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Landslides, Set 1 |
| The slopes above streams and rivers are subjected to a variety of processes that cause them to recede and retreat from the river or stream channel. These processes, collectively called mass wasting, can be classified according to rapidity of movement and according to the type of materials that are transported. This set of slides depicts diverse types of landslides and mass wasting. Photos were taken in the U.S., Canada, Australia, Peru, and Switzerland. It includes the famous 1903 rock slide at Frank, Alberta, Canada, and the 1970 earthquake-induced rock and snow slide at Yungay and Ramrahirca in Peru. |
Talus cones, Glen Canyon | |
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Rockfalls and Slides Talus cones formed from rockfalls in Glen Canyon above Kane Creek, Arizona. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Rock Slide, Frank, Alberta, Canada | |
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Rockfalls and Slides Results of the rock slide of 1903 at Frank, Alberta, Canada. In less than two minutes, 40 million cubic yards of rock from Turtle Mountain slid along a plane of structural weakness to cover the town of Frank. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Rock and Snow Avalanche, Mt. Hauscaran, Peru | |
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Rockfalls and Slides In 1970, an earthquake-induced rock and snow avalanche on Mt. Huascaran, Peru, buried the towns of Yungay and Ranrahirca. The death toll from the earthquake and landslide was 66,700. The avalanche started as a sliding mass of glacial ice and rock. The avalanche swept about 16.5 km to Yungay at a speed of 210 to 280 km/hr. The fast-moving mass picked up glacial deposits and by the time it reached Yungay, it is estimated to have consisted of about 50 to 100 million m3 of water, mud, and rocks. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Rockfall Avalanche, Mt. Rainer, Washington | |
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Rockfalls and Slides Results of the 1963 rockfall avalanche of volcanic debris on Little Tahoma, Mt. Rainer, Washington. There were no witnesses to the event. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Slide and Alluvial Fan, Madison River, Montana | |
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Rockfalls and Slides Earthquake-induced slide and alluvial fan on downstream side of Madison River, Montana. Light colored rock is dolomite marble, the more resistant rock that supported weathered, mica-rich, overlying layers. An earthquake in 1959 fractured this dolomite and caused a great avalanche of rock, dirt, and trees to cascade from the steep south wall of the Madison River Canyon, about 395 m above the canyon floor. The avalanche formed a barrier 60-120 m high that completely blocked the gorge and the flow of the Madison River and created a lake. Twenty-eight people were believed to have been engulfed in the 88,000 kg slide. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Talus Cones in the Canadian Rockies | |
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Rockfalls and Slides Talus cones formed by rock falls and rock slides in the Canadian Rockies. Note the mudflow in the lower center of the photo. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Mudflow, Climax, Colorado | |
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Mudflows and Earthflows Mayflower Mountain mudflow in the Ten Mile Range near Climax, Colorado, in 1961. The flow was generated on a steep talus slope. Note the large boulders transported by the flow. Finer material has been eroded from the top of the flow. The photo was taken one month after the event. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Mudflow Scar, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado | |
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Mudflows and Earthflows Mudflow scar in Never-Summer Range, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado one month after the event in June 1978. The flow consisted of colluvium deposits on bed rock and was precipitated by an irrigation ditch that leaked water and saturated soils. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Slumgullian Mudflow, Lake City, Colorado | |
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Mudflows and Earthflows The Slumgullian mudflow in the San Juan Mountains dammed Lake Fork, and formed Lake San Cristobal (lower left) at Lake City, Colorado. This flow was discovered by the earliest settlers to the area and is still active. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Mudflow, Death Valley, California | |
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Mudflows and Earthflows Results of mudflow of early 1970's in a saddle of the Owlshead Mountains, South Death Valley, California. The photo is oriented north east. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Earthflow, Southern Australia | |
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Mudflows and Earthflows Earthflow in Rapid Bay Valley, Fleurieu Penin, Southern Australia. The laterial lines on the hillside show creep. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Earthflow, Mission Pass, California | |
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Mudflows and Earthflows Earthflow on Mission Pass in the California coastal ranges. The laterial lines on the hillside show creep. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Slump, Pacific Palisades, Southern California | |
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Slumps and Subsidence Slump on the Pacific Palisades in Southern California northwest of Santa Monica. Two slumps are visible in the photo--one at the center just below the road and the other just behind the first. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Earthflow, Chalet Du Fer, Leysin, Switzerland | |
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Slumps and Subsidence Recently reactivated slump/earthflow below Chalet Du Fer Leysin, Switzerland. The flow consists of colluvium on sloping bedrock. Area of older flow is marked by grassy area and young trees. Most recent flow covers road in foreground. Red soil shows extensive weathering. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Head of Slump, Black Hills, North Dakota | |
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Slumps and Subsidence The head of a slump in the Black Hills of North Dakota. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Subsidence, San Joaquin Valley, California | |
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Slumps and Subsidence Subsidence due to the pumping of water from the water table in the San Joaquin Valley, California. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Sinking, Coal Mine Collapse, Lafayette, Colorado | |
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Slumps and Subsidence Sinking caused by the collapse of a coal mine near Lafayette, Colorado. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Rock Glaciers, Mt. Sopris, Colorado | |
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Rock Glaciers Rock glaciers in tertiary rock on Mt. Sopris, Colorado. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Solifluction Flows, Alaska | |
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Solifluction Solifluction flows (lobes) near Suslositna Creek, Alaska. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |
Creep, Marathon, Texas | |
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Creep Creep in Haymond Formation (sandstone and shale) near Marathon, Texas. The apparent bending of sandstone beds is actually produced when beds fracture into small vertical sections. These sections are then moved down slope at differing rates depending on depth from the surface. The blocks closest to the surface are displaced downslope to the greatest extent. Photo Credit: B. Bradley, University of Colorado |