Goldstein, J.A., Faletto, M.B., Romkes-Sparks, Sullivan T, Raucy, J., Kitareewan, S., Lasker, J.M., and Ghanayem B. Evidence that CYP2C19 is the major (S)-mephenytoin 4’-hydroxylase in humans. Biochemistry 33: 1743-1752, 1994. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8110777&query_hl=26)
de Morais, S.M.F., Wilkinson, G.R., Blaisdell, J., Nakamura, K., Meyer, U.A. and Goldstein, J.A. The major defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15419-15422, 1994. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8195181&query_hl=28)
de Morais, S.M.F., Wilkinson, G.R., Blaisdell, J., Meyer, U.A. Nakamura, K., and Goldstein, J.A. Identification of a new Genetic Defect Responsible for the Polymorphism of S-Mephenytoin Metabolism in Japanese. Mol. Pharmacol. 46: 595-598, 1994. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7969038&query_hl=30)
Sullivan-Klose, T.H., Ghanayem, B.I., Bell, D.A., Zhang, Z.Y., Kaminsky, L.S., Shenfield, G.M., Miners, J.O, Birkett. D.J., and Goldstein, J.A.: The role of the CYP2C9-Leu359 allelic variant in the tolbutamide polymorphism. Pharmacogenetics, 6: 341-349, 1996. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8873220&query_hl=32)
Blaisdell, J, Mohrenweiser, H., Jackson, J, Ferguson, S, Coulter, S, Chanas, B, Xi, T, Ghanayem, B, and Goldstein, J.A.: Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics. 12: 703-711, 2002. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12464799&query_hl=34)
Blaisdell, J., Mohrenweiser, H., Coulter, S., Ferguson, S.S., Chanas, B., Xi, T., Ghanayem, B., and Goldstein, J.A.: Discovery of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C9 Pharmacogenetics 14: 527-537, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15284535&query_hl=36)
Goldstein, J.A. Invited review: Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the human CYP2C subfamily. Brit. J. of Clin. Pharmacol. 52: 349-355, 2001. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11678778&query_hl=38)
Lee, C.R., Goldstein, J.A., and Pieper, J.A. Cytochrome P450 2C9 Genetic Polymorphisms: A Comprehensive Review of the In Vitro and Human data. Pharmacogenetics;12:251-263, 2002. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11927841&query_hl=40)
Lee, S.-J., Usmani, K.A., Chanas, B. Ghanayem, B., Tina Xi, T., H Mohrenweiser, H.W. and Goldstein, J.A.: Genetic findings and functional studies of human CYP3A5 single nucleotide polymorphisms in different ethnic groups. Pharmacogenetics 13:461-472, 2003. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12893984&query_hl=42)
Lee, S., Bell,D., Coulter, S., Ghanayem, B., and Goldstein, J.A.: Recombinant CYP3A4*17 is defective in metabolizing the hypertensive drug nifedipine, and the CYP3A4*17 allele may occur on the same chromosome as CYP3A5*3, representing a new puntative defective CYP3A haplotype. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 313: 302-309, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Search&db=pubmed&term=is+defective+in+metabolizing+the+hypertensive+drug+nifedipine%2C+and+the+cyp3a4%2A17+allele+may+occur+on+the+same+chromosome+as+cyp3a5%2A3%2C+representing+a+new+putative+defective+cyp3a+haplotype&tool=fuzzy&ot=is+defective+in+metabolizing+the+hypertensive+drug+nifedipine%2C+and+the+CYP3A4%2A17+allele+may+occur+on+the+same+chromosome+as+CYP3A5%2A3%2C+representing+a+new+puntative+defective+CYP3A+haplotype)
Lee, S-J., and Goldstein, J.A.: Functionally defective or altered CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their detections with genotyping tests. Pharmacogenomics, 6:357-371, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16004554&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_DocSum)
Lee, S.J., van der Heiden, I.P., Goldstein, J.A. and van Schaik, R.H.: A new CYP3A5 variant, CYP3A5*11, is shown to be defective in nifedipine metabolism in a recombinant cDNA expression system. Drug Metab. Disp. 35:67-71, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17035598&query_hl=20&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Delozier, T.C., Lee, S.C., Coulter, S. J., Goh, B.C., Goldstein, J.A.: Functional characteriztion of novel allelic variants of CYP2C9 recently discovered in Southeast Asians. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 315:1085-1090, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16099926&query_hl=52)
Lee, S.J., Coulter, Perera, L, S.J., Jetten, A., Mohrenweiser, H.M., Jetten, A. and Goldstein, J.A.: Discovery of new coding alleles of human CYP2C26A1* which are potentially defective in the metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid and their assessment in a recombinant cDNA expression system. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 17: 169-180, 2007. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17460545&query_hl=24&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Parikh, S., Ouedraogo, J.B., Goldstein, J.A., Rosenthal, P.J., and Kroetz, D.L.: Amodiaquine metabolism is impaired by common polymorphisms in CYP2C8: Implications for malaria treatment in Africa. Clin. Pharmacol Therapeut, 2007 Mar 14:[Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 17361129. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17361129&query_hl=27&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Lee SJ, van der Heiden IP, Goldstein JA , van Schaik RHN. A new CYP3A5 variant, CYP3A5*11, is shown to be defective in nifedipine metabolism in a recombinant cDNA expression system. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals 2007 1 (67-71). [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17035598)
Limdi N.A., Goldstein J.A., Blaisdell J.A., Beasley T.M., Rivers C.A., Acton R.T. Influence of CYP2C9 genotype on warfarin dose among African- American and European-American. Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2007 4(2):157-169. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=)
van Waterschoot RAB , van Herwaarden AE, Lagas JS, Sparidans RW, Wagenaar E, van der Kruijssen CMM, Goldstein JA, Zeldin DC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Midazolam metabolism in cytochrome P450 3A knockout mice can be attributed to upregulated CYP2C enzymes. Molecular pharmacology 2008 73(3):1029-1036. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18156313)
Limdi NA, Arnett DK, Goldstein JA, Beasley TM, McGwin G, Adler BK, Acton RT. Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 s on warfarin dose, anticoagulation attainment and maintenance among European American and African Americans. Pharmacogenomics 2008 9(5):511-526. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18466099)
Function of Murine CYP2Cs
Wang, H. J.A. Bradbury, J.A. Blaisdell, Goldstein, J.A., and Zeldin, D.C.: Cloning, expression and characterization of three new murine CYP2Cs involved in fatty acid metabolism. Mol. Pharmacol. 65:1-11, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15102943&query_hl=54)
Andreola, F., Hayhurst, G.P., Luo, G., Ferguson, S.S., Gonzalez, F.J., Goldstein, J.A., and. De Luca, L.M.: Mouse liver CYP2C39 is a novel retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase: Its downregulation offers a molecular basis for liver retinoid accumulation and fibrosis in AHR-null mice. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 343-348, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14623888&query_hl=56)
Delozier, T.C., Tsao, C.-C., Coulter, S.J., Zeldin, D.C., and Goldstein, J.A.: CYP2C44, A new murine CYP2C that metabolizes arachidonic acid to unique stereospecific products. J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 310: 845-854, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15084647&query_hl=58)
Regulation of the CYP2Cs
Ferguson, S. S., E. L. LeCluyse, Negishi, M., and Goldstein, J.A.: Regulation of human CYP2C9 by constitutive androstate receptor (CAR): discovery of a new distal binding site, Mol. Pharmacol. 62: 737-746, 2002. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12181452&query_hl=60)
Jackson, J.P., Ferguson, S. S., Moore, R., Negishi, M., and Goldstein, J.A.: The constitutive active/androstane receptor regulates phenytoin induction of Cyp2c29. Mol. Pharmacol. 65:1397-404, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15155833&query_hl=62)
Chen, Y., Ferguson, S., Negishi, M., Goldstein, J.A.: Identification of constitutive androstane receptor and glucocorticoid receptor sites in the CYP2C19 promoter differences in transcriptional regulation of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Mol. Pharmacol. 64: 316-324, 2003. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12869636&query_hl=65)
Chen, Y., Ferguson, Stephen, S.S., Negishi, M.., and Goldstein, J.A.: Induction of human CYP2C9 by rifampicin, hyperforin, and phenobarbital is mediated by the pregnane X receptor. J Pharmacol. Exper. Ther. 308:495-501, 2004. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14600250&query_hl=67)
Chen, Y., Kissling,G., Negishi,M.,and Goldstein, J.A.: The nuclear receptors CAR and PXR cross talk with HNF4α to synergistically the human CYP2C9 promoter. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther., 314:1125-33, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15919766&query_hl=72)
Ferguson, S., Chen, Y., LeCluyse, E., Negishi, M., and Goldstein, J.A.: Human CYP2C8 is transcriptionally regulated by the nuclear receptors CAR, PXR, GR and HNF4α: Mol. Pharmacol., 72: 737-746, 2005. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15933212&query_hl=75)
Jackson, J. P., Ferguson, S.S., Negishi, M. and Goldstein, J.A.: Phenytoin induction of the CYP2C37 gene is mediated by the constitutive androstane receptor. Drug Metab. Disp. 34(12):2003-10, 2006. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16936065&query_hl=31&itool=pubmed_docsum)
Limdi NA, McGwin G, Goldstein JA, Beasley TM, Arnett DK, Adler BK , Baird MF, Acton RT. Influence of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 1173C/T genotype on the risk of hemorrhagic complications in African-American and European-American patients on warfarin. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 2007 83(2):312-321. [Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=17653141)