.60
Manicurists and pedicurists 5,270 9.72 20,210 9.29
Shampooers 1,270 8.88 18,470 8.42
Skin care specialists 1,200 14.21 29,560 13.18
Baggage porters and bellhops 3,630 13.78 28,670 12.72
Concierges 1,620 18.22 37,900 18.41
Tour guides and escorts 1,580 12.36 25,720 10.91
Travel guides 90 17.32 36,030 17.03
Flight attendants 8,390 (4) 71,540 (4)
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and
baggage porters 830 9.51 19,790 8.82
Child care workers 38,020 11.70 24,330 11.77
Personal and home care aides 45,230 10.43 21,690 10.50
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors 10,150 22.83 47,490 20.77
Recreation workers 11,730 12.49 25,970 11.43
Residential advisors 990 15.91 33,080 15.21
Personal care and service workers, all other 2,090 13.59 28,270 12.99
Sales and related occupations 533,870 23.80 49,510 15.28
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers 28,660 22.70 47,220 19.87
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales
workers 15,830 50.81 105,690 44.99
Cashiers 102,300 9.64 20,040 8.40
Counter and rental clerks 9,620 12.80 26,620 11.40
Parts salespersons 3,680 15.86 32,980 13.82
Retail salespersons 155,080 12.68 26,370 10.27
Advertising sales agents 22,440 30.27 62,960 26.47
Insurance sales agents 8,980 37.87 78,760 27.41
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales
agents 36,080 56.46 117,430 49.94
Travel agents 6,220 17.54 36,490 16.93
Sales representatives, services, all other 26,510 32.45 67,490 28.31
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
technical and scientific products 11,270 41.28 85,850 37.52
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing,
except technical and scientific products 72,030 34.35 71,450 28.56
Demonstrators and product promoters 1,800 18.00 37,440 14.66
Real estate brokers 4,130 61.95 128,850 50.36
Real estate sales agents 11,520 40.60 84,450 30.66
Sales engineers 2,680 47.28 98,340 43.91
Telemarketers 9,230 15.56 32,370 14.23
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors,
and related workers 180 (5) (5) (5)
Sales and related workers, all other 5,600 22.58 46,970 19.80
Office and administrative support occupations 989,410 17.43 36,250 16.34
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers 62,090 27.54 57,280 26.22
Switchboard operators, including answering service 5,400 15.03 31,260 14.77
Telephone operators 1,010 18.85 39,210 19.76
Communications equipment operators, all other 80 25.07 52,150 22.72
Bill and account collectors 9,250 19.03 39,590 17.49
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators 20,350 17.23 35,830 16.91
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks 74,430 18.44 38,360 18.01
Payroll and timekeeping clerks 10,470 18.10 37,660 17.56
Procurement clerks 2,950 18.22 37,900 17.78
Tellers 19,420 11.98 24,910 11.43
Brokerage clerks 13,580 22.27 46,330 21.04
Correspondence clerks 450 17.62 36,650 17.31
Court, municipal, and license clerks 4,520 25.31 52,640 24.01
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks 2,790 18.12 37,690 17.68
Customer service representatives 78,060 17.25 35,870 16.00
Eligibility interviewers, government programs 5,000 18.91 39,320 17.99
File clerks 11,430 13.44 27,950 12.90
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks 3,490 14.01 29,150 13.34
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan 9,040 15.27 31,760 15.45
Library assistants, clerical 4,170 12.04 25,040 10.78
Loan interviewers and clerks 5,120 18.53 38,550 17.88
New accounts clerks 4,730 16.17 33,630 15.62
Order clerks 6,760 15.86 32,980 15.62
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping 6,070 19.11 39,740 18.56
Receptionists and information clerks 49,220 13.66 28,420 13.35
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel
clerks 7,660 16.11 33,510 16.08
All other information and record clerks 4,010 17.55 36,490 17.23
Cargo and freight agents 5,300 17.97 37,380 17.58
Couriers and messengers 9,480 11.27 23,440 9.81
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers (5) 18.48 38,440 18.23
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance 7,120 17.80 37,030 16.23
Meter readers, utilities 700 20.85 43,360 21.34
Postal service clerks 3,700 21.40 44,500 21.78
Postal service mail carriers 13,350 21.12 43,920 21.50
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing
machine operators 13,810 20.52 42,670 21.33
Production, planning, and expediting clerks 10,150 21.93 45,610 21.27
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks 26,260 14.18 29,490 13.26
Stock clerks and order fillers 62,200 10.98 22,830 9.38
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping 2,170 13.02 27,090 11.91
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants 93,020 24.20 50,330 22.96
Legal secretaries 20,300 21.89 45,530 21.41
Medical secretaries 9,670 16.44 34,200 16.17
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive 100,950 16.30 33,890 15.69
Computer operators 7,640 18.50 38,490 17.57
Data entry keyers 13,570 13.66 28,420 13.11
Word processors and typists 10,360 16.53 34,370 15.68
Desktop publishers 1,270 22.75 47,310 23.60
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks 6,470 17.67 36,760 17.17
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except
postal service 7,330 14.42 30,000 13.72
Office clerks, general 119,060 13.42 27,910 12.96
Office machine operators, except computer 6,560 13.30 27,660 12.64
Proofreaders and copy markers 1,560 19.10 39,720 19.37
Statistical assistants 700 21.16 44,000 19.34
Office and administrative support workers, all other 12,620 13.61 28,320 11.43
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 1,250 15.45 32,140 14.24
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers 90 23.01 47,850 22.57
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse 310 11.16 23,220 10.53
Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals 390 14.07 29,270 15.31
Fallers 40 29.45 61,250 32.74
Construction and extraction occupations 163,160 27.91 58,050 26.79
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades
and extraction workers 13,740 38.90 80,910 37.69
Boilermakers 180 31.91 66,370 31.17
Brickmasons and blockmasons 3,080 28.05 58,350 27.55
Stonemasons 500 20.52 42,680 18.68
Carpenters 25,840 27.76 57,740 25.28
Carpet installers 1,050 27.15 56,480 24.50
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles 470 (5) (5) (5)
Floor sanders and finishers 110 16.40 34,110 15.23
Tile and marble setters 1,680 26.00 54,080 24.53
Cement masons and concrete finishers 3,080 29.52 61,400 29.62
Terrazzo workers and finishers (5) 20.41 42,440 15.77
Construction laborers 24,150 23.96 49,840 24.65
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators 1,550 25.46 52,950 24.93
Operating engineers and other construction equipment
operators 5,340 36.37 75,660 37.00
Drywall and ceiling tile installers 1,910 27.06 56,280 26.91
Tapers 430 29.22 60,780 31.46
Electricians 20,900 33.75 70,200 33.79
Glaziers 1,480 22.31 46,410 20.04
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall 580 25.60 53,250 19.63
Insulation workers, mechanical (5) 31.71 65,960 30.56
Painters, construction and maintenance 7,570 22.43 46,640 20.24
Paperhangers 520 21.96 45,670 18.90
Pipelayers 660 21.78 45,310 22.76
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters 14,030 28.45 59,180 27.19
Plasterers and stucco masons 870 26.07 54,220 27.80
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers 390 31.50 65,520 33.39
Roofers 2,150 21.68 45,090 17.46
Sheet metal workers 3,360 30.52 63,480 32.60
Structural iron and steel workers 2,410 34.79 72,350 36.07
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile
and marble setters 980 18.52 38,530 14.65
Helpers--carpenters 4,170 12.39 25,760 11.39
Helpers--electricians 2,460 16.51 34,350 15.64
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco
masons 170 13.63 28,340 12.17
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and
steamfitters 2,050 15.08 31,380 13.28
Helpers--roofers 270 12.86 26,740 11.80
Helpers, construction trades, all other 1,040 17.94 37,310 16.40
Construction and building inspectors 2,900 27.58 57,370 26.15
Elevator installers and repairers 3,400 33.46 69,600 33.87
Fence erectors 670 15.44 32,110 14.19
Hazardous materials removal workers 2,260 25.02 52,030 25.93
Highway maintenance workers 2,050 22.39 46,570 23.16
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners 850 20.18 41,980 19.06
Construction and related workers, all other 640 20.18 41,980 15.99
Earth drillers, except oil and gas 160 22.04 45,830 19.06
Helpers--extraction workers (5) 14.93 31,040 13.70
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 168,840 22.04 45,840 21.35
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers 11,790 33.75 70,190 33.27
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers 5,760 22.15 46,080 21.14
Radio mechanics 290 29.43 61,220 29.29
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers,
except line installers 8,580 29.71 61,800 31.40
Avionics technicians (5) 25.99 54,060 24.36
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers 200 18.94 39,390 18.97
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and
industrial equipment 1,170 23.98 49,870 24.36
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse,
substation, and relay 1,350 29.72 61,810 28.58
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor
vehicles 430 17.71 36,840 16.13
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and
repairers 580 16.87 35,100 16.14
Security and fire alarm systems installers 2,300 19.28 40,100 18.73
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians 3,100 25.45 52,930 25.84
Automotive body and related repairers 3,680 18.18 37,820 17.05
Automotive glass installers and repairers 400 12.91 26,840 13.64
Automotive service technicians and mechanics 14,700 18.68 38,840 17.12
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists 6,980 23.72 49,340 24.57
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines 1,120 26.13 54,350 25.30
Motorboat mechanics 40 18.82 39,150 19.04
Motorcycle mechanics 180 14.53 30,220 13.06
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics 280 18.82 39,150 19.79
Bicycle repairers 250 11.70 24,340 10.79
Tire repairers and changers 860 10.65 22,160 9.68
Mechanical door repairers 140 15.07 31,350 13.38
Control and valve installers and repairers, except
mechanical door 1,370 30.68 63,820 30.36
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
and installers 9,480 24.42 50,780 24.83
Home appliance repairers 1,220 15.66 32,570 15.05
Industrial machinery mechanics 3,250 23.47 48,810 23.07
Maintenance and repair workers, general 59,860 18.01 37,450 17.62
Maintenance workers, machinery 1,410 20.55 42,750 19.73
Millwrights 310 32.42 67,430 34.56
Electrical power-line installers and repairers (5) 30.22 62,870 30.92
Telecommunications line installers and repairers 9,950 29.03 60,370 32.13
Camera and photographic equipment repairers 360 15.17 31,550 14.01
Medical equipment repairers 870 23.62 49,140 22.26
Musical instrument repairers and tuners 120 13.00 27,050 12.26
Watch repairers 320 26.93 56,010 25.88
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other 210 34.86 72,510 36.73
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and
repairers 600 14.25 29,640 13.24
Locksmiths and safe repairers 750 18.98 39,480 20.13
Riggers (5) 24.59 51,150 24.38
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers 5,470 16.23 33,750 15.41
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other 2,260 20.93 43,530 18.93
Production occupations 178,080 15.48 32.200 13.07
First-line supervisors/managers of production and
operating workers 12,150 27.44 57,070 26.27
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers 50 16.32 33,940 16.42
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers 310 13.43 27,930 12.78
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers 2,780 13.64 28,380 12.47
Electromechanical equipment assemblers 1,520 14.73 30,630 14.31
Engine and other machine assemblers 120 14.09 29,310 13.18
Structural metal fabricators and fitters 1,490 19.54 40,640 16.47
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators 80 14.47 30,090 13.37
Team assemblers 10,010 11.58 24,080 10.14
Assemblers and fabricators, all other 3,070 11.85 24,640 10.42
Bakers 5,610 12.84 26,710 11.40
Butchers and meat cutters 4,130 17.78 36,970 17.60
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers 2,430 12.42 25,840 10.48
Slaughterers and meat packers 390 9.88 20,560 8.97
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders 470 10.45 21,750 7.94
Food batchmakers 2,570 10.19 21,190 8.98
Food cooking machine operators and tenders 900 11.26 23,430 10.81
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and
plastic 940 19.71 41,000 18.52
Numerical tool and process control programmers 180 20.63 42,910 19.24
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 1,170 14.12 29,380 12.77
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 240 13.86 28,830 13.03
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic 180 12.65 26,310 12.19
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 2,360 12.95 26,940 12.35
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 210 13.54 28,160 13.03
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool
setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1,090 13.79 28,690 12.97
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic 550 15.52 32,270 14.51
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 210 14.44 30,030 13.26
Machinists 3,550 18.48 38,450 17.94
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders 80 16.45 34,220 14.59
Pourers and casters, metal 50 14.00 29,110 13.54
Model makers, metal and plastic 110 25.49 53,020 23.82
Foundry mold and coremakers 200 13.69 28,480 13.53
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 1,330 12.79 26,600 11.39
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 2,060 16.20 33,690 16.38
Tool and die makers 840 22.27 46,310 22.28
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers 2,680 18.55 38,590 17.17
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 370 16.04 33,370 15.39
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic 120 15.50 32,230 14.52
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic 130 21.80 45,340 24.51
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic 400 13.00 27,030 12.60
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners 60 13.55 28,190 11.19
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other 300 16.57 34,470 13.81
Bindery workers 1,820 14.13 29,390 12.75
Bookbinders 160 16.14 33,580 13.76
Job printers 1,670 17.43 36,250 15.97
Prepress technicians and workers 1,860 21.76 45,270 21.75
Printing machine operators 7,630 17.97 37,380 16.09
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers 9,590 10.89 22,660 9.59
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials 2,270 9.58 19,930 8.54
Sewing machine operators 16,350 10.29 21,410 8.97
Shoe and leather workers and repairers 650 11.70 24,340 11.17
Sewers, hand 1,160 11.68 24,290 10.64
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers 2,350 14.51 30,180 13.68
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and
tenders 730 14.85 30,890 15.26
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders 1,900 11.10 23,090 9.64
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators,
and tenders 870 11.94 24,830 11.66
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine
setters, operators, and tenders 190 12.79 26,590 12.60
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and
tenders, synthetic and glass fibers 150 14.11 29,350 13.62
Fabric and apparel patternmakers 1,650 27.86 57,940 28.31
Upholsterers 1,060 19.87 41,330 20.63
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other 800 15.30 31,820 14.93
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters 2,240 15.97 33,210 14.91
Furniture finishers 590 15.93 33,140 15.94
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood 230 14.79 30,770 13.45
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders,
except sawing 570 14.17 29,460 13.28
Woodworkers, all other 60 11.35 23,610 8.92
Power plant operators 740 31.63 65,800 31.77
Stationary engineers and boiler operators 2,520 31.10 64,680 32.30
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators 1,440 23.80 49,500 23.51
Chemical plant and system operators 610 23.22 48,290 22.79
Gas plant operators 310 31.91 66,360 32.19
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and
gaugers 70 (5) (5) (5)
Plant and system operators, all other 130 24.84 51,660 26.62
Chemical equipment operators and tenders 660 19.42 40,390 20.32
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and
still machine setters, operators, and tenders (5) 17.42 36,230 16.63
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters,
operators, and tenders 870 15.67 32,590 12.49
Grinding and polishing workers, hand 740 11.15 23,190 10.61
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and
tenders 3,610 17.21 35,790 17.13
Cutters and trimmers, hand 770 13.84 28,790 13.50
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and
tenders 1,280 14.23 29,590 13.24
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine
setters, operators, and tenders 1,080 13.64 28,380 12.77
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders 210 14.75 30,690 14.08
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers 7,690 15.12 31,450 13.12
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers 4,170 19.12 39,770 16.47
Dental laboratory technicians 1,220 18.00 37,440 17.00
Medical appliance technicians (5) 15.04 31,280 14.93
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians 1,180 15.33 31,890 13.22
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders 7,640 12.01 24,980 10.29
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters,
operators, and tenders 660 14.11 29,340 13.54
Painters, transportation equipment 320 20.42 42,470 20.30
Painting, coating, and decorating workers 510 13.71 28,510 12.19
Photographic process workers 860 21.60 44,920 19.79
Photographic processing machine operators 1,690 11.47 23,850 9.85
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders 390 14.20 29,530 13.28
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment
operators and tenders 170 12.05 25,060 11.34
Etchers and engravers 260 14.97 31,150 14.09
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic 560 15.42 32,070 13.59
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders 1,990 13.76 28,620 13.29
Helpers--production workers 7,080 10.06 20,930 8.76
Production workers, all other 1,360 16.22 33,740 13.62
Transportation and material moving occupations 271,570 17.58 36,570 14.88
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors 110 27.79 57,810 25.48
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers,
and material movers, hand 5,440 22.89 47,600 22.18
First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and
material-moving machine and vehicle operators 8,380 29.15 60,640 29.10
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers 5,150 (4) 180,050 (4)
Commercial pilots 90 (4) 87,880 (4)
Air traffic controllers 150 54.37 113,090 56.37
Airfield operations specialists 240 22.44 46,660 20.76
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency
medical technicians 2,110 11.14 23,160 10.96
Bus drivers, transit and intercity 18,690 21.23 44,160 22.11
Bus drivers, school 18,740 16.00 33,270 15.78
Driver/sales workers 6,060 14.81 30,810 12.98
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 26,180 21.15 43,990 20.77
Truck drivers, light or delivery services 29,090 16.73 34,800 15.69
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs 8,490 13.41 27,890 12.03
Motor vehicle operators, all other 1,660 16.50 34,310 17.14
Locomotive engineers 310 26.70 55,540 26.61
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators 100 25.81 53,690 24.80
Railroad conductors and yardmasters 1,250 (5) (5) (5)
Sailors and marine oilers 890 17.85 37,130 18.02
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels 1,150 26.52 55,150 25.23
Motorboat operators (5) 15.06 31,330 14.34
Ship engineers 590 27.69 57,590 26.67
Parking lot attendants 10,890 9.45 19,650 8.91
Service station attendants 2,540 8.90 18,510 8.33
Traffic technicians 890 21.27 44,230 23.84
Transportation workers, all other 1,580 16.93 35,210 18.29
Conveyor operators and tenders 720 11.94 24,840 10.49
Crane and tower operators 390 32.76 68,150 30.87
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators 430 21.99 45,740 20.65
Industrial truck and tractor operators 9,060 15.92 33,110 15.23
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment 8,970 14.23 29,590 12.40
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand 57,920 12.08 25,130 10.84
Machine feeders and offbearers 2,200 10.93 22,730 9.85
Packers and packagers, hand 24,010 9.70 20,180 8.39
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers 90 19.46 40,470 16.32
Refuse and recyclable material collectors 8,190 23.93 49,780 26.18
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders 520 28.79 59,890 28.37
Material moving workers, all other 890 17.24 35,860 18.03
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
1Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include
occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
2Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a 'year-round,
full-time' hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly
mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
3Represents a wage above $70.00 per hour.
4Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year-round, full time, are reported
either as hourly wages or annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
5Estimates not released.
Last Modified Date: August 19, 2008
Bureau of Labor Statistics
