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Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 18, 1989, Part 2 |
| On October 17, 1989 at 05:04 pm local time (October 18 at 00:04 GMT), a 7.1 magnitude earthquake occurred near Loma Prieta in the Santa Cruz mountains. This earthquake is also known as the "San Francisco World Series Earthquake". The slide set focuses on the effects in San Francisco and Oakland. It highlights the damage in the Marina area of San Francisco. The set also includes photographs in the area south of Market Street where five deaths occurred, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, and the Nimitz Freeway (I-880) where 41 deaths occurred. |
Collapsed 4th-Story Wall, San Francisco, California | |
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The fourth-story wall of this unreinforced masonry building on Bluxome Street near Sixth and Townsend collapsed onto the street, crushing five people in their cars. No one in the building was killed. Photo Credit: E.V. Leyendecker, U.S. Geological Survey |
Damaged Cars in which 5 People Were Killed, San Francisco, California | |
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Detail of damage to cars in which five people were killed by parapet collapse of the four-story building on Bluxome Street. The 6th Street freeway on-ramp is visible on the left of the photo. This building is located in an area south of Market Street that had a number of damaged buildings. An eight story building in the same area was damaged severely and had to be demolished. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Cracks in Building, Marina District, San Francisco | |
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These cracks in a building along Jefferson Street in the Marina District of San Francisco are typical of the damage in that area. One hundred eighty-five buildings were structurally damaged in the area. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
House Shifted on Foundation, Marina District, San Francisco | |
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This house along Jefferson Street in the Marina District shifted more than 10 cm on its foundation. Houses that were not bolted to their foundations were particularly vulnerable to damage. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Collapsed Building, San Francisco | |
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This collapsed and demolished building along Jefferson Street is typical of about 35 buildings that were eventually torn down. Note buildings that remain standing at left and at right top. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Demolition of Collapsed Building, San Francisco | |
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Demolition of building on Jefferson Street. Note damage to the remaining building with an open first floor. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
View of Damage along Jefferson Street, San Francisco | |
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Another view along Jefferson Street in the Marina District. Tenants try to salvage items from the rubble. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Shored Building in the Marina District, San Francisco | |
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Shored building on Beach Street in the Marina District. Note the garage area on the first floor beneath the apartments. This common construction practice weakened the first floors of the structures. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Detail of Shoring to Garage, Marina District, San Francisco | |
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Detail of shoring to garage area in building on Beach Street in the Marina District. The practice of using the first floor for garages left the building with inadequate lateral bracing on the ground level. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Collapsed Building in the Marina District, San Francisco | |
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A collapsed building in the Marina District. The first story of this three story structure failed when ground shaking was intensified by liquefaction. The second story collapsed, leaving only the third story. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Collapsed Building, Marina District, 2nd View | |
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A second view of the collapsed building shown in the previous slide. Nine people were killed in the Marina District as a result of the fires and the building collapses. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Rubble Left after Fire in Marina District | |
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Rubble after the fire at North Point Street and Divisadero in the Marina District. As in 1906, water mains failed and fires in this area could not be fought with city water. Water was pumped from a fireboat to extinguish this fire. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Demolished Cars and Rubble, Marina District | |
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Demolished cars and rubble. This view is looking east across the street from fire at North Point and Divisadero in the Marina District of San Francisco. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Sidewalk Damage Produced by Liquefaction, Marina District, San Francisco | |
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View south on Webster Street in the Marina District. Sidewalk damage is the result of liquefaction of the land fill upon which the area was built. Note the upheaved section in background near pole. The manmade fill beneath the Marina was permanently deformed by liquefaction. Structures resting on the fill had to accommodate the deformation. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Evidence of Liquefaction in the Marina District, San Francisco | |
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The fine sand deposited near the curb is evidence of the liquefaction that took place in the Marina District of San Francisco. Some sand boils in the area spewed forth charred wood and other debris, remnants of the San Francisco that was destroyed by earthquake and fire in 1906. Photo Credit: D. Perkins, U.S. Geological Survey |
Damage to Top Floor of Clay Building, Oakland, California | |
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Damage to the upper floor of the three-story Clay Building at the corner of 10th and Clay Streets in Oakland, California. Photo Credit: C. Stover, U.S. Geological Survey |
Aerial View of Collapsed Interstate 880, Oakland, California | |
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Aerial view looking west of part of the collapsed Interstate 880 double-decked highway structure. Fifty-one spans of this structure were involved in the collapse which killed 41 motorists. Only one 1.2 km span, shown in the center of the photo, did not collapse. Photo Credit: E.V. Leyendecker, U.S. Geological Survey |
Side View of the Collapsed Section of Interstate 880, Oakland, California | |
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Side view of the collapsed Cypress section of the Interstate 880. Note the failed column support in the center of the photo and the ambulance to remove survivors. Photo Credit: C. Stover, U.S. Geological Survey |
View of Damage to San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge | |
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View of the San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge looking west showing the failed 15-m long section at Pier E-9. The view is looking west from the upper deck of the 88-m truss (beam) supported by Pier E-9. A 153-m-long truss, also supported at Pier E-9, is shown on the west side of the opening. The 15-m span of the upper deck was supported at the west end by bearings attached to the large north-south girder visible on the west side of the opening. These support bearings allowed expansion movement of the 15-m sections. Similar supports were provided on a girder on the east side of the opening, except the bearings were attached to prevent movement. Failure of the bearings of the 88-m (east) truss allowed movement toward the east. This pulled the 15-m sections (upper and lower), which were attached to it, off their expansion bearings on the west end. The spans then collapsed but remained partially attached at the east end. Photo Credit: E.V. Leyendecker, U.S. Geological Survey |
Damage to Truss Support Bearing Shoe, San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge | |
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Truss support-bearing shoe at Pier E-9 of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay bridge. This bearing shoe was located at the northeast corner of Pier E-9. An identical bearing shoe was located in the southeast corner. Together, these bearings provided support for the 88-m truss at Pier E-9. Each bearing shoe was attached to Pier E-9 with 20 2.54 cm diameter bolts. During the earthquake, all of the bolts in both bearing shoes failed. This allowed movement of the previously attached 88-m truss. As evidenced by the exposed paint, the bearing shoe came to rest about 14 cm to the north and 1.58 cm to the east of its original position. Photo Credit: E.V. Leyendecker, U.S. Geological Survey |