Patents – Ernest
Orlando Lawrence
(1957 – 1960) Lawrence Page ·
Resources with Additional Information · Lawrence
Honored
· Cyclotrons · Patents
(1950–1956)
US 2,785,311 LOW VOLTAGE ION SOURCE – Lawrence, E. O.; Mar 12, 1957 (to
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission)
An improved generator is described for the production of a very high current
ion beam. Electrons emitted from a cathode are directed by a magnetic field into
a region of an arc discharge, where they bombard gas molecules. Ions formed in
the region are drawn out by means of several negatively charged electrodes. The
electrodes are curved and nested in parallel relationship and have apertures
aligned to form a narrow high current ion beam from the several low current beams
passing through electrodes. (auth)
US 2,789,229 ION PRODUCING MECHANISM – Lawrence, E. O.; Apr 16, 1957 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) An ion producing mechanism and, in particular, the method of control of the
temperature of the producing method of control of the temperature of the producing
means are described. The invention resides in the broad concept of maintaining
the temperature of the ionization chamber at a point which is optimum to the
stabilization of the ionization. (auth)
US 2,819,401 APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE POSITION OF AN ION BEAM IN A CALUTRON – Lawrence, E. O.; Jan 7, 1958 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) This patent relates to improvements in electric discharge devices of the calutron
type for separation of the isotopes of an element from the freely occurring
composition. The improvement constitutes means for the continuous control of
the path of an ion beam to obtain maximum reception in a receiver compartment.
Withdrawal of the ions from the source is accomplished by an accelerator electrode
placed at a positive potential with respect to the receiver. The ions are projected
through a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of motion towards a
receiver. In order to obtain a signal representative of the magnitude of ions
received from a particular ion-beam in its compartment, an electrode is disposed
in the compartment. The signal from the compartment electrode controls the
voltage of the accelerating electrode through appropriate circuitry to maintain
the path of the particular ion beam optimum for maximum ion current in the
compartment.
US 2,847,576 CALUTRON SYSTEM – Lawrence, E. O.; Aug 12, 1958 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) A calutron system capable of functioning with only a portion of the separation
tanks in the system operating is described. The invention is a calutron system
comprising a closed series of alternated tanks and electromagnets having a
mid-yoke connecting intermediate positions of the series, dividing the series
into two portions, and thereby providing a closed magnetic path through either
of the portions.
US 2,852,689 ION PRODUCING MECHANISM – Lawrence, E. O.; Sep 16, 1958 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) Improvements are presented in calutron devices and, more specifically, deals
with an improved mounting arrangement for the ion source of the calutron. An
important feature of the invention resides in a plurality of insulators so
mounted as to be accessible from the exterior of the calutron tank and supporting
at their inner ends the ion source. These insulators are arranged in mutually
parallel relation and also parallel to the flux of the magnetic field, whereby
the strain of the supporting elements is reduced to a minimum. In addition
the support assembly is secured to a removable wall portion of the task to
facilitate withdrawal and examination of the ion producing mechanism.
US 2,852,690 CALUTRONS – Lawrence, E. O.; Sep 16, 1958 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) This patent relates to calutron devices and has for its object the arrangement
of several independent ion separating mechanisms, i.e., ion source and ion
receiver, within a single vacuum tank to economize on space and reduce the
duplication of magnetic structure. In each of the two described embodiments
the ion separating mechanisms are removably supported within the tank. In addition,
the magnetic field is produced in the tank by coaxial coils supported outside
the tank and magnetic structure is arranged to confine and provide a uniform
field within the tank.
US 2,871,364 CALUTRONS – Lawrence, E. O.; Jan 27, 1959 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) Isotope separating devices known as calutrons are discussed, and a calutron
having a number of transmitter units arranged to transmit a corresponding plurality
of ion beams to a plurality of receiver units to increase the degree of efficiency
in the use of the available evacuated tank space is presented. Various arrangements
of transmitter and receiver units are attached to a removable section of the
tank wall. In addition, a panel of the wall section may be removed to withdraw
a particular unit without disturbing the adjustment and position of the unit
with respect io its mating unit.
US 2,882,407 CALUTRON – Lawrence, E. O. ; Brobeck, W. M.; Apr 14, 1959 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) An ion source is described for a calutron especially designed to improve the
uniformity of charge vapor flow when the vapor encounters the arc. The inventive
feature of the source consists of a specific source block construction wherein
heater means prevents condensation from taking place within the block, and
a separate vapor generator is supported on the wall of the block by a hollow
thimble. The thimble communicates with a bore cavity in the block and the vapor
flows therethrough into the cavity and uniformly out a slot along the length
of the cavity where the arc discharge is located.
US 2,882,409 DUAL HEATED ION SOURCE STRUCTURE HAVING ARC SHIFTING MEANS – Lawrence, E. O.; Apr 14, 1959 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) An ion source is presented for calutrons, particularly an electrode arrangement
for the ion generator of a calutron ion source. The ion source arc chamber
is heated and an exit opening with thermally conductive plates defines the
margins of the opening. These plates are electrically insulated from the body
of the ion source and are connected to a suitable source of voltage to serve
as electrodes for shaping the ion beam egressing from the arc chamber.
US 2,888,566 ION SOURCE SLIT CLEANER FOR CALUTRON – Lawrence, E. O.; May 26, 1959 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) A mechanical scraper for cleaning calutron ion source slits is described. (T.R.H.)
US 2,933,442 ELECTRONUCLEAR REACTOR – Lawrence, E. O.; McMillan, E. M.; Alvarez, L. W.; Apr 19, 1960 (to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission) An electronuclear reactor is described in which a very high-energy particle
accelerator is employed with appropriate target structure to produce an artificially
produced material in commercial quantities by nuclear transformations. The
principal novelty resides in the combination of an accelerator with a target
for converting the accelerator beam to copious quantities of low-energy neutrons
for absorption in a lattice of fertile material and moderator. The fertile
material of the lattice is converted by neutron absorption reactions to an
artificially produced material, e.g., plutonium, where depleted uranium is
utilized as the fertile material.
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