Richmond-Petersburg, VA National Compensation
Survey (NCS) Bulletin
NC BL 07/00/2007 Table: Richmond-Petersburg, VA, Bulletin 3135-70, September 2006
Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Civilian Private industry State and local government
workers workers workers
Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings
Worker and establishment
characteristics Mean Mean Mean
weekly weekly weekly
Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(-
Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3)
(percen- (percen- (percen-
t) t) t)
All workers........................................................... $19.22 3.4 36.0 $18.43 3.9 35.7 $23.28 6.7 37.9
Worker characteristics(4)(5)
Management, professional, and related............................... 30.02 3.2 37.8 30.33 4.0 37.7 29.30 5.0 37.9
Management, business, and financial............................... 33.21 6.3 40.9 33.28 6.8 41.0 32.45 9.8 39.5
Professional and related.......................................... 28.56 3.5 36.5 28.25 4.2 35.7 29.02 6.1 37.7
Service............................................................. 10.74 7.0 30.9 9.60 7.2 29.6 16.47 7.5 38.9
Sales and office.................................................... 15.76 5.2 35.4 15.92 5.8 35.1 14.70 2.5 37.4
Sales and related................................................. 17.64 11.2 33.7 17.64 11.2 33.7 – – –
Office and administrative support................................. 14.83 2.3 36.3 14.86 2.8 36.1 14.70 2.5 37.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.49 2.9 40.1 18.17 3.0 40.1 21.56 8.9 39.7
Construction and extraction...................................... 16.46 7.1 40.0 16.41 7.6 40.0 17.90 4.5 38.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 21.39 5.7 40.3 21.13 6.5 40.3 22.54 10.2 40.0
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 14.85 3.7 37.6 14.83 3.8 37.7 15.40 .9 33.6
Production........................................................ 15.73 5.4 39.1 15.73 5.4 39.1 – – –
Transportation and material moving................................ 13.91 4.0 36.1 13.84 4.1 36.2 15.31 1.5 33.5
Full time........................................................... 20.54 3.2 40.0 19.90 3.5 40.0 23.57 7.8 39.9
Part time........................................................... 10.68 7.3 22.0 9.92 5.2 22.0 19.35 24.3 22.3
Union............................................................... 20.07 3.9 38.6 20.07 3.9 38.6 – – –
Nonunion............................................................ 19.18 3.6 35.9 18.33 4.2 35.5 23.28 6.7 37.9
Time................................................................ 18.72 3.2 35.7 17.75 3.6 35.3 23.28 6.7 37.9
Incentive........................................................... 25.10 14.5 40.5 25.10 14.5 40.5 – – –
Establishment characteristics
Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 18.61 2.4 39.9 (6) (6) (6)
Service providing................................................... (6) (6) (6) 18.39 4.8 34.8 (6) (6) (6)
1-99 workers........................................................ 16.73 4.9 34.9 16.74 4.9 34.9 – – –
100-499 workers..................................................... 19.28 11.9 35.9 19.24 12.3 35.8 20.56 7.7 37.1
500 workers or more................................................. 22.82 4.7 38.0 22.19 6.1 38.0 23.47 7.1 38.0
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval"
around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are
those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those
whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-providing industries applies to private industry only. Industries are determined by the
2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond-Petersburg, VA,
September 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $19.22 3.4 $20.54 3.2 $10.68 7.3
Management occupations.............................................. 37.01 9.6 37.02 9.6 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 22.69 3.2 22.69 3.2 – –
Level 11.................................................. 36.54 2.6 36.54 2.6 – –
Level 13.................................................. 55.64 4.1 55.64 4.1 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 43.66 14.3 43.69 14.3 – –
Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 7.8 53.71 7.8 – –
Financial managers................................................ 47.13 21.7 47.13 21.7 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 51.39 24.4 51.39 24.4 – –
Education administrators.......................................... 36.14 3.7 36.14 3.7 – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.73 5.0 27.76 5.1 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 19.43 3.6 19.43 3.6 – –
Level 8 .................................................. 28.22 13.2 28.71 15.0 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 31.75 4.9 31.75 4.9 – –
Level 11.................................................. 40.08 1.0 40.08 1.0 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 28.48 10.6 28.48 10.6 – –
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 25.99 9.8 26.00 10.3 – –
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.37 5.2 34.27 5.6 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 34.00 3.2 34.00 3.2 – –
Level 10.................................................. 39.05 5.6 39.05 5.6 – –
Level 11.................................................. 40.18 2.2 40.18 2.2 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 32.79 7.2 32.79 7.2 – –
Computer programmers.............................................. 35.61 4.4 35.61 4.4 – –
Computer systems analysts......................................... 37.90 6.3 38.31 7.7 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 32.69 2.9 32.69 2.9 – –
Level 11.................................................. 40.80 2.1 40.80 2.1 – –
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.82 22.7 30.82 22.7 – –
Engineers......................................................... 47.18 7.4 47.18 7.4 – –
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 17.75 9.4 17.75 9.4 – –
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.11 5.7 26.10 3.5 – –
Community and social services occupations........................... 20.53 6.4 21.46 8.4 – –
Counselors........................................................ 27.00 8.5 27.29 8.3 – –
Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 29.05 9.6 29.05 9.6 – –
Social workers.................................................... 18.56 8.0 – – – –
Legal occupations................................................... 32.55 27.6 32.55 27.6 – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.22 8.1 30.46 8.3 19.24 14.0
Level 6 .................................................. 24.11 8.8 – – – –
Level 9 .................................................. 28.42 1.4 28.42 1.4 – –
Level 10.................................................. $23.74 8.6 – – – –
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.15 8.9 $43.75 9.9 – –
Level 10.................................................. 23.74 8.6 – – – –
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 52.49 5.1 – – – –
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.73 2.1 27.80 2.1 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 28.39 1.4 28.39 1.4 – –
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.21 3.9 28.33 3.9 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 29.37 2.9 29.37 2.9 – –
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.33 4.0 28.46 4.0 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 29.60 2.5 29.60 2.5 – –
Special education teachers...................................... 26.07 2.3 26.07 2.3 – –
Librarians........................................................ 26.87 4.9 27.03 4.4 – –
Teacher assistants................................................ 13.07 11.4 12.92 10.6 – –
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.03 6.6 20.79 7.5 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.17 5.2 – – – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.30 8.3 24.47 10.2 $23.31 12.5
Level 6 .................................................. 21.19 3.8 21.71 8.4 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 18.03 6.6 – – – –
Level 8 .................................................. 30.65 10.8 30.91 11.5 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 27.99 4.4 28.09 5.6 27.63 1.1
Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.13 7.0 – – – –
Registered nurses................................................. 26.67 5.0 26.84 6.3 26.11 4.9
Level 8 .................................................. 26.13 1.0 25.63 1.3 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 27.05 5.6 26.99 7.1 27.24 1.7
Therapists........................................................ 30.34 7.3 30.00 7.9 – –
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.65 5.2 18.80 1.5 – –
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.79 15.8 12.60 13.8 8.86 11.9
Level 3 .................................................. 10.28 7.2 10.80 3.2 8.50 11.9
Level 4 .................................................. 14.13 16.0 – – – –
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.36 4.9 10.90 1.2 8.93 14.2
Level 3 .................................................. 10.02 6.6 10.64 .8 8.50 11.9
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.88 1.6 10.92 1.5 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 10.61 .8 10.65 .8 – –
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 12.59 18.7 13.29 17.2 – –
Protective service occupations...................................... 16.61 11.1 16.80 11.5 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 10.34 11.1 – – – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.56 3.9 17.56 3.9 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 16.69 18.3 16.69 18.3 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 21.61 1.0 21.61 1.0 – –
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Police officers................................................... 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – –
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ $22.36 6.7 $22.36 6.7 – –
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 10.86 4.1 – – – –
Security guards................................................. 10.86 4.1 – – – –
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.79 3.0 9.30 4.4 $6.61 4.2
Level 1 .................................................. 6.45 4.9 6.71 16.5 6.36 11.0
Level 2 .................................................. 7.68 7.6 9.03 9.9 5.56 7.3
Level 3 .................................................. 11.08 3.6 – – 10.32 3.0
Cooks............................................................. 9.02 5.2 – – 8.14 3.0
Level 3 .................................................. 10.12 11.2 – – – –
Cooks, restaurant............................................... 9.50 11.8 – – – –
Food preparation workers.......................................... 9.56 8.4 – – – –
Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.55 12.7 7.54 23.3 5.20 11.9
Level 1 .................................................. 4.60 27.6 – – 4.72 34.9
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5
Level 1 .................................................. 2.38 11.0 – – – –
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.08 6.7 9.80 15.1 6.39 5.1
Level 1 .................................................. 6.96 .8 – – – –
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 6.71 4.3 – – 6.41 4.8
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.96 13.0 12.31 14.3 8.93 4.7
Level 1 .................................................. 10.05 2.2 10.27 2.0 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 8.85 2.1 8.80 1.7 – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.29 2.5 10.36 2.9 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 10.18 2.1 10.27 2.3 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 8.92 2.2 8.80 1.7 – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.12 2.0 11.34 2.0 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 10.49 2.6 10.60 2.6 – –
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.86 .8 8.85 .8 – –
Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.63 5.7 – – – –
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.87 7.9 – – – –
Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.20 14.4 – – 7.94 8.9
Level 2 .................................................. 7.68 1.9 – – 7.53 5.2
Level 3 .................................................. 10.79 8.5 – – – –
Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.64 11.2 20.09 12.6 8.93 8.2
Level 1 .................................................. 7.50 2.6 – – 7.51 3.5
Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 8.66 5.8 – – 8.36 5.1
Level 4 .................................................. 15.56 10.0 15.19 13.9 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.21 19.3 17.21 19.3 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 21.56 9.4 21.56 9.4 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.73 33.3 26.26 34.1 – –
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 27.8 21.91 27.8 – –
Retail sales workers.............................................. $11.95 2.6 $14.03 4.1 $8.93 8.7
Level 1 .................................................. 7.40 1.9 – – 7.37 2.1
Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 9.36 8.4 – – 8.36 5.1
Level 4 .................................................. 16.32 18.5 15.82 24.3 – –
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5
Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – –
Cashiers...................................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5
Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – –
Retail salespersons............................................. 13.66 1.0 14.68 7.4 10.75 25.8
Level 4 .................................................. 16.20 22.2 15.57 30.1 – –
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 26.3 82.15 26.3 – –
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 15.7 19.99 15.7 – –
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 15.8 20.02 15.8 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.83 2.3 15.35 2.4 11.51 6.5
Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 3.0 10.49 3.9 9.44 5.3
Level 3 .................................................. 12.24 4.1 12.55 4.7 10.81 6.8
Level 4 .................................................. 14.95 4.9 15.04 5.1 13.40 5.8
Level 5 .................................................. 16.23 4.8 16.44 5.1 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 18.46 1.8 18.35 1.8 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 20.91 4.4 20.91 4.4 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.92 3.7 14.90 3.7 10.62 11.7
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 21.22 5.0 21.22 5.0 – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 14.00 3.5 14.37 3.7 11.82 3.7
Level 3 .................................................. 12.38 6.4 13.25 10.4 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 13.36 3.1 13.43 2.8 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 16.21 9.7 – – – –
Bill and account collectors..................................... 15.09 .8 15.07 1.0 – –
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.96 3.6 14.27 3.1 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 12.55 6.1 – – – –
Tellers......................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – –
Customer service representatives.................................. 16.31 8.4 16.66 8.8 13.31 20.8
Level 3 .................................................. 12.54 5.0 12.54 5.0 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 17.74 9.9 18.00 9.5 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.10 14.0 13.80 16.7 – –
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 9.44 10.2 – – – –
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.13 13.9 13.77 15.0 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 14.94 13.0 – – – –
Dispatchers....................................................... 16.36 10.1 16.40 10.3 – –
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.59 10.4 10.55 12.8 8.11 2.6
Level 3 .................................................. 9.55 5.2 – – – –
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... $16.87 2.9 $17.08 2.8 $14.09 7.8
Level 4 .................................................. 14.36 4.5 14.36 4.5 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 14.87 2.6 14.88 2.9 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 17.32 7.2 18.18 5.8 – –
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.28 3.1 17.37 3.5 – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.65 4.4 13.86 4.8 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.44 7.9 15.44 7.9 – –
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 7.5 15.92 7.5 – –
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 11.40 8.4 – – – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 13.43 4.8 14.17 5.4 11.15 9.3
Level 3 .................................................. 11.42 7.1 – – – –
Level 4 .................................................. 13.58 6.5 13.61 6.7 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.87 10.2 – – – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.46 7.1 16.47 7.1 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.63 8.0 14.63 8.0 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 20.78 9.0 20.78 9.0 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.39 5.7 21.39 5.7 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 19.93 15.2 19.93 15.2 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 21.28 8.1 21.28 8.1 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 23.26 4.2 23.26 4.2 – –
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................ 26.83 4.4 26.83 4.4 – –
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.67 17.8 19.67 17.8 – –
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.50 21.5 19.50 21.5 – –
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.68 8.4 19.68 8.4 – –
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.57 16.4 19.57 16.4 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 25.96 3.1 25.96 3.1 – –
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.03 2.2 25.03 2.2 – –
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 7.6 22.87 7.6 – –
Production occupations.............................................. 15.73 5.4 15.87 5.5 10.67 16.2
Level 2 .................................................. 10.43 1.8 10.57 1.3 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.67 7.9 13.52 8.0 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 17.81 7.9 17.81 7.9 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.25 3.4 17.25 3.4 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 28.33 .2 28.33 .2 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 23.19 11.4 23.19 11.4 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 18.70 8.2 18.73 8.3 – –
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 31.05 12.8 31.05 12.8 – –
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.75 8.2 12.24 7.0 – –
Printers.......................................................... 16.39 16.4 16.39 16.4 – –
Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 17.5 15.92 17.5 – –
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.68 17.6 13.85 18.6 – –
Level 2 .................................................. $12.38 9.1 – – – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.91 4.0 $14.97 3.6 $10.02 5.5
Level 1 .................................................. 8.27 8.4 9.17 10.1 7.07 10.8
Level 2 .................................................. 12.37 8.6 12.95 8.1 10.06 12.8
Level 3 .................................................. 12.96 4.4 13.45 5.3 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.14 2.8 15.14 2.8 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 15.56 1.5 15.56 1.5 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.84 10.2 14.93 3.6 – –
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material
movers, hand..................................................... 17.88 7.7 – – – –
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.98 4.4 14.57 2.0 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 16.32 3.9 16.32 3.9 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 14.90 4.5 14.90 4.5 – –
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.58 2.6 14.61 2.5 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 15.81 1.4 15.81 1.4 – –
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 7.6 12.78 7.6 – –
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.00 3.9 14.35 3.1 – –
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.19 7.2 12.20 8.3 9.66 5.8
Level 1 .................................................. 8.68 4.8 8.88 8.0 8.15 7.5
Level 2 .................................................. 13.22 11.6 14.12 10.2 10.49 14.8
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.35 9.2 13.82 5.8 9.88 12.4
Level 1 .................................................. 10.67 10.7 – – – –
Level 2 .................................................. 13.80 13.8 14.45 11.3 – –
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.14 3.8 – – – –
Level 1 .................................................. 7.88 5.4 – – – –
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may
include data for categories not shown separately
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3),
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $18.43 3.9 $19.90 3.5 $9.92 5.2
Management occupations.............................................. 37.17 10.0 37.17 10.0 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 22.63 3.3 22.63 3.3 – –
Level 13.................................................. 56.92 1.9 56.92 1.9 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 43.90 14.8 43.90 14.8 – –
Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 7.8 53.71 7.8 – –
Financial managers................................................ 48.05 22.1 48.05 22.1 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 51.83 24.6 51.83 24.6 – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.14 4.7 27.16 4.8 – –
Level 8 .................................................. 28.40 13.4 28.94 15.3 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 32.52 5.9 32.52 5.9 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 25.72 8.8 25.72 8.8 – –
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.37 11.9 26.40 12.6 – –
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.82 6.8 33.82 6.8 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 34.00 3.2 34.00 3.2 – –
Level 10.................................................. 39.05 5.6 39.05 5.6 – –
Level 11.................................................. 40.45 2.0 40.45 2.0 – –
Computer systems analysts......................................... 39.82 9.6 39.82 9.6 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 32.69 2.9 32.69 2.9 – –
Level 11.................................................. 41.27 1.6 41.27 1.6 – –
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 44.21 11.2 44.21 11.2 – –
Engineers......................................................... 47.18 7.4 47.18 7.4 – –
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.02 4.4 25.11 4.6 – –
Community and social services occupations........................... 19.79 10.1 19.22 11.9 – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 23.03 9.2 23.42 10.4 – –
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 32.45 9.4 32.50 9.5 – –
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 21.39 5.7 19.70 4.8 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 23.34 4.5 – – – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.49 10.2 23.82 13.2 21.92 11.7
Level 6 .................................................. 21.37 3.7 21.98 8.6 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 17.77 6.2 – – – –
Level 8 .................................................. 30.75 10.9 31.02 11.7 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 28.61 5.7 29.08 8.2 27.63 1.1
Registered nurses................................................. 26.26 5.8 26.26 8.0 26.25 4.9
Level 9 .................................................. 28.15 6.7 28.60 9.2 27.24 1.7
Therapists........................................................ 27.14 2.4 – – – –
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.73 5.5 18.95 1.4 – –
Healthcare support occupations...................................... $11.79 15.8 $12.60 13.8 $8.86 11.9
Level 3 .................................................. 10.28 7.2 10.80 3.2 8.50 11.9
Level 4 .................................................. 14.13 16.0 – – – –
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.36 4.9 10.90 1.2 8.93 14.2
Level 3 .................................................. 10.02 6.6 10.64 .8 8.50 11.9
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.88 1.6 10.92 1.5 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 10.61 .8 10.65 .8 – –
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 12.59 18.7 13.29 17.2 – –
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.64 2.6 9.06 3.7 6.59 4.3
Level 1 .................................................. 6.37 5.8 6.50 16.9 6.33 11.4
Level 2 .................................................. 7.60 7.8 8.94 10.2 5.56 7.3
Level 3 .................................................. 11.08 3.6 – – 10.32 3.0
Cooks............................................................. 9.02 5.2 – – 8.14 3.0
Level 3 .................................................. 10.12 11.2 – – – –
Cooks, restaurant............................................... 9.50 11.8 – – – –
Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.55 12.7 7.54 23.3 5.20 11.9
Level 1 .................................................. 4.60 27.6 – – 4.72 34.9
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5
Level 1 .................................................. 2.38 11.0 – – – –
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.06 6.6 9.80 15.1 6.36 5.7
Level 1 .................................................. 6.94 .8 – – – –
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 6.69 4.8 – – 6.38 5.5
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.68 16.5 13.10 17.8 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.43 4.7 9.79 5.5 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 8.74 2.2 8.84 2.4 – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.26 3.3 10.31 3.6 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.68 4.5 9.79 5.5 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 8.84 2.4 8.84 2.4 – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.33 3.3 11.46 3.5 – –
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.88 .6 8.87 .6 – –
Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.67 6.4 – – – –
Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.04 15.8 – – 7.95 9.6
Level 2 .................................................. 7.68 1.9 – – 7.51 5.8
Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.64 11.2 20.09 12.6 8.93 8.2
Level 1 .................................................. 7.50 2.6 – – 7.51 3.5
Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 8.66 5.8 – – 8.36 5.1
Level 4 .................................................. 15.56 10.0 15.19 13.9 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.21 19.3 17.21 19.3 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 21.56 9.4 21.56 9.4 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... $24.73 33.3 $26.26 34.1 – –
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 27.8 21.91 27.8 – –
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.95 2.6 14.03 4.1 $8.93 8.7
Level 1 .................................................. 7.40 1.9 – – 7.37 2.1
Level 2 .................................................. 7.94 3.6 – – 7.70 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 9.36 8.4 – – 8.36 5.1
Level 4 .................................................. 16.32 18.5 15.82 24.3 – –
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5
Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – –
Cashiers...................................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5
Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.9 – – 7.83 4.2
Level 3 .................................................. 8.53 3.8 – – – –
Retail salespersons............................................. 13.66 1.0 14.68 7.4 10.75 25.8
Level 4 .................................................. 16.20 22.2 15.57 30.1 – –
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 26.3 82.15 26.3 – –
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 15.7 19.99 15.7 – –
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 15.8 20.02 15.8 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.86 2.8 15.42 2.8 11.64 7.0
Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 3.4 – – 9.61 5.9
Level 3 .................................................. 12.25 4.4 12.58 5.0 10.80 6.9
Level 4 .................................................. 15.24 5.6 15.36 5.7 13.51 6.4
Level 5 .................................................. 17.25 5.7 17.53 5.7 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 19.06 2.4 18.96 2.5 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 21.78 4.5 21.78 4.5 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 14.10 3.5 14.90 3.7 11.05 12.6
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 21.22 5.7 21.22 5.7 – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 13.71 4.1 14.11 4.5 11.82 3.7
Level 3 .................................................. 11.83 5.3 – – – –
Level 4 .................................................. 13.43 3.1 13.52 2.8 – –
Bill and account collectors..................................... – – 14.87 .7 – –
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.59 3.1 13.93 2.4 – –
Tellers......................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – –
Customer service representatives.................................. 16.39 8.7 16.72 9.1 13.42 23.3
Level 3 .................................................. 12.54 5.0 12.54 5.0 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 18.08 9.9 18.23 9.6 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.10 14.0 13.80 16.7 – –
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.13 13.9 13.77 15.0 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 14.94 13.0 – – – –
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.52 10.7 – – 8.11 2.6
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.05 4.9 17.36 4.9 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 13.50 3.8 13.50 3.8 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 17.32 7.2 18.18 5.8 – –
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. $17.29 6.8 $17.53 8.5 – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.78 6.5 – – – –
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 7.5 15.92 7.5 – –
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 11.40 8.4 – – – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 13.93 5.8 14.83 6.4 $11.27 10.5
Level 4 .................................................. 14.16 8.1 14.24 8.4 – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.41 7.6 16.41 7.6 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.65 8.0 14.65 8.0 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.13 6.5 21.13 6.5 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 23.46 7.5 23.46 7.5 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 23.69 4.8 23.69 4.8 – –
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.64 17.9 19.64 17.9 – –
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.47 21.6 19.47 21.6 – –
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.53 17.5 19.53 17.5 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 26.55 1.6 26.55 1.6 – –
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.18 2.8 25.18 2.8 – –
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 7.6 22.87 7.6 – –
Production occupations.............................................. 15.73 5.4 15.87 5.5 10.67 16.2
Level 2 .................................................. 10.43 1.8 10.57 1.3 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.67 7.9 13.52 8.0 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 17.81 7.9 17.81 7.9 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.25 3.4 17.25 3.4 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 28.33 .2 28.33 .2 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 23.26 11.6 23.26 11.6 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 18.70 8.2 18.73 8.3 – –
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 31.05 12.8 31.05 12.8 – –
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.75 8.2 12.24 7.0 – –
Printers.......................................................... 16.39 16.4 16.39 16.4 – –
Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 17.5 15.92 17.5 – –
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.68 17.6 13.85 18.6 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 12.38 9.1 – – – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.84 4.1 14.95 3.8 9.88 5.4
Level 1 .................................................. 8.27 8.4 9.17 10.1 7.07 10.8
Level 2 .................................................. 12.37 8.7 12.95 8.1 10.00 13.3
Level 3 .................................................. 12.83 4.1 13.45 5.3 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.28 3.2 15.28 3.2 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 15.58 1.6 15.58 1.6 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.72 10.3 14.86 3.9 – –
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.97 4.5 14.58 2.1 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 16.62 4.2 16.62 4.2 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 14.90 4.5 14.90 4.5 – –
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ $14.60 2.7 $14.62 2.7 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 15.83 1.4 15.83 1.4 – –
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 7.6 12.78 7.6 – –
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.00 3.9 14.35 3.1 – –
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.19 7.2 12.20 8.3 $9.66 5.8
Level 1 .................................................. 8.68 4.8 8.88 8.0 8.15 7.5
Level 2 .................................................. 13.22 11.6 14.12 10.2 10.49 14.8
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.35 9.2 13.82 5.8 9.88 12.4
Level 1 .................................................. 10.67 10.7 – – – –
Level 2 .................................................. 13.80 13.8 14.45 11.3 – –
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.14 3.8 – – – –
Level 1 .................................................. 7.88 5.4 – – – –
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3),
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $23.28 6.7 $23.57 7.8 $19.35 24.3
Management occupations.............................................. 33.79 4.3 33.98 4.2 – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 31.75 14.3 31.75 14.3 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 21.02 4.9 21.02 4.9 – –
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.06 10.1 24.06 10.1 – –
Community and social services occupations........................... 21.46 9.1 24.91 6.4 – –
Counselors........................................................ 27.12 10.6 – – – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 31.18 8.2 31.38 8.5 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 28.43 1.4 28.43 1.4 – –
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.26 1.2 28.34 1.1 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 28.40 1.4 28.40 1.4 – –
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.14 2.5 29.28 2.4 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 29.42 3.0 29.42 3.0 – –
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.35 2.1 29.50 2.0 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 29.66 2.6 29.66 2.6 – –
Librarians........................................................ 26.44 7.4 26.69 6.9 – –
Teacher assistants................................................ 13.12 11.7 12.92 10.6 – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 27.40 8.0 26.61 5.5 – –
Protective service occupations...................................... 20.11 8.2 20.16 8.1 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 14.68 5.3 14.68 5.3 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 21.61 1.0 21.61 1.0 – –
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Police officers................................................... 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – –
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – –
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.33 3.7 10.44 4.4 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 10.50 1.8 10.50 1.8 – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.32 4.0 10.45 4.9 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 10.53 1.9 10.53 1.9 – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 10.86 2.0 11.18 .5 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.70 2.5 15.05 2.7 10.47 15.6
Level 2 .................................................. 9.91 4.8 – – – –
Level 3 .................................................. 12.19 11.1 – – – –
Level 4 .................................................. 13.72 3.7 13.76 4.0 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 14.57 3.6 14.61 4.1 – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 15.47 3.7 15.47 3.7 – –
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.62 1.7 16.74 1.8 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.21 7.6 15.21 7.6 – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... $14.87 5.5 $15.25 5.7 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.44 8.2 15.44 8.2 – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.07 4.4 12.45 3.0 – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.90 4.5 18.01 3.8 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 22.54 10.2 22.54 10.2 – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.31 1.5 15.27 4.1 – –
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 5. Combined work levels(1) for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for full-time and part-time workers(3),
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $19.22 3.4 $20.54 3.2 $10.68 7.3
Management occupations.............................................. 37.01 9.6 37.02 9.6 – –
Group II.................................................. 21.77 4.9 – – – –
Group III................................................. 31.07 9.5 – – – –
Group IV.................................................. 55.64 4.1 – – – –
Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 7.8 53.71 7.8 – –
Financial managers................................................ 47.13 21.7 47.13 21.7 – –
Education administrators.......................................... 36.14 3.7 36.14 3.7 – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.73 5.0 27.76 5.1 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.95 7.5 – – – –
Group III................................................. 33.77 3.2 – – – –
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 25.99 9.8 26.00 10.3 – –
Group II.................................................. 21.78 12.7 21.49 13.6 – –
Group III................................................. 33.37 4.7 33.37 4.7 – –
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.37 5.2 34.27 5.6 – –
Group II.................................................. 29.73 3.7 – – – –
Group III................................................. 37.10 2.4 – – – –
Computer programmers.............................................. 35.61 4.4 35.61 4.4 – –
Computer systems analysts......................................... 37.90 6.3 38.31 7.7 – –
Group III................................................. 36.84 2.7 36.84 2.7 – –
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.82 22.7 30.82 22.7 – –
Group II.................................................. 17.01 4.9 – – – –
Group III................................................. 34.88 17.2 – – – –
Engineers......................................................... 47.18 7.4 47.18 7.4 – –
Group III................................................. 45.35 3.7 – – – –
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 17.75 9.4 17.75 9.4 – –
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.11 5.7 26.10 3.5 – –
Group II.................................................. 27.21 8.6 – – – –
Group III................................................. 25.83 6.1 – – – –
Community and social services occupations........................... 20.53 6.4 21.46 8.4 – –
Group II.................................................. 18.56 8.2 – – – –
Counselors........................................................ 27.00 8.5 27.29 8.3 – –
Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 29.05 9.6 29.05 9.6 – –
Social workers.................................................... 18.56 8.0 – – – –
Legal occupations................................................... 32.55 27.6 32.55 27.6 – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.22 8.1 30.46 8.3 19.24 14.0
Group I................................................... 11.87 .9 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 21.92 7.7 – – – –
Group III................................................. $30.12 6.6 – – – –
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.15 8.9 $43.75 9.9 – –
Group III................................................. 35.56 18.8 – – – –
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 52.49 5.1 – – – –
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.73 2.1 27.80 2.1 – –
Group II.................................................. 22.14 16.3 – – – –
Group III................................................. 28.39 1.4 – – – –
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.21 3.9 28.33 3.9 – –
Group III................................................. 29.37 2.9 – – – –
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.33 4.0 28.46 4.0 – –
Group III................................................. 29.60 2.5 29.60 2.5 – –
Special education teachers...................................... 26.07 2.3 26.07 2.3 – –
Librarians........................................................ 26.87 4.9 27.03 4.4 – –
Teacher assistants................................................ 13.07 11.4 12.92 10.6 – –
Group I................................................... 11.87 .9 11.87 .9 – –
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.03 6.6 20.79 7.5 – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.30 8.3 24.47 10.2 $23.31 12.5
Group II.................................................. 22.06 16.0 – – – –
Group III................................................. 30.29 4.8 – – – –
Registered nurses................................................. 26.67 5.0 26.84 6.3 26.11 4.9
Group II.................................................. 23.88 4.4 23.65 5.8 24.52 6.7
Group III................................................. 28.21 5.7 28.48 7.0 27.24 1.7
Therapists........................................................ 30.34 7.3 30.00 7.9 – –
Group III................................................. 33.47 7.6 – – – –
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.65 5.2 18.80 1.5 – –
Group II.................................................. 18.67 6.3 18.93 1.8 – –
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.79 15.8 12.60 13.8 8.86 11.9
Group I................................................... 11.15 12.2 – – – –
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.36 4.9 10.90 1.2 8.93 14.2
Group I................................................... 10.33 5.3 – – – –
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.88 1.6 10.92 1.5 – –
Group I................................................... 10.86 1.5 10.91 1.4 – –
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 12.59 18.7 13.29 17.2 – –
Group I................................................... 12.65 19.0 – – – –
Protective service occupations...................................... 16.61 11.1 16.80 11.5 – –
Group I................................................... 10.87 4.0 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 18.21 8.0 – – – –
Group III................................................. 31.25 23.9 – – – –
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Group II.................................................. 15.30 8.2 – – – –
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Group II.................................................. 15.30 8.2 15.30 8.2 – –
Police officers................................................... $22.36 6.7 $22.36 6.7 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.57 1.3 – – – –
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 6.7 22.36 6.7 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.57 1.3 20.57 1.3 – –
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 10.86 4.1 – – – –
Group I................................................... 10.86 4.1 – – – –
Security guards................................................. 10.86 4.1 – – – –
Group I................................................... 10.86 4.1 – – – –
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.79 3.0 9.30 4.4 $6.61 4.2
Group I................................................... 7.54 3.3 – – – –
Cooks............................................................. 9.02 5.2 – – 8.14 3.0
Group I................................................... 8.99 5.5 – – – –
Cooks, restaurant............................................... 9.50 11.8 – – – –
Group I................................................... 9.48 13.0 – – – –
Food preparation workers.......................................... 9.56 8.4 – – – –
Group I................................................... 9.56 8.4 – – – –
Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.55 12.7 7.54 23.3 5.20 11.9
Group I................................................... 6.55 12.7 – – – –
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5
Group I................................................... 3.52 36.7 – – 4.38 14.5
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.08 6.7 9.80 15.1 6.39 5.1
Group I................................................... 7.08 6.7 – – – –
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 6.71 4.3 – – 6.41 4.8
Group I................................................... 6.71 4.3 – – 6.41 4.8
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.96 13.0 12.31 14.3 8.93 4.7
Group I................................................... 9.84 2.7 – – – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.29 2.5 10.36 2.9 – –
Group I................................................... 9.63 2.6 – – – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.12 2.0 11.34 2.0 – –
Group I................................................... 10.37 3.4 10.61 3.2 – –
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.86 .8 8.85 .8 – –
Group I................................................... 8.86 .8 8.85 .8 – –
Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.63 5.7 – – – –
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.87 7.9 – – – –
Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.20 14.4 – – 7.94 8.9
Group I................................................... 9.20 14.4 – – – –
Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.64 11.2 20.09 12.6 8.93 8.2
Group I................................................... 11.20 8.1 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 21.01 8.4 – – – –
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 27.8 21.91 27.8 – –
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.95 2.6 14.03 4.1 8.93 8.7
Group I................................................... $11.31 7.0 – – – –
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.19 1.8 $9.10 10.0 $7.80 2.5
Group I................................................... 8.13 1.3 – – – –
Cashiers...................................................... 8.19 1.8 9.10 10.0 7.80 2.5
Group I................................................... 8.13 1.3 – – 7.80 2.5
Retail salespersons............................................. 13.66 1.0 14.68 7.4 10.75 25.8
Group I................................................... 13.05 11.6 14.11 26.7 10.85 26.9
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 26.3 82.15 26.3 – –
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 15.7 19.99 15.7 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.18 17.6 – – – –
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 15.8 20.02 15.8 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.83 2.3 15.35 2.4 11.51 6.5
Group I................................................... 13.61 4.1 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 17.74 2.9 – – – –
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 21.22 5.0 21.22 5.0 – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 14.00 3.5 14.37 3.7 11.82 3.7
Group I................................................... 13.05 3.2 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 16.23 5.8 – – – –
Bill and account collectors..................................... 15.09 .8 15.07 1.0 – –
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.96 3.6 14.27 3.1 – –
Group I................................................... 13.41 5.5 13.79 5.8 – –
Tellers......................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – –
Group I................................................... 11.27 6.1 – – – –
Customer service representatives.................................. 16.31 8.4 16.66 8.8 13.31 20.8
Group I................................................... 15.91 11.6 16.02 11.7 – –
Group II.................................................. 22.01 3.2 22.02 4.2 – –
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 9.44 10.2 – – – –
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.13 13.9 13.77 15.0 – –
Group I................................................... 13.73 13.3 13.77 15.0 – –
Dispatchers....................................................... 16.36 10.1 16.40 10.3 – –
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.59 10.4 10.55 12.8 8.11 2.6
Group I................................................... 9.07 3.6 – – 8.11 2.6
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.87 2.9 17.08 2.8 14.09 7.8
Group I................................................... 13.52 5.1 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 17.97 2.5 – – – –
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.28 3.1 17.37 3.5 – –
Group II.................................................. 17.41 3.1 – – – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.65 4.4 13.86 4.8 – –
Group I................................................... 13.64 8.5 13.93 9.3 – –
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 7.5 15.92 7.5 – –
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 11.40 8.4 – – – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 13.43 4.8 14.17 5.4 11.15 9.3
Group I................................................... 12.73 5.6 13.23 5.3 10.32 7.4
Group II.................................................. $18.10 7.9 $19.30 5.9 – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.46 7.1 16.47 7.1 – –
Group I................................................... 12.65 6.3 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 18.73 5.3 – – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.39 5.7 21.39 5.7 – –
Group II.................................................. 22.67 4.6 – – – –
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................ 26.83 4.4 26.83 4.4 – –
Group II.................................................. 24.64 4.7 24.64 4.7 – –
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.67 17.8 19.67 17.8 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.78 16.2 – – – –
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.50 21.5 19.50 21.5 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.85 20.3 20.85 20.3 – –
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.68 8.4 19.68 8.4 – –
Group II.................................................. 19.68 8.4 19.68 8.4 – –
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.57 16.4 19.57 16.4 – –
Group II.................................................. 24.91 4.2 – – – –
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.03 2.2 25.03 2.2 – –
Group II.................................................. 27.95 1.4 27.95 1.4 – –
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 7.6 22.87 7.6 – –
Production occupations.............................................. 15.73 5.4 15.87 5.5 $10.67 16.2
Group I................................................... 12.03 5.8 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 19.74 4.8 – – – –
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 31.05 12.8 31.05 12.8 – –
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.75 8.2 12.24 7.0 – –
Group I................................................... 11.39 4.8 – – – –
Printers.......................................................... 16.39 16.4 16.39 16.4 – –
Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 17.5 15.92 17.5 – –
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.68 17.6 13.85 18.6 – –
Group I................................................... 10.94 21.5 – – – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.91 4.0 14.97 3.6 10.02 5.5
Group I................................................... 12.40 4.6 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 17.46 9.7 – – – –
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material
movers, hand..................................................... 17.88 7.7 – – – –
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.98 4.4 14.57 2.0 – –
Group I................................................... 13.50 9.8 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 14.30 2.9 – – – –
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.58 2.6 14.61 2.5 – –
Group I................................................... 14.58 4.3 14.65 4.6 – –
Group II.................................................. 14.56 3.9 14.56 3.9 – –
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. $12.78 7.6 $12.78 7.6 – –
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.00 3.9 14.35 3.1 – –
Group I................................................... 12.37 4.1 12.38 4.5 – –
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.19 7.2 12.20 8.3 $9.66 5.8
Group I................................................... 11.53 8.9 – – – –
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.35 9.2 13.82 5.8 9.88 12.4
Group I................................................... 13.31 9.4 14.01 6.3 11.07 20.5
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.14 3.8 – – – –
Group I................................................... 7.91 4.8 – – – –
1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I
combines levels 1-4, group II combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines levels 13-15.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $8.25 $11.11 $16.00 $23.17 $33.00
Management occupations.............................................. 20.14 22.93 28.80 41.79 53.20
Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.10 50.31 50.31 54.41 76.92
Financial managers................................................ 20.08 28.80 41.79 51.81 88.46
Education administrators.......................................... 26.00 34.97 37.60 39.18 39.18
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.41 18.27 26.09 33.99 42.19
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.27 18.27 21.79 32.36 42.69
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.94 24.57 35.78 40.16 44.01
Computer programmers.............................................. 35.18 35.71 36.72 36.72 39.49
Computer systems analysts......................................... 27.75 31.87 35.78 42.10 58.27
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.34 16.34 24.16 43.41 53.08
Engineers......................................................... 32.28 39.75 46.61 53.27 69.04
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 16.34 16.34 16.34 16.34 22.24
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 21.50 22.83 23.78 29.47 30.83
Community and social services occupations........................... 12.00 15.77 18.72 25.63 30.50
Counselors........................................................ 17.93 20.80 28.96 30.50 31.80
Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 14.93 29.39 30.50 30.88 39.11
Social workers.................................................... 10.83 16.48 18.72 21.17 25.68
Legal occupations................................................... 16.89 20.38 27.50 38.23 63.99
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 15.36 23.18 27.55 32.66 54.42
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 22.52 29.55 50.95 54.42 61.62
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary....................... 54.42 54.42 54.42 54.42 54.42
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 22.57 24.58 26.71 30.12 35.53
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 22.43 25.79 27.30 30.12 36.05
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 22.15 25.96 27.86 30.12 36.05
Special education teachers...................................... 23.61 25.97 26.53 27.77 27.77
Librarians........................................................ 21.29 25.09 27.55 27.55 33.17
Teacher assistants................................................ 9.56 10.39 11.75 14.46 20.17
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.23 19.23 19.25 26.42 28.02
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.31 16.64 23.11 29.69 36.43
Registered nurses................................................. 19.91 23.20 25.96 30.50 33.27
Therapists........................................................ 24.10 25.63 30.28 35.11 36.43
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.00 16.56 19.00 19.95 21.00
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.45 9.97 10.74 12.22 17.00
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.30 9.44 10.62 11.61 12.22
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.02 10.00 10.89 11.99 12.22
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.94 9.97 10.50 16.00 20.00
Protective service occupations...................................... 9.04 10.75 14.00 20.32 27.57
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80
Correctional officers and jailers............................... $11.67 $12.83 $14.48 $16.44 $20.80
Police officers................................................... 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 8.75 9.04 10.15 12.00 14.00
Security guards................................................. 8.75 9.04 10.15 12.00 14.00
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 6.25 7.75 9.90 11.11
Cooks............................................................. 5.25 7.80 9.74 11.00 11.00
Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.00 8.08 9.50 10.00 12.00
Food preparation workers.......................................... 6.25 8.25 10.32 10.62 10.74
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.15 6.85 11.11 11.11
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.02 11.00
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.15 6.25 6.75 7.75 9.37
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 5.15 6.25 6.65 7.50 8.50
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.00 8.99 10.25 12.50 12.76
Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.63 9.75 12.36 12.76
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.76 9.27 11.79 12.76 12.76
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.73 8.00 8.50 9.50 10.75
Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 8.00 9.73 10.25 12.50 12.50
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 8.00 10.25 10.25 12.50 12.50
Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.50 7.00 8.00 9.02 13.94
Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.45 8.28 12.16 17.50 26.39
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 12.01 25.45 29.43 34.46
Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.00 7.70 9.17 13.50 20.64
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79
Cashiers...................................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.20 8.46 10.69 15.00 23.87
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 12.98 16.04 49.52 165.56 219.96
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.64 11.75 14.21 17.28 21.15
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 19.33 19.33 19.33 21.73 23.22
Financial clerks.................................................. 10.31 12.16 14.36 15.85 16.75
Bill and account collectors..................................... 13.46 14.18 14.89 16.06 16.68
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.69 12.02 14.83 15.85 16.75
Tellers......................................................... 9.64 9.64 11.50 12.37 12.37
Customer service representatives.................................. 11.43 12.43 14.42 22.00 25.54
Library assistants, clerical...................................... 7.34 7.79 7.90 12.38 14.45
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.00 12.83 14.50 18.00
Dispatchers....................................................... 12.56 12.75 16.00 16.40 23.56
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 8.45 9.27 9.63 12.76
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.55 13.78 16.35 19.70 22.51
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.55 14.21 16.83 19.36 22.61
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.22 12.31 13.33 14.75 17.44
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... $13.54 $14.05 $15.38 $16.47 $21.15
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 7.53 12.01 12.46 12.60 12.60
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.34 11.00 12.81 15.78 19.20
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.25 13.00 16.00 19.79 20.65
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 16.23 21.06 27.50 29.86
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................ 17.88 24.51 27.74 31.62 33.00
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.06 14.96 18.99 23.50 27.60
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.00 12.86 18.99 23.80 29.22
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 16.26 16.75 19.50 21.05 27.00
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 10.00 11.00 19.85 25.34 32.56
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 16.23 17.43 21.27 32.56 32.56
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.99 20.68 25.34 25.34 25.34
Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.30 14.77 19.00 23.96
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 14.70 26.70 26.70 32.97 65.00
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.00 9.80 10.78 12.82 14.75
Printers.......................................................... 10.00 14.03 15.25 19.94 19.94
Printing machine operators...................................... 10.00 14.03 14.03 19.94 19.94
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.40 13.26 22.81 22.81
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 8.50 11.07 13.50 15.98 18.01
First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material
movers, hand..................................................... 13.38 14.56 17.50 20.84 22.24
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 8.50 13.00 14.50 15.25 17.02
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.50 13.67 14.75 15.25 17.02
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 11.65 11.65 11.85 13.64 15.91
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.00 11.44 13.50 17.30 17.60
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.00 8.50 10.00 12.75 17.50
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.61 9.09 11.42 15.72 17.50
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 6.35 7.50 8.10 8.30 10.00
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $8.00 $10.50 $15.36 $22.14 $31.00
Management occupations.............................................. 19.95 22.93 28.64 41.79 53.44
Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.10 50.31 50.31 54.41 76.92
Financial managers................................................ 19.96 28.80 41.79 52.41 88.64
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.41 18.27 25.71 33.99 38.78
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.27 18.27 24.69 33.83 42.69
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.94 24.57 34.70 40.80 44.72
Computer systems analysts......................................... 27.55 30.80 38.69 44.42 58.27
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 29.81 37.23 45.00 52.89 56.46
Engineers......................................................... 32.28 39.75 46.61 53.27 69.04
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 21.50 22.34 22.83 29.26 30.40
Community and social services occupations........................... 15.77 15.96 16.60 23.18 28.50
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 14.41 15.92 21.02 29.77 32.16
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 26.25 30.77 30.77 31.62 41.03
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.23 19.23 19.23 25.00 28.02
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.18 16.16 23.11 28.53 34.00
Registered nurses................................................. 19.23 23.80 25.96 30.52 31.57
Therapists........................................................ 24.10 24.10 24.10 25.63 35.11
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.00 17.00 19.00 19.95 21.00
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.45 9.97 10.74 12.22 17.00
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.30 9.44 10.62 11.61 12.22
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.02 10.00 10.89 11.99 12.22
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.94 9.97 10.50 16.00 20.00
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 6.25 7.73 9.75 11.11
Cooks............................................................. 5.25 7.80 9.74 11.00 11.00
Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.00 8.08 9.50 10.00 12.00
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.15 6.85 11.11 11.11
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 3.02 11.00
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.15 6.25 6.75 7.75 9.25
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 5.15 6.25 6.65 7.50 8.50
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.00 9.00 10.25 12.76 12.76
Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.50 9.75 12.76 12.76
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.88 9.42 12.76 12.76 12.76
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.75 8.00 8.50 9.50 11.00
Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 8.00 10.00 10.25 12.50 12.50
Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.50 7.00 7.81 9.00 10.75
Sales and related occupations....................................... $7.45 $8.28 $12.16 $17.50 $26.39
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 12.01 25.45 29.43 34.46
Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.00 7.70 9.17 13.50 20.64
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79
Cashiers...................................................... 6.75 7.20 8.00 8.82 9.79
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.20 8.46 10.69 15.00 23.87
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 12.98 16.04 49.52 165.56 219.96
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.50 11.60 14.21 17.28 21.73
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 19.33 19.33 19.33 21.71 23.22
Financial clerks.................................................. 10.31 11.50 13.65 15.30 16.75
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.31 11.50 13.40 15.44 16.06
Tellers......................................................... 9.64 9.64 11.50 12.37 12.37
Customer service representatives.................................. 11.43 12.55 14.42 22.60 25.91
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.00 12.83 14.50 18.00
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 8.00 8.45 9.15 9.40 12.76
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.55 13.17 16.65 20.91 23.04
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.55 14.21 16.74 19.31 23.04
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.00 10.22 13.04 14.30 15.69
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.54 14.05 15.38 16.47 21.15
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 7.53 12.01 12.46 12.60 12.60
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.34 11.00 12.86 16.61 20.04
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.25 12.50 15.68 19.79 20.65
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 10.06 15.52 20.12 27.50 29.38
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.00 14.96 18.65 23.50 27.79
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.00 12.86 18.65 25.17 29.22
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 10.00 11.00 20.27 25.34 32.56
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 16.23 16.23 21.27 32.56 32.56
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.99 20.68 25.34 25.34 25.34
Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.30 14.75 19.00 23.96
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 14.70 26.70 26.70 32.97 65.00
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.00 9.80 10.78 12.82 14.75
Printers.......................................................... 10.00 14.03 15.25 19.94 19.94
Printing machine operators...................................... 10.00 14.03 14.03 19.94 19.94
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.40 13.26 22.81 22.81
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 8.50 11.07 13.48 15.95 17.99
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 8.50 13.00 14.50 15.25 17.02
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.50 13.67 14.75 15.25 17.02
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 11.65 11.65 11.85 13.64 15.91
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.00 11.44 13.50 17.30 17.60
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ $8.00 $8.50 $10.00 $12.75 $17.50
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.61 9.09 11.42 15.72 17.50
Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 6.35 7.50 8.10 8.30 10.00
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $11.29 $14.48 $21.34 $29.55 $38.20
Management occupations.............................................. 24.83 29.57 36.51 39.18 40.10
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 18.84 21.01 30.82 42.19 42.19
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.07 18.94 20.40 23.78 40.39
Community and social services occupations........................... 10.78 13.84 20.08 29.98 30.88
Counselors........................................................ 18.19 20.48 29.98 30.50 35.43
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 18.25 23.88 27.86 33.17 54.42
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 23.26 25.08 26.88 30.12 35.53
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 23.87 26.71 28.70 30.12 36.05
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 23.88 26.71 29.26 30.12 36.05
Librarians........................................................ 20.32 22.32 25.33 31.08 35.28
Teacher assistants................................................ 9.56 10.38 11.96 14.70 20.17
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 16.31 21.34 25.56 32.33 40.58
Protective service occupations...................................... 12.71 14.11 17.96 22.29 31.28
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80
Police officers................................................... 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.20 8.91 9.85 12.11 12.72
Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.13 8.84 9.75 12.18 12.72
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.63 9.18 11.01 12.36 12.72
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.36 12.19 14.28 16.98 19.43
Financial clerks.................................................. 12.53 14.42 15.85 16.84 17.60
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.63 14.18 16.28 18.87 20.96
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.02 13.35 14.61 15.30 19.41
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.04 10.09 11.83 14.16 16.38
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 14.85 17.32 18.69 19.22 19.71
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 16.07 21.06 21.06 25.82 29.98
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 12.02 13.72 14.83 17.21 18.91
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 9. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Full-time workers
Occupation(3)
10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $9.68 $12.55 $17.12 $24.10 $34.00
Management occupations.............................................. 20.14 22.93 28.80 41.79 53.20
Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.10 50.31 50.31 54.41 76.92
Financial managers................................................ 20.08 28.80 41.79 51.81 88.46
Education administrators.......................................... 26.00 34.97 37.60 39.18 39.18
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.41 18.27 26.10 33.99 42.19
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 18.27 18.27 21.53 32.86 42.69
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.94 24.57 35.71 40.80 44.37
Computer programmers.............................................. 35.18 35.71 36.72 36.72 39.49
Computer systems analysts......................................... 25.67 30.40 37.21 42.95 58.27
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 16.34 16.34 24.16 43.41 53.08
Engineers......................................................... 32.28 39.75 46.61 53.27 69.04
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 16.34 16.34 16.34 16.34 22.24
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.34 22.83 23.78 29.60 30.83
Community and social services occupations........................... 15.77 16.48 18.78 25.68 30.50
Counselors........................................................ 17.93 21.34 28.96 30.50 32.42
Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 14.93 29.39 30.50 30.88 39.11
Legal occupations................................................... 16.89 20.38 27.50 38.23 63.99
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 15.36 23.26 27.55 32.66 54.42
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 22.52 29.55 50.95 54.42 61.62
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 22.63 24.60 26.71 30.12 35.53
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 22.63 25.79 27.32 30.12 36.05
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 22.43 26.11 27.93 30.12 36.05
Special education teachers...................................... 23.61 25.97 26.53 27.77 27.77
Librarians........................................................ 21.29 25.30 27.55 27.55 33.17
Teacher assistants................................................ 9.47 10.34 11.67 13.51 22.08
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.23 19.23 19.23 21.93 26.42
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.94 16.69 23.11 30.28 38.75
Registered nurses................................................. 20.00 23.21 25.75 30.78 34.00
Therapists........................................................ 24.10 25.63 29.45 34.28 36.36
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.46 17.90 19.00 20.00 21.00
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 9.36 9.99 11.00 12.71 20.00
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.25 10.18 10.89 11.85 12.22
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.27 10.18 10.89 12.00 12.22
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 9.97 9.97 11.17 16.00 20.00
Protective service occupations...................................... 9.50 10.88 14.09 20.34 27.64
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... $11.67 $12.83 $14.48 $16.44 $20.80
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 11.67 12.83 14.48 16.44 20.80
Police officers................................................... 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 18.27 18.73 21.19 24.78 30.51
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 8.00 9.75 11.11 12.00
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 9.90 11.11 11.11
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 6.00 7.95 9.25 12.00 14.19
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.13 9.18 10.40 12.72 12.76
Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.75 9.94 12.72 12.76
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 9.00 9.64 12.36 12.76 12.76
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.73 8.00 8.50 9.50 10.75
Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.73 9.55 14.96 21.36 29.43
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 12.01 25.45 29.43 34.46
Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.95 8.78 12.11 15.94 23.87
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 7.95 8.20 8.40 9.15 10.80
Cashiers...................................................... 7.95 8.20 8.40 9.15 10.80
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.55 9.39 12.45 15.00 26.39
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 12.98 16.04 49.52 165.56 219.96
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 14.96 14.96 17.50 18.51 40.98
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.34 12.55 14.46 17.50 21.69
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 19.33 19.33 19.33 21.73 23.22
Financial clerks.................................................. 10.69 12.37 14.46 15.85 17.14
Bill and account collectors..................................... 13.46 14.14 14.81 16.11 16.75
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.69 12.50 14.83 16.06 16.75
Customer service representatives.................................. 11.43 12.85 14.42 22.69 25.91
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.25 12.83 18.00 18.00
Dispatchers....................................................... 12.56 12.75 16.00 16.77 23.73
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.15 9.40 9.40 11.30 13.20
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.55 14.02 16.64 20.33 22.51
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 12.55 14.21 17.21 19.83 23.04
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.22 12.31 14.28 14.75 17.61
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.54 14.05 15.38 16.47 21.15
Office clerks, general............................................ 10.50 11.75 12.86 16.38 20.04
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.25 13.00 16.00 19.79 20.65
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 16.23 21.06 27.50 29.86
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................ 17.88 24.51 27.74 31.62 33.00
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.06 14.96 18.99 23.50 27.60
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.00 12.86 18.99 23.80 29.22
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. $16.26 $16.75 $19.50 $21.05 $27.00
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 10.00 11.00 19.85 25.34 32.56
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 16.23 17.43 21.27 32.56 32.56
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 16.99 20.68 25.34 25.34 25.34
Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.39 14.97 19.67 23.96
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 14.70 26.70 26.70 32.97 65.00
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.50 10.35 10.99 13.02 14.77
Printers.......................................................... 10.00 14.03 15.25 19.94 19.94
Printing machine operators...................................... 10.00 14.03 14.03 19.94 19.94
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.25 13.26 22.81 22.81
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.65 11.99 14.50 17.02 19.54
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.50 13.50 14.58 15.50 17.02
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 11.50 13.67 14.75 15.25 17.02
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 11.65 11.65 11.85 13.64 15.91
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 9.90 11.50 14.30 17.44 17.60
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.10 8.50 11.42 15.84 17.95
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.02 11.42 12.73 17.18 19.54
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 10. Part-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Part-time workers
Occupation(3)
10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $6.00 $7.00 $8.61 $11.95 $18.00
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 10.22 11.75 20.00 25.11 25.11
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 11.34 16.00 22.25 28.53 35.00
Registered nurses................................................. 19.43 23.00 26.64 28.64 31.00
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 6.34 6.75 7.55 10.56 12.00
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 6.75 7.00 9.00 10.75 12.00
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 5.75 6.50 8.00 9.50
Cooks............................................................. 5.25 5.40 8.00 9.90 11.50
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.15 3.02 8.00 11.00
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.15 2.50 3.02 12.00
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.15 6.25 6.50 7.00 7.90
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 5.15 6.25 6.50 7.15 7.90
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.00 8.00 8.63 9.42 9.62
Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.50 6.75 7.59 9.00 10.75
Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.39 7.00 7.80 9.05 10.74
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.39 7.00 7.70 9.00 10.92
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.50 7.00 7.70 8.24 9.12
Cashiers...................................................... 6.50 7.00 7.70 8.24 9.12
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.05 7.45 8.55 10.10 21.69
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 8.00 8.76 10.56 14.00 16.74
Financial clerks.................................................. 7.50 10.56 11.50 13.65 16.02
Customer service representatives.................................. 9.00 9.00 11.61 22.00 22.00
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.09 8.00 8.00 8.50 8.80
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 10.57 13.17 14.81 16.74 16.74
Office clerks, general............................................ 8.50 9.34 10.00 13.06 17.50
Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 8.11 10.00 10.00 16.01
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.00 8.25 9.75 12.00 12.75
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 6.60 8.50 9.00 10.00 12.75
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 8.61 8.61 9.00 9.09 16.00
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups
may include data for categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 11. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $20.54 $17.12 $821 $690 40.0 $42,033 $35,601 2,046
Management occupations.............................................. 37.02 28.80 1,550 1,289 41.9 80,580 67,018 2,177
Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 50.31 2,470 2,592 46.0 128,456 134,778 2,392
Financial managers................................................ 47.13 41.79 1,878 1,672 39.9 97,678 86,919 2,072
Education administrators.......................................... 36.14 37.60 1,458 1,567 40.4 75,825 81,486 2,098
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.76 26.10 1,104 1,024 39.8 57,414 53,269 2,068
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.00 21.53 1,039 861 40.0 54,051 44,791 2,079
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.27 35.71 1,359 1,387 39.6 70,658 72,120 2,062
Computer programmers.............................................. 35.61 36.72 1,367 1,469 38.4 71,077 76,382 1,996
Computer systems analysts......................................... 38.31 37.21 1,518 1,489 39.6 78,932 77,434 2,061
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.82 24.16 1,223 966 39.7 63,606 50,257 2,064
Engineers......................................................... 47.18 46.61 1,851 1,800 39.2 96,250 93,600 2,040
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................... 17.75 16.34 709 654 40.0 36,872 33,983 2,077
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 26.10 23.78 1,056 951 40.5 54,899 49,469 2,103
Community and social services occupations........................... 21.46 18.78 849 751 39.6 42,689 39,062 1,990
Counselors........................................................ 27.29 28.96 1,064 1,122 39.0 50,694 51,233 1,857
Educational, vocational, and school counselors.................. 29.05 30.50 1,123 1,220 38.6 50,016 51,233 1,722
Legal occupations................................................... 32.55 27.50 1,230 1,031 37.8 63,936 53,621 1,964
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 30.46 27.55 1,217 1,054 40.0 50,907 43,329 1,672
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.75 50.95 2,066 2,547 47.2 88,559 91,703 2,024
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.80 26.71 1,070 1,054 38.5 44,487 43,329 1,600
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.33 27.32 1,071 1,054 37.8 44,107 42,875 1,557
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.46 27.93 1,073 1,054 37.7 44,179 42,208 1,552
Special education teachers...................................... 26.07 26.53 1,033 1,061 39.6 45,782 46,660 1,756
Librarians........................................................ 27.03 27.55 1,044 1,067 38.6 50,546 54,538 1,870
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.92 11.67 429 368 33.2 16,857 14,525 1,305
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 20.79 19.23 801 769 38.5 40,131 40,000 1,930
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.47 23.11 972 980 39.7 50,256 50,875 2,054
Registered nurses................................................. 26.84 25.75 1,054 1,016 39.3 54,786 52,847 2,041
Therapists........................................................ 30.00 29.45 1,190 1,178 39.7 56,999 53,312 1,900
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.80 19.00 742 760 39.5 38,600 39,520 2,053
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.60 11.00 470 440 37.3 24,422 22,880 1,938
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.90 10.89 422 424 38.7 21,955 22,048 2,014
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.92 10.89 422 425 38.7 21,955 22,090 2,010
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... $13.29 $11.17 $473 $448 35.6 $24,593 $23,296 1,850
Protective service occupations...................................... 16.80 14.09 686 565 40.8 34,876 29,253 2,075
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080
Police officers................................................... 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.30 9.75 380 376 40.8 19,386 19,562 2,084
Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.54 9.90 307 322 40.7 15,951 16,726 2,116
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 9.80 9.25 374 350 38.2 19,443 18,200 1,984
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.31 10.40 476 398 38.7 24,749 20,675 2,010
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.36 9.94 400 385 38.7 20,822 20,010 2,010
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.34 12.36 454 494 40.0 23,592 25,711 2,080
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.85 8.50 322 318 36.4 16,765 16,561 1,894
Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.09 14.96 807 599 40.2 41,964 31,125 2,089
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 25.45 912 1,145 41.6 47,405 59,546 2,164
Retail sales workers.............................................. 14.03 12.11 558 427 39.8 29,024 22,225 2,069
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.10 8.40 352 336 38.7 18,311 17,472 2,012
Cashiers...................................................... 9.10 8.40 352 336 38.7 18,311 17,472 2,012
Retail salespersons............................................. 14.68 12.45 587 448 40.0 30,514 23,317 2,079
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 49.52 3,286 1,981 40.0 170,869 103,000 2,080
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 17.50 802 700 40.1 41,697 36,400 2,086
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 17.50 803 700 40.1 41,758 36,400 2,086
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.35 14.46 605 577 39.4 31,329 29,952 2,041
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 21.22 19.33 849 773 40.0 44,137 40,200 2,080
Financial clerks.................................................. 14.37 14.46 571 578 39.8 29,713 30,077 2,067
Bill and account collectors..................................... 15.07 14.81 602 589 39.9 31,283 30,618 2,076
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.27 14.83 568 593 39.8 29,537 30,851 2,069
Customer service representatives.................................. 16.66 14.42 665 577 39.9 34,602 30,000 2,077
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.77 12.83 494 513 35.8 25,562 26,686 1,856
Dispatchers....................................................... 16.40 16.00 671 640 40.9 34,880 33,280 2,127
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 10.55 9.40 441 423 41.8 22,929 22,001 2,174
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.08 16.64 672 666 39.4 34,841 34,316 2,040
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.37 17.21 694 687 39.9 36,088 35,724 2,077
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.86 14.28 546 548 39.4 28,020 28,484 2,021
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 15.38 612 615 38.4 31,802 31,990 1,998
Office clerks, general............................................ 14.17 12.86 553 514 39.0 28,066 26,651 1,981
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.47 16.00 658 640 40.0 33,955 32,610 2,062
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... $21.39 $21.06 $861 $842 40.3 $44,773 $43,803 2,093
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and
repairers........................................................ 26.83 27.74 1,093 1,128 40.7 56,820 58,679 2,117
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.67 18.99 818 767 41.6 42,521 39,897 2,162
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.50 18.99 817 767 41.9 42,497 39,897 2,179
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............. 19.68 19.50 791 780 40.2 41,117 40,560 2,090
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 19.57 19.85 774 794 39.5 40,235 41,284 2,056
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.03 21.27 976 851 39.0 50,729 44,233 2,026
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 25.34 913 1,014 39.9 47,462 52,707 2,075
Production occupations.............................................. 15.87 14.97 631 600 39.8 32,826 31,200 2,068
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 31.05 26.70 1,232 1,068 39.7 64,069 55,536 2,063
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.24 10.99 489 440 40.0 25,449 22,859 2,080
Printers.......................................................... 16.39 15.25 656 610 40.0 34,087 31,720 2,080
Printing machine operators...................................... $15.92 $14.03 $637 $561 40.0 $33,109 $29,191 2,080
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.85 13.26 551 530 39.8 28,635 27,581 2,068
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.97 14.50 620 590 41.4 31,959 30,281 2,135
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.57 14.58 644 610 44.2 33,474 31,720 2,297
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.61 14.75 661 610 45.3 34,369 31,720 2,353
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 11.85 511 474 40.0 26,573 24,648 2,080
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.35 14.30 575 572 40.1 29,919 29,744 2,085
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.20 11.42 487 428 39.9 25,309 22,277 2,074
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.82 12.73 550 509 39.8 28,602 26,478 2,070
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 12. Full-time(1) private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $19.90 $16.50 $795 $667 40.0 $41,251 $34,528 2,073
Management occupations.............................................. 37.17 28.64 1,559 1,279 41.9 81,073 66,530 2,181
Computer and information systems managers......................... 53.71 50.31 2,470 2,592 46.0 128,456 134,778 2,392
Financial managers................................................ 48.05 41.79 1,915 1,672 39.8 99,566 86,919 2,072
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.16 25.91 1,080 1,024 39.8 56,155 53,269 2,068
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 26.40 21.79 1,056 872 40.0 54,914 45,319 2,080
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.82 34.70 1,338 1,289 39.6 69,575 67,051 2,057
Computer systems analysts......................................... 39.82 38.69 1,572 1,555 39.5 81,768 80,875 2,053
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 44.21 45.00 1,739 1,742 39.3 90,425 90,601 2,045
Engineers......................................................... 47.18 46.61 1,851 1,800 39.2 96,250 93,600 2,040
Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 25.11 22.83 1,025 913 40.8 53,310 47,486 2,123
Community and social services occupations........................... 19.22 16.60 764 664 39.8 39,749 34,528 2,068
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 23.42 21.02 909 822 38.8 39,802 31,535 1,699
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 32.50 30.77 1,244 1,192 38.3 58,669 62,000 1,805
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.70 19.23 753 769 38.2 39,151 40,000 1,988
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.82 23.11 944 980 39.6 49,093 50,972 2,061
Registered nurses................................................. 26.26 25.96 1,023 1,016 39.0 53,189 52,847 2,026
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.95 19.18 747 762 39.4 38,832 39,624 2,050
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.60 11.00 470 440 37.3 24,422 22,880 1,938
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.90 10.89 422 424 38.7 21,955 22,048 2,014
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.92 10.89 422 425 38.7 21,955 22,090 2,010
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 13.29 11.17 473 448 35.6 24,593 23,296 1,850
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.06 9.75 373 376 41.2 19,391 19,562 2,141
Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.54 9.90 307 322 40.7 15,951 16,726 2,116
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 9.80 9.25 374 350 38.2 19,443 18,200 1,984
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.10 10.40 499 390 38.1 25,966 20,280 1,983
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.31 9.80 391 378 38.0 20,341 19,674 1,974
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.46 12.76 458 510 40.0 23,835 26,541 2,080
Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.87 8.50 311 298 35.0 16,152 15,470 1,821
Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.09 14.96 807 599 40.2 41,964 31,125 2,089
First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 21.91 25.45 912 1,145 41.6 47,405 59,546 2,164
Retail sales workers.............................................. 14.03 12.11 558 427 39.8 29,024 22,225 2,069
Cashiers, all workers........................................... $9.10 $8.40 $352 $336 38.7 $18,311 $17,472 2,012
Cashiers...................................................... 9.10 8.40 352 336 38.7 18,311 17,472 2,012
Retail salespersons............................................. 14.68 12.45 587 448 40.0 30,514 23,317 2,079
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 82.15 49.52 3,286 1,981 40.0 170,869 103,000 2,080
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 19.99 17.50 802 700 40.1 41,697 36,400 2,086
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except
technical and scientific products.............................. 20.02 17.50 803 700 40.1 41,758 36,400 2,086
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.42 14.45 609 577 39.5 31,635 30,000 2,052
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 21.22 19.33 849 773 40.0 44,135 40,200 2,080
Financial clerks.................................................. 14.11 14.20 560 568 39.7 29,124 29,536 2,064
Bill and account collectors..................................... 14.87 14.63 593 583 39.9 30,842 30,306 2,074
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.93 14.83 553 593 39.7 28,772 30,851 2,066
Customer service representatives.................................. 16.72 14.42 668 577 39.9 34,710 30,000 2,077
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.77 12.83 494 513 35.8 25,562 26,686 1,856
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.36 17.61 679 694 39.1 35,320 36,079 2,035
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.53 16.92 699 677 39.9 36,337 35,200 2,073
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 15.38 612 615 38.4 31,802 31,990 1,998
Office clerks, general............................................ 14.83 13.57 590 543 39.8 30,662 28,217 2,068
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.41 15.68 657 627 40.0 33,847 32,610 2,062
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.13 20.12 852 811 40.3 44,311 42,162 2,097
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 19.64 18.65 817 767 41.6 42,476 39,897 2,163
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.47 18.65 816 767 41.9 42,442 39,897 2,180
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 19.53 20.27 772 811 39.5 40,139 42,162 2,056
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.18 21.27 981 1,132 38.9 51,003 58,843 2,025
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 22.87 25.34 913 1,014 39.9 47,462 52,707 2,075
Production occupations.............................................. 15.87 14.94 631 599 39.8 32,819 31,138 2,068
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 31.05 26.70 1,232 1,068 39.7 64,069 55,536 2,063
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.24 10.99 489 440 40.0 25,449 22,859 2,080
Printers.......................................................... 16.39 15.25 656 610 40.0 34,087 31,720 2,080
Printing machine operators...................................... 15.92 14.03 637 561 40.0 33,109 29,191 2,080
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.85 13.26 551 530 39.8 28,635 27,581 2,068
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.95 14.50 623 594 41.6 32,382 30,888 2,166
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.58 14.58 647 610 44.3 33,618 31,720 2,305
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.62 14.75 665 610 45.5 34,568 31,720 2,364
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 11.85 511 474 40.0 26,573 24,648 2,080
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.35 14.30 575 572 40.1 29,919 29,744 2,085
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.20 11.42 487 428 39.9 25,309 22,277 2,074
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... $13.82 $12.73 $550 $509 39.8 $28,602 $26,478 2,070
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 13. Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $23.57 $21.34 $941 $854 39.9 $45,463 $42,161 1,929
Management occupations.............................................. 33.98 36.51 1,363 1,460 40.1 70,860 75,943 2,086
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 31.75 30.82 1,266 1,233 39.9 65,844 64,106 2,074
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 24.06 20.40 959 816 39.9 49,863 42,436 2,073
Community and social services occupations........................... 24.91 22.32 978 893 39.3 46,822 47,353 1,880
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 31.38 28.53 1,259 1,061 40.1 52,340 43,628 1,668
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.34 26.96 1,090 1,054 38.5 45,367 43,452 1,601
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.28 28.70 1,106 1,069 37.8 45,579 43,329 1,556
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.50 29.26 1,111 1,069 37.7 45,762 44,411 1,551
Librarians........................................................ 26.69 25.69 1,028 1,013 38.5 47,614 47,518 1,784
Teacher assistants................................................ 12.92 11.67 429 368 33.2 16,857 14,525 1,305
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 26.61 25.03 1,062 1,009 39.9 53,995 50,875 2,029
Protective service occupations...................................... 20.16 18.02 850 731 42.1 43,281 38,000 2,146
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080
Correctional officers and jailers............................... 15.30 14.48 612 579 40.0 31,832 30,110 2,080
Police officers................................................... 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.36 21.19 876 804 39.2 45,454 41,490 2,033
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.44 10.26 418 410 40.0 21,712 21,341 2,080
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.45 10.43 418 417 40.0 21,734 21,694 2,080
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.18 11.26 447 450 40.0 23,252 23,421 2,080
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.05 14.61 592 571 39.3 30,126 29,709 2,001
Financial clerks.................................................. 15.47 15.85 619 634 40.0 32,176 32,968 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.74 16.42 664 653 39.6 34,245 33,627 2,046
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.25 14.61 590 554 38.7 29,802 28,792 1,955
Office clerks, general............................................ 12.45 11.85 464 453 37.3 22,213 23,190 1,784
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 18.01 18.91 713 748 39.6 37,084 38,873 2,059
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 22.54 21.06 901 842 40.0 46,842 43,803 2,078
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.27 14.81 570 572 37.3 25,886 28,417 1,695
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings(1) of private industry
establishments for major occupational groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
1-99 100-499 500
Occupational group(2) Total workers workers workers
or more
All workers.................................. $18.43 $16.74 $19.24 $22.19
Management, professional, and related...... 30.33 25.32 34.80 35.05
Management, business, and financial...... 33.28 26.50 42.52 39.31
Professional and related................. 28.25 24.33 30.25 32.45
Service.................................... 9.60 9.06 9.69 11.91
Sales and office........................... 15.92 16.45 15.92 14.53
Sales and related........................ 17.64 18.38 17.42 13.56
Office and administrative support........ 14.86 14.70 15.18 14.76
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 18.17 17.68 18.00 27.24
Construction and extraction............. 16.41 16.90 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 21.13 19.21 22.97 27.24
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 14.83 14.07 14.55 17.28
Production............................... 15.73 15.48 14.50 17.70
Transportation and material moving....... 13.84 12.85 14.59 16.28
B
1-99 100-499 500
Total workers workers workers
or more
Occupational group(2)
Relative error(3)
(percent)
Relative error(3) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.9 4.9 12.3 6.1
Management, professional, and related............................... 4.0 5.6 14.2 5.7
Management, business, and financial............................... 6.8 7.2 18.9 9.7
Professional and related.......................................... 4.2 9.5 7.8 4.5
Service............................................................. 7.2 9.8 6.8 6.4
Sales and office.................................................... 5.8 9.3 13.4 5.1
Sales and related................................................. 11.2 15.4 33.2 12.5
Office and administrative support................................. 2.8 5.5 6.3 3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 3.0 4.9 5.2 5.2
Construction and extraction...................................... 7.6 9.4 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 6.5 10.7 6.4 5.2
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 3.8 5.9 10.7 2.6
Production........................................................ 5.4 6.3 14.3 3.3
Transportation and material moving................................ 4.1 5.7 12.0 4.3
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay,
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used
to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for
full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $18.25 $16.16 $734 $670 40.2 $38,057 $34,705 2,085
Management occupations.............................................. 27.76 24.53 1,202 1,054 43.3 62,518 54,824 2,252
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 22.44 18.27 891 731 39.7 46,342 38,000 2,065
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 35.59 35.71 1,377 1,250 38.7 71,602 64,999 2,012
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.54 23.11 942 975 40.0 48,972 50,710 2,080
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.10 11.25 511 450 36.2 26,546 23,400 1,882
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 8.81 9.75 368 376 41.8 19,125 19,562 2,172
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 16.47 11.48 607 380 36.9 31,558 19,760 1,916
Sales and related occupations....................................... 20.56 15.53 821 600 39.9 42,692 31,200 2,076
Retail sales workers.............................................. 16.75 14.62 661 600 39.5 34,395 31,200 2,054
Retail salespersons............................................. 18.88 14.51 752 600 39.8 39,101 31,200 2,071
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.11 14.00 592 543 39.2 30,783 28,217 2,037
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 15.86 14.21 621 568 39.1 32,268 29,546 2,035
Office clerks, general............................................ 14.01 12.81 554 513 39.5 28,794 26,651 2,056
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.90 17.30 676 692 40.0 34,728 35,360 2,055
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 19.21 19.25 779 770 40.5 40,491 40,040 2,107
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 18.32 17.50 760 700 41.5 39,529 36,400 2,158
Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 17.75 17.05 744 692 41.9 38,680 35,984 2,179
Production occupations.............................................. 15.80 15.50 628 620 39.8 32,659 32,240 2,067
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 13.64 13.67 587 541 43.0 30,533 28,117 2,238
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 13.80 13.75 641 600 46.5 33,352 31,200 2,416
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 13.80 14.00 679 620 49.2 35,308 32,240 2,558
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................. 12.78 11.85 511 474 40.0 26,573 24,648 2,080
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.36 14.47 577 568 40.2 29,984 29,536 2,088
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.63 11.42 502 428 39.7 26,107 22,277 2,066
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for
full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $21.70 $16.75 $861 $664 39.7 $44,706 $34,507 2,061
Management occupations.............................................. 54.72 41.79 2,167 1,672 39.6 112,699 86,919 2,060
Financial managers................................................ 53.15 41.79 2,116 1,672 39.8 110,023 86,919 2,070
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.40 30.67 1,170 1,227 39.8 60,820 63,794 2,069
Accountants and auditors.......................................... 32.68 33.83 1,307 1,353 40.0 67,968 70,356 2,080
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.38 33.14 1,328 1,326 39.8 69,050 68,940 2,069
Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.36 40.87 1,626 1,637 39.3 84,532 85,105 2,044
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 45.04 46.61 1,767 1,800 39.2 91,900 93,577 2,040
Engineers......................................................... 48.65 46.90 1,902 1,864 39.1 98,929 96,949 2,034
Legal occupations................................................... 47.07 51.90 1,797 1,923 38.2 93,444 100,000 1,985
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.77 27.55 1,079 1,080 38.8 51,741 55,503 1,863
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.27 24.93 948 980 39.1 49,287 50,972 2,031
Registered nurses................................................. 26.36 26.00 1,025 1,016 38.9 53,294 52,847 2,022
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.81 10.89 418 430 38.6 21,718 22,343 2,009
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.93 10.89 420 430 38.4 21,825 22,343 1,997
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.97 10.89 419 430 38.3 21,814 22,343 1,989
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 10.44 10.32 399 413 38.2 20,746 21,455 1,987
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.62 10.14 415 390 39.1 21,604 20,280 2,034
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.61 10.14 415 390 39.1 21,571 20,280 2,034
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.46 12.76 458 510 40.0 23,835 26,541 2,080
Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.12 12.81 778 510 40.7 40,437 26,499 2,115
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.18 10.69 448 427 40.1 23,306 22,225 2,085
Retail salespersons............................................. 11.34 10.69 455 427 40.1 23,652 22,225 2,085
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.64 14.98 621 598 39.7 32,270 31,031 2,063
First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative
support workers.................................................. 20.80 21.71 832 868 40.0 43,258 45,159 2,080
Financial clerks.................................................. 14.44 14.46 573 578 39.7 29,806 30,077 2,065
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 13.95 14.83 554 593 39.7 28,820 30,851 2,066
Customer service representatives.................................. 16.67 14.68 665 587 39.9 34,566 30,534 2,073
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.01 18.63 744 745 39.1 38,674 38,750 2,035
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.44 18.94 773 758 39.8 40,192 39,397 2,068
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 15.92 15.38 612 615 38.4 31,802 31,990 1,998
Office clerks, general............................................ 15.69 15.81 628 632 40.0 32,643 32,887 2,080
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... $24.19 $24.64 $967 $1,014 40.0 $50,307 $52,707 2,080
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance
workers.......................................................... 24.23 22.85 952 914 39.3 49,489 47,528 2,043
Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 25.18 21.27 981 1,132 38.9 51,003 58,843 2,025
Production occupations.............................................. 15.92 12.73 633 509 39.8 32,933 26,478 2,069
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating
workers.......................................................... 41.32 35.80 1,623 1,342 39.3 84,386 69,800 2,042
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.24 10.99 489 440 40.0 25,449 22,859 2,080
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.50 16.50 575 637 39.7 29,924 33,131 2,063
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 16.59 15.25 664 610 40.0 34,538 31,720 2,082
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.89 11.48 475 459 40.0 24,723 23,878 2,080
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 14.12 14.11 565 564 40.0 29,374 29,349 2,080
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 17. Union(1) and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Union Nonunion
Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and
Civilian industry local Civilian industry local
workers workers government workers workers government
workers workers
All workers........................................................... $20.07 $20.07 – $19.18 $18.33 $23.28
Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 30.14 30.51 29.30
Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 33.21 33.28 32.45
Professional and related.......................................... – – – 28.70 28.47 29.02
Service............................................................. – – – 10.70 9.52 16.47
Sales and office.................................................... 19.39 19.39 – 15.71 15.86 14.70
Sales and related................................................. – – – 17.64 17.64 –
Office and administrative support................................. 19.39 19.39 – 14.73 14.74 14.70
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 27.63 27.63 – 17.74 17.30 21.56
Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 16.05 15.98 17.90
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 28.13 28.13 – 20.41 19.85 22.54
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 18.48 18.48 – 14.13 14.10 15.40
Production........................................................ 18.47 18.47 – 14.67 14.66 –
Transportation and material moving................................ 18.55 18.55 – 13.71 13.63 15.31
Union Nonunion
Private State and Private State and
Civilian industry local Civilian industry local
workers workers government workers workers government
workers workers
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.9 3.9 – 3.6 4.2 6.7
Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 3.2 4.1 5.0
Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 6.3 6.8 9.8
Professional and related.......................................... – – – 3.6 4.4 6.1
Service............................................................. – – – 7.2 7.4 7.5
Sales and office.................................................... 8.7 8.7 – 5.2 5.9 2.5
Sales and related................................................. – – – 11.2 11.2 –
Office and administrative support................................. 8.7 8.7 – 2.3 2.8 2.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 4.7 4.7 – 3.1 3.3 8.9
Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 5.9 6.4 4.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 6.2 6.2 – 6.4 7.3 10.2
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.3 4.3 – 4.2 4.3 .9
Production........................................................ 4.9 4.9 – 8.7 8.7 –
Transportation and material moving................................ 5.2 5.2 – 3.9 4.1 1.5
1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 18. Time and incentive workers(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups,
Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Time Incentive
Occupational group(3)
Civilian Private Civilian Private
workers industry workers industry
workers workers
All workers........................................................... $18.72 $17.75 $25.10 $25.10
Management, professional, and related............................... 29.88 30.15 32.29 32.29
Management, business, and financial............................... 32.86 32.90 38.45 38.45
Professional and related.......................................... 28.53 28.16 – –
Service............................................................. 10.68 9.52 – –
Sales and office.................................................... 14.18 14.10 27.56 27.56
Sales and related................................................. 12.60 12.60 32.57 32.57
Office and administrative support................................. 14.80 14.83 15.37 15.37
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.17 17.75 – –
Construction and extraction...................................... – 15.70 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 21.39 21.09 – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 14.89 14.88 14.12 14.12
Production........................................................ 15.71 15.71 – –
Transportation and material moving................................ 13.96 13.89 – –
Time Incentive
Civilian Private Civilian Private
workers industry workers industry
workers workers
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.2 3.6 14.5 14.5
Management, professional, and related............................... 3.4 4.5 8.2 8.2
Management, business, and financial............................... 7.0 7.6 15.0 15.0
Professional and related.......................................... 3.6 4.4 – –
Service............................................................. 7.0 7.1 – –
Sales and office.................................................... 3.2 3.7 25.5 25.5
Sales and related................................................. 8.9 8.9 24.7 24.7
Office and administrative support................................. 2.1 2.5 17.6 17.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 3.2 3.3 – –
Construction and extraction...................................... – 6.1 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 5.0 5.6 – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 3.9 4.0 4.8 4.8
Production........................................................ 5.6 5.6 – –
Transportation and material moving................................ 4.2 4.4 – –
1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are
at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay,
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used
to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 19. Industry sector(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for private industry workers by major occupational group, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Goods producing Service providing
Occupational group(3) Trade, Profes- Education Leisure
Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other
tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services
and es business services ity
utilities services
All workers........................................................... - $19.70 $15.36 - - - $18.77 $9.61 $14.69
Management, professional, and related............................... - 35.12 25.49 - - - 24.67 – 22.91
Management, business, and financial............................... - 30.72 25.28 - - - 33.11 – –
Professional and related.......................................... - 36.76 26.34 - - - 23.17 – –
Service............................................................. - – 10.96 - - - 10.85 7.95 9.79
Sales and office.................................................... - 21.64 13.61 - - - 13.82 – 12.94
Sales and related................................................. - – 13.96 - - - – 13.78 –
Office and administrative support................................. - 16.87 12.82 - - - 13.89 – 12.94
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... - 23.91 21.85 - - - – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. - 23.91 21.80 - - - – – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... - 15.97 13.64 - - - – – –
Production........................................................ - 16.60 – - - - – – –
Transportation and material moving................................ - 12.05 13.83 - - - – – –
B
Goods producing Service providing
Trade, Profes- Education Leisure
Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other
Occupational group(3) tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services
and es business services ity
utilities services
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... - 1.6 4.8 - - - 8.0 16.8 17.2
Management, professional, and related............................... - 7.9 9.2 - - - 5.5 – 6.7
Management, business, and financial............................... - 5.7 15.4 - - - 3.8 – –
Professional and related.......................................... - 4.6 44.6 - - - 7.2 – –
Service............................................................. - – 14.8 - - - 15.0 12.0 14.0
Sales and office.................................................... - 21.8 5.4 - - - 5.9 – .5
Sales and related................................................. - – 5.7 - - - – 18.9 –
Office and administrative support................................. - 10.1 5.0 - - - 5.8 – .5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... - 2.2 12.6 - - - – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. - 2.2 12.7 - - - – – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... - .4 4.5 - - - – – –
Production........................................................ - 1.8 – - - - – – –
Transportation and material moving................................ - 14.2 4.0 - - - – – –
1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a
sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September
2006
Private State and
Occupational group(2) Civilian industry local
workers workers government
workers
All workers........................................................... 552,100 461,700 90,400
Management, professional, and related............................... 153,400 103,400 49,900
Management, business, and financial............................... 42,700 39,100 3,500
Professional and related.......................................... 110,700 64,300 46,400
Service............................................................. 101,800 87,600 14,200
Sales and office.................................................... 156,900 138,400 18,500
Sales and related................................................. 54,500 54,500 –
Office and administrative support................................. 102,500 84,000 18,500
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 55,800 50,500 5,300
Construction and extraction...................................... 33,100 32,000 1,100
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 22,700 18,600 4,100
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 84,100 81,600 2,500
Production........................................................ 41,300 41,300 –
Transportation and material moving................................ 42,800 40,400 2,500
1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the
number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the
survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. See appendix B for more information.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Richmond-Petersburg, VA, September 2006
Private State and
Establishments Total industry local
government
Total in sampling frame(1)............................................ 19,084 19,031 53
Total in sample....................................................... 394 366 28
Responding........................................................ 235 209 26
Refused or unable to provide data................................. 103 101 2
Out of business or not in survey scope............................ 56 56 0
1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed
from State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical
location. For State and local governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government
entity.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Last Modified Date: July 16, 2007
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